Colonization Of The New Continent

Colonization Of The New Continent
Colonization of the new continent began as an attempt to build an upstanding Christian society that
led to the destruction of many thriving Native American societies, rationalized by what seemed like
religious significance. To illustrate the religious factors that led to conflicts between the early Euro–
American settlers and the Native Americans I will focus on the Puritans that settled in what is
known as Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, that was home to various native groups. To
understand why there was so much conflict between the settlers and the natives, it is important to
grasp how different both cultures were when it came to customs of living, war, and especially
religion. Long before the arrival of European settlers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was custom to destroy all the belongings of someone who died. (Mooney) Since Native
Americans were part of a collectivist culture, the idea of private property was not a concept they
were aware of (John Alexander). The Natives often lived in tribal confederacies with a chief. This
chief would govern the group along with subordinate helpers who were in charge of smaller groups.
Even though the chief positions were hereditary, unlike European Kings, Indian chiefs could only
become leaders when they earned public respect. The chiefs were in charge of leading negotiations,
hosting guests, and dealing with other leaders in respect to allocated land. The customs that Native
Americans had are an important factor that led to conflict between them and the European settlers
because the settlers did not really understand the function of the chiefs, most importantly regarding
land. Although European settlers introduced the natives to new technologies, they also
unintentionally exposed them to pathogens they did not have immunity against. These foreign
diseases decimated large portions of the Native American population. In addition to these diseases
and technologies, English Settlers also brought a new culture. Naturally, the individualistic culture
of the English Settlers and the collectivist culture of the Native Americans differed drastically and
were bound to clash. Rituals played a very important
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History Of The Ghost Dance
The Ghost Dance was a sign of hope for the Native American that they truly believed in. The fact
that many of them would dance till unconscious shows the determination and faith that the Native
Americans had in the hope of being free once again. Not many citizens in this day and age have
faith as strong as the Native Americans; which, can be quite disheartening at times. It is infuriating
how the government treated civil, non–threatening, cooperative human beings known as Native
Americans. In fact, those Native Americans were people that rightfully belonged to those native
lands. The general policy came across as not even seeing these people as actual human beings more
as an unwanted nuisance that could be controlled by means of arbitrary acts

Essay Differring Religions In Todays
Differring Religions
Each religious group possesses its' own individual world– view. Two groups, which vary a great
deal when reflecting upon their world–views are the Native Americans and the Puritans. While one
group holds one set of standards and beliefs to be true, the other group abides by a completely
opposite set of ideas. The Native American religion functions using its' own world –view. Unlike in
Western religions, the Native American religion does not have certain places in which they need to
be more religious than others do. In the Native American religion there is no notion of essential
monotheism. There is no one true god in their religion; therefore they are free to have open–ended
worship. The Native American religion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This entire reading explains why the French men have such a great hatred of the Native Americans,
however they will continue to try to convert the Native American people to Christian and Catholic
belief. Many of the world–views of the Native American religion are quite different from those of
the Puritans. The Puritan religion was once the central part of American identity. Unlike the Native
Americans, the Puritans were a highly intellectual group. They had systems of meticulously written
doctrines concerning the Renaissance. The Puritans also had a sense of adventure, which serves a
higher intent. By having this characteristic they seek to create a better society. This is the opposite of
what the French believed the Native Americans to be doing. According to the French reading " they
are wanderers, with nothing to attach them to a place, neither homes nor relationships, neither
possessions nor love of country." This description is on the opposite end of the spectrum from the
Puritan life. The Puritans attribute their want for a better society to their pioneering spirit. They had
the courage to come from England and settle their families in a new place and begin an entire new
life with no guarantee of success. Puritans focus their religious beliefs around the notion of the
covenant. This is yet another example of the difference between Puritan and Native American
world–views. The

Cultural Differences Between Native Americans And English...
The Englishmen were not the first settlers of the New World. Many years before both the Spanish
and the French had claimed parts of North America. England was only in it for land and money.
When the English settlers arrived they did not care about the Native Americans and had little desire
to accept their culture. The leaders of the colonies new they would need the help of the Natives to
survive. During the early years the settlers and Indians got along. The Native Americans would
provide food, clothing, and shelter in exchange for knives or hatchets. The Natives also taught them
to be competent. As the settlers increased their knowledge and started taking more of Natives land
the relationship between them began to diminish. Cultural differences became overwhelming as the
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Although many colonists wanted to be rid of the Natives not all of them thought the same way.
William Penn proposed a treaty promising of perennial friendship with the Lenni Lenape tribe in
Shackamaxon. The event is not recorded in original primary source documents, and its details as
well as its authenticity have been debated. Although the Puritans and the Quakers were separatists
seeking freedom in the New World, they suffered religious persecution within their own
communities. The main focus is the conflict of culture the Puritans and the Quakers experienced
when they were introduced to Native Americans. Both groups came to the New World because of
their disagreement with the Church of England. The Puritans believed the Church of England was in
need of purification because because they were adopting too many Catholic beliefs. The Quakers
wanted religious freedom for everyone. People were free to believe what they wanted. People from
all over Europe poured into their communities, seeking religious

