Volatile memory, such as RAM, is temporary and loses data when power is lost, while non-volatile memory like ROM permanently stores data even without power. Computer memory is divided into primary memory (RAM and ROM) and secondary memory (punch cards, magnetic tapes, floppy disks). Primary memory is directly accessible for processing while secondary memory requires data to be transferred to primary memory first. Common forms of secondary memory discussed are punch cards, magnetic tapes, and floppy disks, along with brief descriptions of each.

1. IIT (Introduction To Information
Technology)
Ma’m Sumaira

2. Types Of Memory
Two Types Of Memory:
1)Volatile Memory
2)Non-volatile Memory

3. Volatile Memory
Volatile memory is a temporary memory
that loses its contents when the computer
or hardware device loses power, if your
computer freezes or reboots when working
on a program you lose anything that hasn't
been saved.

4. Non-volatile Memory
Non volatile memory is a
permanently memory,
which does not lose the
data when the device is
power down.

5. Types of computer memory
Computer memory is divided
into two types:
1) Primary memory
(RAM,ROM)
1) Secondary memory
(Punching Devices, Magnetic
tape, Floppy Disk)

6. PRIMARY MEMORY
RAM(Random access memory):
RAM is typically loaded from the computer's hard
disk, and includes data related to RAM is a
memory scheme within the computer system
responsible for storing data on a temporary basis,
It is volatile in nature.. When the system is
switched off, the RAM loses all stored information.
The data remains stored on secondary storage
through, and can be retained when the system is
running again.

7. ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM is a permanent form
of storage. It is non-
volatile in nature, ROM
stays active regardless of
whether power supply to
it is turned on or off.

8. Secondary Memory
secondary memory is not directly
accessible by the computer. When a
computer needs to run or execute an
application stored in secondary
memory, it first brings it to primary
memory storage for a while, to control
and carry out its execution.

9. Punch card
punch cards stored instructions of
operation for machines. Early digital
computers made punch cards popular as
data storage assemblies.
Punched cards were used through most of
the 20th century in what became known
as the data processing industry; the use
of unit record machines.

11. Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape as a recording technique was
invented in 1928. This formed the basis for
magnetic digital information storage.
•Devices that record and play back audio and
video using magnetic tape are tape
recorders and video tape recorders. A device
that stores computer data on magnetic tape is
a tape drive (tape unit, streamer).
•Magnetic tape revolutionized broadcast and
recording. When all radio was live, it allowed
programming to be recorded.

12. Magnetic Tape

13. Floppy Disk
A floppy disk, or diskette, is a disk
storage medium composed of a disk of
thin and flexible magnetic
storage medium, sealed in a
rectangular plastic carrier lined with
fabric that removes dust particles.
Floppy disks are read and written by
a floppy disk drive (FDD)

14. Floppy Disk