How Did The San Francisco Mission De As�s?
San Francisco Mission de Asís
In the early 18th century, the San Francisco Mission de Asís was built by the Ohlone Indians (also
known as the Costanoans), who were natives of the San Francisco Bay Area. With the Spanish
entering their land, they had no choice but to please them. The Spanish explorers wanted land
specifically in Alta California, the only way for them to achieve this was through increasing their
population, allowing for greater representation. They desired to reach California before the Russian
fur traders and get a larger political say convincing the Native Americans to join their movement.
They figured out that having the native populations as their own could get the job done fast and
efficient. The Catholic Church established missions throughout California to get this job done. The
Spanish explorers' longing for power and land expansion in the new world conflicted the Ohlone
Indians by forcing them into slavery and taking their land, which eventually led to the loss of culture
and massive decrease in population.
When the Spaniards first came to California, the natives welcomed them with open arms, giving
them a limitless supply of food and keepsakes. Without resistance or rebellion, they were
welcoming and willing to share their successful establishment. With the Spanishs' desire to conquer,
they wooed the Indians by also presenting them gifts upon arrival, "The Spanish brought with them
wonders and miracles in the form of glass beads, cloth, and

Negative Effects Of The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange started in 1492 and was a network of trade. Native Americans shared
ideas, agriculture, firearms, animals, diseases and later slaves. The Columbian exchange is
responsible for introducing cattle, horses, chickens, and pigs into America. They also import
firearms to the new world. Before such weapons were proposed to Native Americans, they used
canes and sharpened sticks as weapons for defense and hunting. Although these may be seen as
positive effects of the exchange, it brought lethal diseases to the Native Americans as well. Measles,
influenza, and small pox just some of the illnesses that killed the majority of the Native American
population. The exchange brought fatal diseases killing the larger part of the populations, therefore
leading to a rise in slavery. The Columbian exchange introduced Native Americans to new
technology, agriculture and ideas, but also had the negative effect of almost wiping the population ...
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Christians believed that medieval era Christian Churches had become ungodly and nefarious. They
did not believe there was any need for a religious leader with great authority, such as the pope. They
also disagreed with the power the church was giving the priests, bishops and church doctrines.
These reformers held protests to show how they felt about the Church. The sought to correct the
faulty ways of the previous churches and became know as "protestants." The Renaissance is known
as the beginning of a modern world. It started in Italy in the fifteenth century. It is known as an
evolution in the arts and sciences. New art strayed away from strictly about religion and leaned
more towards nature and people. New technologies like firearms and the printing press were
invented. These inventions alone closed the separation between they royal and the poor classes.
Religion also changed due to reformers. The renaissance was an age of change and new

Precolonial Native Americans
In the precolonial era, an individual's identity was deeply rooted in their religious beliefs, if not a
direct product thereof. For example, the Native Americans, though separate and distinct, generally
viewed their entire world as sacred and significant and thus treated it as such (Goff & Harvey, 2004,
p. 7). Conversely, precolonial Europeans saw sanctity much more limitedly than the Native
Americans and, with the official religion being Christianity, were heavily reliant on an
institutionalized church and its clergy to attain deliverance (Goff & Harvey, 2004, p. 9). Like the
Native Americans, many West African tribes, which would soon be subjugated to the American
slave trade, had commonalities amid their various religious beliefs, mainly, that there was one
supreme god and many secondary gods. This theistic belief necessitated the worship of many deities
in attempt to gain favor (Goff & Harvey, 2004, p. 8). Though these precolonial people varied
greatly, their identities were all deeply embedded in their respective religions. ... Show more content
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They believed that everything, living and not, was sacred and interconnected to one another in one,
unified spiritual world (Goff & Harvey, 2004, pp. 7, 267). Therefore, they wasted nothing.
According to James German, "when a hunter killed an animal for food, religious prohibitions
against waste encouraged him to preserve its pelt" (Goff & Harvey, 2004, p. 267). To the Native
Americans, their identity was that they were of but one piece of a much greater spiritual world and
in order to live a fruitful life, they must live harmoniously with the other spirits of the

Ap Euro Dbq Christopher Columbus
American History: Document Based Question Christopher Columbus Date: 1493 Document: Letter
to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain This is a source of which the format is a letter being sent to
Europe by Columbus. The main idea of this passage is Christopher Columbus writing about [what
he thinks is India, but is really America] America and how they have an abundance of food, and how
they can take an advantage over the Indians or Native Americans. Antonio de Montesinos Date:
1511 Document: Sermon delivered in church This passages main idea is about a man named
Antonio de Montesinos, who stating how the Native Americans are being misused as the Spaniard's
slaves, and how they have mistreated and cheated them. For example the Europeans are trading ...
Columbus thinks that they can take full control of this land, it starts a tyranny with the Indians.
Columbus thinks that theses Indians need to work and that's the end, they shall have no holidays nor
and break, or even be baptized. Columbus states that, this land has abundance of food and shelter,
which was supposed to be reserved for nature and the Native Americans. Columbus would like to
trade trifles, which are little to of no value items, for valuable items with the Indians, so they can
sell them. Antonio de Montesinos on the other hands has noticed how Columbus and the Europeans
are mistreating the Indians and how they should be treated nicer. Antonio de Montesinos know that
the Native Americans are very innocent people. Antonio de Montesinos realizs that we shouldn't be
invading their land and they must live in peace. These Indians have no clue what their religion is,
and shouldn't they be baptized or have holidays on Sundays states Antonio de Montesinos. Antonio
de Montesinos says in the church that nature is being harmed, so the Indians are effected because
their world revolves around the

Is Peyote A Spirit, And A Gift From God Who They Call The...
All forms of Peyotism center around the belief that peyote is a spirit, and a gift from God who they
call the Great Spirit. The spirit empowers and connects us to our journey as people. Our lives are
transforming journeys and peyote is a tool that can help guide and direct it. "It gives the individual a
chance to re–evaluate their priorities. The head of the Peyote Way Church of God, which is a NAC
organization stated "Through the Holy Sacrament Peyote, the communicant experiences a loss of
selfishness and becomes aware of the god within." To native people, peyote is a way of life. It is a
ritual that has been established in their families for thousands of years. It can be compared to a
Catholics importance to baptism and communion, or a Muslims once in a lifetime trip to Mecca.
Also like most religions, there are special times and places to take part in spiritual events, which are
often called rituals. Rituals that take place in Peyotism can vary widely. Factors that contribute to
how ceremonies are run can include on the region of the organization, ethnic background of the
leaders of the organization, and legality issues surround the rituals taking place. The most popular
two ceremonies practiced in the Native American Church include the "half moon" fireplace and the
"crossfire" fireplace. The major differences between the ceremonies are the use of tobacco and the
emphasis of Christianity. The crossfire fireplace ceremony condemns the use of tobacco, and uses
the

Virgin Of Guadalupe Essay
The Virgin of Guadalupe is a syncretic figure between the Spanish and Indian cultures because, for
one, the Virgin of Guadalupe is the symbolic mother, which rest between humans and God, in both
the Spanish and Indian cultures. When the Spanish came to America in efforts to try and conquer the
Native Americans, but failed to do so in the end, they began converted many of the Indians into their
religion, Catholicism. Since mostly all Native Americans were converted into Catholicism by the
time the Spanish had left, due to the Pueblo Revolt, the Virgin of Guadalupe had become the Indians
Native American Mother. With many of the Virgin of Guadalupe's features, for instance, her brown
skin representing characteristics of the natives. Just as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It started when controversy, caused by the people of England, erupted regarding the Old church on
politics, religion, and persecution. The Old Church of England believed that they helped people get
to heaven by having masses for their souls. Protestants believed that there shouldn't be a church tied
to civil power, but in the 16th century a church with civil power was very important. Fueling the
Protestants were Martin Luther, a German monk, and John Calvin, a French ceric and lawyer, who's
efforts helped over throw the Old Church of England. In 1534, once Henry VIII was denied divorce
from his wife by the Old Church of England he decided to create a new church, the Church of
England. Henry VIII then placed himself at the head of the church, replacing the Catholic Pope of
Rome. This became the official state religion in which all the protestants of England joined. The
Church of English was very power saying that the Old Church of England had no power because
God had all the power and humans had none, so only he decided if we would reach heaven. Even
though the Church of England didn't believe in the Old Church of England ways they still had many
things in common with them. For example, stain glass, bishops, priest, decans, cathedrals and
choirs. Protestants were upset and being to feel that the Church of England was converting back to
the ways of the

Native American Relationship In Aguirre : The Wrath Of God
Following the successes of Hernan Cortes with his conquest of the Mexica–Aztec Empire of Mexico
and Francisco Pizzaro with his conquest of the Inka Empire in the Andean Region of South
America, many other Conquistadors embarked upon expeditions to discover and conquer wealthy
Native American civilizations. Among this new wave of conquistadors was Lope de Aguirre who
accompanied an expedition led by Gonzalo Pizarro, a brother of Francisco Pizarro, to find the lost
city of gold known as El Dorado. The film Aguirre: The Wrath of God is a work of historical fiction
that provides additional insight into the motives and behaviors of the Spanish and Aguirre during
this expedition, Spanish–Native American Relations, Spanish–African slave relations, the status of
role of women within colonial society, the role of the Catholic Church within Spanish society, and
the nature of Spanish society within the context of Aguirre's excursion. Aguirre: The Wrath of God
provides insight into the desire for a wealth of gold and glory by the Spanish when undergoing these
harsh expeditions, the abuse and subservience Native Americans were subjected to by the Spanish
Conquistadors, the African slaves served the Spaniards and had to complete exhausting and
humiliating work, the inferiority of women compared to Spanish men and how easily they were
dismissed by Spanish men, the desire for not only conversion but gold and wealth for the Catholic
Church by allowing the Conquistadors to commit atrocities in the New World, and the Spaniard
belief in the righteousness of their conquests in the New World due to the successful Reconquest of
Iberia from the Moors. The motives and behaviors of Spaniards on expeditions to El Dorado and
other large and wealthy Native American civilizations are accurately represented in Aguirre: The
Wrath of God because the Spaniards in the movie and factual Spanish explorers of the New World
were searching for fortunes of gold and widespread fame and were willing to do anything to achieve
these goals. A couple of scenes in the film exemplify the Spaniards search for gold and glory the
first was when the Spaniards encounter a Native American with gold so they rip the gold chain off
his neck and interrogate him to

Peyote Pros And Cons
nationwide ban of peyote, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah had already made its use illegal (Maroukis,
4). In the town of El Reno, Oklahoma, in August of 1918, members of several tribes from around
the state joined together. Members of Arapaho, Caddo, Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Kiowa–
Apaches, Oto, and Ponca tribes were all present to converse about their religious freedom being
stripped from every one of them (Maroukis, 3). Together, they configured a plan to defend their faith
and practice their religion. On October 10th of 1918, the government granted the formation of the
Native American Church of Oklahoma, or the NAC. Thus, the right to use peyote in religious
ceremony, protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. The amendment
clearly states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting
the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances"
(Markouis, 7). The Native American Church was only state and locally recognized until 1955, to
then be known as the Native American Church of North America. Unfortunately, this was only the
beginning to a long road of defending their religious rights (Markouis, 11). ... Show more content on
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It was not only viewed as medicine, but also as a grandiose teacher. The peyote religion taught its
disciples a moral and conscientious way of life. On top of the crescent mound, there is a carved line
symbolizing the Peyote Road. In other words, the righteous path that everyone in the peyote faith
should follow. In 1918, the original Native American Church compare their set of moral beliefs to
Christianity stating, "Christian religion with the practice of peyote sacrament." Extremely similar in
values, peyote religion was founded upon ideas of peace, charity, responsibility, integrity, hard
work, and

Native American Catholic Church
The catholic church was a big a part of everyone during the days of the medieval times. Including
the Spanish and Native Americans. Plus the catholic church was the only church during this time
period. The Spanish king commanded priests to convert the local people to the Christian faith. Some
Native Americans combined Spanish customs with their own and other rejected Spanish ideas
completely.
The church was a major political force during this point of time. Kings and Queens needed papal
approval, especially when there was a lot of conflict going on. This allowed the church to to use
political power as it could help them solve and determine which claimants to a throne would be
accepted. There were a long history and a lot tension between the church and secular authority over
this and other political issues. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He said that the Spanish should try to convert Native Americans to Christianity by showing them
love, gentleness, and kindness. The Spanish monarchs agreed, but the colonists did not always
follow their laws.
It was felt to have a monopoly on the church and it basically meant that they could control of who
went to heaven or hell. This made a huge impact on people's lives and made more people go to the
church. The catholic church played a lot of huge roles back in the day and still does to this

Serra's Canonization
As Serra's canonization may have come as a moment of deep pride for Latinos and Catholic alike, it
was obviously also a source of great controversy for many Native Americans. They have since
grown weary of the deception and the corruption on the part of many different outfits of the Catholic
Church. In one particularly angering case from 1986, the Catholic Diocese of Monterey, California,
where Father Serra is buried, released a report that found no evidence of Native American
mistreatment. Despite the utter lack of respect and false research from that report, there are also
proponents of the Church who have acknowledged Serra's crimes against Native Americans, both
then and now. However, this doesn't come without a catch that still keeps ... Show more content on
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The acceptance and even glorification of his 'good deeds' also played an immense role. Many have
touted Serra as a champion for Native American rights despite the clear historical evidence
supporting the idea that he was a forceful evangelizer who saw himself and the Spanish as superior
beings to the Native Americans. Although many say Serra was better than most missionaries of his
time, it still doesn't account for all the heinous crimes he committed. Robert M. Senkewicz, a
history professor at Santa Clara University rightfully said that while Serra represented "the softer
side of Spanish colonialism," he still actively participated in a system in which "violence and
coercion were an integral part." One could argue that the only real reason why this historical
narrative hasn't been rightfully rewritten is that its roots are in a religious institution. Not just any
institution, the Catholic church yields power and influence on a global scale. Yet again, we see the
presence of both an oppressor as well as the oppressed. The Catholic Church has been viewed as the
'defender of all that is right and just' throughout history because it claims that many of its unholy
actions were carried out in the name of God. As we study history to make sense of the present, we
can often become naïve, accepting 'facts' at face value. With that said, we form 'silences' just like in
the historical narrative

Cultural Differences Between European And Native Americans
The cultural difference between the Europeans and Native Americans caused many clashes that led
into destruction of land and the people. The culture differences led to a bloodshed in the war of
Captivity which resulted in the Native American to migrate west into the European culture. The
European Americans believed in and followed the practices of a monarchy government. They
believed in commitment to the King or Queen of England and that one person holds all the power
and total sovereignty until they die or give up their position. However, the Native Americans held to
a more tribal form of government, they governed themselves and they helped each other out but
they didn't have a central ruler. There are a large number of tribes within the Native American
culture and they all have slightly different beliefs. Some native groups were oriented more towards
hunting and gathering and depended on the spirits to help them find what they were out to look for.
Other groups were more agricultural and looked for spirits to provide good weather for cropping.
Although, they had different beliefs all of them established an animistic worldview and they had
many things in common. After the Europeans moved to the new world the population expanded over
time but due to the illnesses and diseases many people died. Most Native Americans believed in
God who was responsible for creating the world. They praised and worshiped him but they also
believed that there were other spirits which were able

The Spanish And English Colonies
Though North America was first explored by Europeans when Nordic people settled in modern–day
Canada circa the 11th century, widespread colonization of the North American continent did not
truly occur until the arrival of Spanish explorers four centuries later. English explorers quickly
followed the Spanish to the New World and, though each group of colonists faced similar issues, the
two colonies handled life in North and Central America quite differently. The Spanish and English
colonies were generally the same in regard to their treatment of Native Americans while
significantly different when examining the role of the European government on their colonies '
leadership in addition to their diverse economic foundations. The Spanish and English colonies were
extremely similar, nearly identical even, in that each gave little respect to the religious origins and
customary living of the Native Americans. The Spanish colonists were the first to arrive in the New
World in the late 1400s, and, upon arrival, launched cultural attacks on the Native Americans.
Spanish friars began stripping indigenous people of their native religion and forcing European
practices onto the masses. The Reconquista of Spain from the Moors fabricated a very close
relationship between the Roman Catholic church and Spanish authorities. Because the church now
held so much power in Spain, Catholic leaders were able to send friars along on the government
funded expeditions to the New World. The church

Essay about Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima
Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima
The portrait of Mexican Americans is layered in shades of ambivalence. Aside from the fact there is
evidence that they can not really be classified as a migratory culture in that the land where they tend
to migrate once belonged to Mexico, they can also lay an earlier claim to the land as Native
Americans. The Spanish Europeans who settled in the area that became Mexico evolved as the
dominant culture over the oral culture of the Native Americans. Nevertheless, there is evidence of
ambivalence among the Native Americans to the dominant culture of the Spanish in what is
arguably one of the Mexico's basic texts, the story of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of
Guadalupe in 1531. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legend says that a child who cries in the womb will be given the "Don" and become a curandera.
"Don" means the gift from God.
(La Curandera 1).
Therein lies the contradiction of the curandera, she cannot be categorized as only a pagan icon, in
that curandera has respect for and practices the religion of Catholicism along with her healing
(Blessed or Evil). Similar to the Virgin of Guadalupe, the character of Ultima, a curandera, defies
easy classification as either of the native or dominant culture. The myth of the Miraculous
Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531 and Bless Me Ultima arise as cultural narratives of
ambivalence, with elements of both resistance and assimilation in their characters, which elude
definition by dominant culture's standards.
Juan Diego, the native peasant to whom the Virgin of Guadalupe appears, and Antonio Marez, the
young boy who is to become an apprentice of sorts to Ultima, exhibit similar ambivalence, with one
important distinction. Juan Diego becomes more enmeshed with the dominant culture as a result of
his experience by becoming a life long proponent of the Catholic faith (Blessed Juan). Antonio, on
the other hand, seems to veer away from the ideal of the Church as he questions its true power in
certain matters of spirituality.
When Antonio's uncle becomes very ill under the curse laid by the Trementina sisters, known
"brujas"

European Contributions : Natives, And Civilization Of...
The Natives were a diverse group of people meaning hundreds of different and unique languages
were spoken and various distinct cultures and societies were spread across the land. Agriculture
included maize, squash and beans which were vital for their survival. In comparison to the
Europeans, the natives lagged in technological advancement. Due to lack of guns, metal tools and
machines, the Europeans use this as a justification for European conquest.
Natives traded across North America or Cahokia near present–day St. Louis. Western Indians
establish villages in present day south–western the United States. They also created irrigation
systems for maize, beans and cotton, which were very advanced agricultural techniques. Great plain
Indians were mainly hunters due to the dry environment that they lived in. On the Eastern side of
North America, there was a mixture of hunting and agriculture for Native Americans. There was
also the Great League of Peace, where five Iroquois nation attempted to bring stability and peace to
their land.
Native Americans mainly practiced animism, a belief that objects and animals all possess spiritual
qualities. Shaman, medicine men and spiritual leaders held great power. Many Europeans believed
that this practice was absurd and that they needed to convert Natives to Christianity. Furthermore,
Natives view of land was vastly different from the European's. Natives viewed the land as a
common resource while the Europeans viewed it as individual

Relationships Among Natives And Europeans
Grecia Loya
United States History
April 14, 2015 Relationships among the Natives and Europeans
The stories regarding the Native Americans and European settlers all commence somewhat similar:
the Natives welcome and help sustain the Europeans in the start. They become an instrumental piece
to the European survival in the Americas. The relationship starts to change, however, as settlers
grow independent. In some instances, when there is only personal gain to be acquired, the
relationship becomes a simple trade relationship. In other instances, relationships between the
Native Americans and Europeans evolve into a drastic feud driven by European imperialistic ideas
to impose political, religious and cultural law on the Natives. England has conquered many
territories and established colonies throughout history. In this English form of colonization, it is
clear that there is an obvious mission to intrude into native customs and force their own. They
utilize the purest form of imperialism– to strip others of their customs and replace it with ones own
in order to expand glory and gain for a nation. The English colonists seeked to expand and establish
English ideas into foreign cultures. In the case with the Native Americans, the English did not see
the Native Indians as equals in anyway possible. They did not acknowledge their religion,
particularly because it was not Christian based, nor their law system, since it was not related to
church based laws. Wherever

Contrast The Spanish And English Colonies From 1492 To 1700
In a time when Native Americans occupied present–day America, the Age of Exploration began in
Spain, and the Puritans who disagreed with the Church of the England fled to a place where the
Puritans could practice their faith without scrutiny. It is in this context that the Native Americans
used to dominate the New World until the Spanish founded New Spain for Gold, God, and Glory.
The English explorers who settled in the New World after being persecuted in England and to make
profit this caused conflict with the natives eventually leading to the French and Indian War. The
Spanish and English colonies that settled between 1492 and 1700 were significantly different in the
way the two different groups used religion to determine what happened ... Show more content on
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Admittedly, there was a difference in the way the Spanish and English lead to the Native Americans
downfall. The Spanish Friars forcibly convert the indigenous people with the mission system going
as far as to kidnap a Native America to convert him to Catholicism. The English converted the
natives using Praying towns which were completely optional and did not force the Native American
to work for the colonist. This difference occurred because the Spanish Friars and the conquistadors
were more focused on getting labor out of the natives while the English settlers mainly wanted to
save the indigenous people, who the English colonists thought were savage and doomed. On the
other hand, there was similarity in the way the Spanish and English forced the Native Americans to
war after attacking their religion and taking their land. The way the Spanish used the encomienda
system. This was a system set up by the Spanish king in which he lent out land to conquistadors to
make profit by using anything that was on the land including people. This was under the condition
that the conquistadors protected and converted the indigenous people on their land. The Spanish
used this to justify the need to extract labor and resources from the Native Americans who inhabited
the New World. The English used the way the Spanish treated the natives as a guide on how the

Peyote And The Native American Church. Peyote Is A Narcotic
Peyote and the Native American Church Peyote is a narcotic cactus plant that has been used in both
religious and healing ceremonies of Native Americans for thousands of years. Peyote is considered
safe by a majority of Native Americans, but also vastly important to their religious heritage. Not
only is it considered historically important but the use of peyote is central to many beliefs of modern
Pan–Indianism. Interestingly, the more popular peyote became among Native American tribes, the
more of a concern it became to the US Government and this strange correlation of tribe use vs.
government concern forces us to ask why peyote has become such a central point of conflict. This
essay will attempt to answer that question and show why the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Quanah Parker, the credited founder of the Native American Church, adopted the peyote religion
after he suffered a near death experience fighting federal troops. He claims that Jesus Christ came to
him and told him that he needed to take the peyote religion to the Indian Peoples to atone for his
many killings and misdeeds (Toquerville). The establishment of the Native American Church
allowed the use of peyote for religious uses and for many it provided a powerful alternative to both
ancient tribal religions and missionary–controlled versions of Christianity which caused it spread
like wildfire across tribes (Fikes). Faced with the suppression of many traditional rituals from the
US Government, many Native Americans took solace in peyote ceremonies because they took place
quietly and they were protected under the law (Toquerville). It was not just Native Americans that
took part in these ceremonies. In 1956, Saskatoon Star Phoenix featured an article in which white
men experienced peyote rites and one of the observers remarked that peyote ceremonies offer a
tremendous religious experience that intensify the awareness of God. He also said that they provide
an enormous cohesive force for the American Indian when they have had nothing to unify behind in
a long time (Dyck). Just like all other Native

An Analysis Of Benjamin Franklin's Remarks Concerning The...
Published in 1784, Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America, by Benjamin Franklin,
explains the division between how the Native Americans were thought of by the European settlers,
and indeed, this essay applies to how they are often thought of today. Even though the Europeans
thought the natives were uneducated savages, Franklin points out ways they were actually more
civilized than the Europeans. An interesting point made in the essay was what the Americans were
learning from both church and school. Franklin uses an example of a time when the Native
Americans sent a couple of young people to be educated at a white college. The students learned to
be academically smart, but when they came home, they were "bad Runners, ignorant of every means
of living in the woods...they were totally good for nothing" (Franklin 928). After that experience,
they were very resistant to send more natives. Those students lost valuable skills on surviving in the
wild and even part of their culture. The speaker also says at the end of his speech, "If the Gentlemen
of Virginia will send us a Dozen of their Sons, we will take great Care of their Education, instruct
them in all we know, and make Men of them" (928). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once a week everyone would stop what they were doing "to hear and learn good Things" (930). A
native wanted to sell his beaver skin to a white merchant, but he only would take a low offer. The
merchant went to the church and came out to say, "I cannot give so much," and lowered the offer
(930). The native realized the good Things they learn in church are actually teaching them how to
"cheat Indians in the Price of Beaver" (930). Un–American cultures are often treated unfairly, even
though they deserve the exact same as everyone else. Americans sometimes think we can get away
by cheating them off, but we should know better because they know exactly how we might be
treating

Muscogee Creek Nation
Since the arrival of Americans, the Muscogee Creek Nation has changed tremendously. We no
longer dress up in head dresses and make sacrifices, but we do try our best to preserve and teach our
culture and heritage. Today the Creek Nation is still an organized community with a leader,
meetings, rituals, and a language.
Creek Indians can be found in many places today, and there is no definite way to tell that one is of
the creek descent except by their blood. To declare yourself as a creek citizen you must first be able
to "trace back to a direct ancestor listed on the 1906 Dawes Roll" ("Muscogee"). As the creek
heritage passes from generation to generation a degree of blood is also passed down. To be
considered a member of the Creek Nation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my own family, many of the traditions we continue to celebrate and do would not have been
passed on if it was not for the closeness of our family. My mother can make many native foods from
growing up around her grandmother such as traditional Creek Fry bread; things that I know I will
one day pass on to my children. I can still remember my great grandmother teaching my sister and I
how to do traditional basket weaving, a tradition still taught in classes at the Creek Nation today.
"Basket–weaving is one of the oldest known Native American crafts" and shows the diversity of
tribes as the different styles of basket–weaving are still present today (Lollman). If families did not
pass on our heritage, many of our native songs and dances performed at powwows would not be
around to see or reenact today. Ultimately all of the traditions we have today would not be here if it
was not for the families passing their knowledge and memories down.
Another way that many creek families have kept their culture alive is by still having traditional
Indian burials and funerals. I recently had the chance to observe this type of funeral for the first
time. From this experience I noticed many traditions that I had not known or even seen before. In
the creek community according to Cheri Lollman, a death is seen as a "great accomplishment" in
life, because they are now in a better place. Viewing of the body for my great– grandmother, like in
many other

Massacre at Deerfield
Clash of Cultures: The Deerfield Massacre
Amanda Collier
HIS/110
December 10, 2012
Mark Hoffman
Clash of Cultures: The Deerfield Massacre
It was a cold winter of 1704 and an English settlement that was in the mid Connecticut River valley,
became a place for a great intercultural, international conflict. Deerfield was raided by French and
Native forces in an ongoing struggle with the English for control of native lands and resources.
Native American peoples; French, English, and Africans; soldiers, ministers, farmers and traders;
men, women, and children; they were all affected by these conflicts. Deerfield had been prepared
for this attack as they had gotten word that it might happen. They had soldiers and a fortress ...
The scene is horrible, bodies lay on the ground killed by guns, hatchets, and knives even war clubs
all just beyond words. The bodies on the ground are not the only ones they find, in the houses they
find much more. Some that hid in the cellars died as they were trapped in the fire. Mothers, fathers
and children burned and smothered in what they thought would be safe.
There were ones that were wounded that needed to be looked after as well and these were the lucky
ones. There is tales of others like the young couple whose home was so small that the snow covered
it and it could not be seen and a woman who hid under an overturned tub. These stories are not
bound by evidence but by stories being passed down and is to interesting to overlook when telling
the story.
The living, the wounded, and the escaped of Deerfield had to get on with life. Tradition says that
there was a mass burial in the town cemetery a sorrowful task for all that survived.
In the weeks and months that passed groups of men began arriving from other towns. All debating
whether or not they should go after the captives and retake them. All agreed that if they did this they
would surly kill all especially the Reverend and his family.
As this is going on the captives and the captors and trudging through the wilderness on the way to
Canada. Suffering is happening will

How Did Europeans Contact With Native Americans
Was Contact with Europeans catastrophic for Native Americans? Be Specific The first contact
between Europeans and the Americans transpired when Christopher Columbus arrived in America in
1492. After five years when he first stepped on American soil, many other European explorers
started to visit America as well. At this point, the Europeans did not settle on a permanent basis.
Their reason for traversing to America was to find new routes for trade. One of the trade items
between Europeans and Native Americans was fresh meat that Europeans took in exchange of their
products in the quest to change their diet after long periods of sailing on the sea. Some of the trade
items that the Native Americans were interested in from the Europeans included ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Europeans brought about diseases that initially never transpired in the Native Americans
communities. Indian [Native Americans] population of 10 million that lived north of Mexico when
Columbus came would ultimately be reduced to less than a million. Huge numbers of Indians would
the from diseases introduced by the whites. (Zinn 14). An example of such was smallpox associated
with a Spanish called Herman Cortes and his army when they came to America in 1521. Europeans
were also responsible for bringing about other diseases such as influenza and measles to healthy
Native Americans. Contact with Europeans increased warfare with the Native Americans. This was
because of increased populations and the competition for the resources. The natives resorted to war
since they felt robbed of their land. The warfare came with many deaths as the Europeans wanted to
take over and dominate the entire homeland. To conclude, the contact between the Europeans and
the Native Americans did not have consequential benefits to the Native Americans when compared
with the negative impact. It is because the native population was diminished sharply due to the
warfare, diseases and even deracination of Native Americans from their homeland. The negative
impact that Europeans' entrance brought about was far less beneficial compared to their constructive
influences like introduction of education and

Difference between the Spanish Settlement of the Southwest...
During the 17th century, many nations started settling all throughout North America. Spanish
conquistadors claimed much of the Southwest, while England began to occupy the Northeast. The
Spanish and English colonies varied in terms of the impact of religion and control of the economy.
The Spanish and English colonies varied in terms of religion such as immigration and opinions on
salvation. Starting in the late 1500s and early 1600s, conquistadors such as Vasco Nunuez de Balboa
and Herman Cortes of the Spanish empire first started to make their way into the New World.
Known for their mantra, "Gold, Glory, God", the main reason for their expansion was for power and
wealth. In the Spanish church, the Pope decided who went to Heaven. This ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In exchange, the encomendero could force the Native Americans to pay tribute in forms of bullion
and labor. Eventually, the native people began to die off from the harsh labor and foreign diseases
that the Spanish brought from Spain. The Native Americans rejected Spanish control and returned to
their customs. Angered by this, the Spanish captured 46 Pueblo leaders, which started the Pueblo
Revolt. After years of fighting, the Spanish regained control. In New England, relationships with
local Native Americans started out peaceful. The Native Americans and settlers of New England
began to trade with each other. Native Americans, who were used to their elementary weapons,
acquired better weapons from the Europeans. This once beneficiary exchange between the two
cultures eventually grew tense. As years went on and more settlers came to America, conflicts arose.
An agreement formed between Dutch settlers of New York and the English settlers of New England
about the division of the Pequot lands. When no immediate decisions were reached of who would
gain the land, New Englanders started to settle in the area without notice. The Pequot took this
unplanned invasion as a form of attack, and fought back. After a series of attacks, New England
called for reinforcements from allies. By joining forces with Plymouth and the Narragansett people,
the English gained control

The Differences Between The Spanish And Colonial Economic...
Reese Jacobs
History 10–1 H
The Spaniards believed that their interactions with indigenous people was one that accurately
reflected the love of Christ. Using the information gained from section four and additional sources,
do you believe the previous statement to be true? Be sure to write about the colonial social structure,
the colonial economic system, and the colonial state and church. Also, include bible verses to
support your argument. Be sure to include two additional sources to support your claim. Honors
please have four sources.
WH 10 Ch. 17 Essay In the sixteenth century, both Spain and Portugal established enormous
colonial empires around the world. Spain ruled most of South America and parts of Central America
and North America. Portugal primarily ruled the country of Brazil. These lands of Central and South
America became known as Latin America. The Spaniards and Portuguese rulers, in my opinion, did
not reflect the love of Christ through their interactions with the indigenous people. The colonial
social structure, colonial economic system and the colonial state and church implemented by the
new rulers as well as their interactions with the indigenous people will support my opinion. With the
establishment of colonial Latin America, the rulers decided to create a colonial social structure that
divided people into social classes based on status. The three primary social classes included the
peninsulares, creoles, and the multi–racial groups of indigenous people.

Native Americans and Peyote Use Essay
For better or worse, many societies of the modern world tolerate certain methods of self–
intoxication. Despite the possibility of negative consequences, all the cultures of the world the
consumption of substances like alcohol and tobacco are sanctioned under particular circumstances.
All societies face the reality that significant proportions of mankind seek to the same time expressly
criminalizing others. This irony is made more bizarre by the evidence that a myriad of rich cultural
timelines can supply to demonstrate that there is reasonable historical precedence in existence to
show the use of alternative forms of drugs being cultivated and utilized.(McKenna) The concept of
an individual person deliberately changing their perception ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By contrast, if the same group had discovered and ingested some hallucinogenic mushrooms, they
would be compelled to confront and would surely have discussed and attempted to understand the
nature of their otherworldly mushroom–induced encounters. Assuming that their neurochemistry
was not so different from ours today, those occurrences would have been well beyond the bounds of
their everyday experiences and vocabulary. They could easily have concluded that these plants were
the residences of divinities or other spiritual forces. (Nichols) Not soon after the first Europeans set
foot on American soil at the end of the fifteenth century, they began take note with varying degrees
of fascination and revulsion of a strange indigenous custom psychedelic plant ritual. They were later
to recognize this occurrence as an indispensable aspect of aboriginal religion and ritual in many
parts of the New World. Intoxication by certain plants were ascribed supernatural powers by
indigenous people. Hallucinations and the experience of Peyote are seen as not only a cosmic
experience, but also a personal reflection life and its many lessons as well. The "Psychedelic"
Peyote is a species of cactus that grows in regions of the southwestern United States and northern
Mexico. It is most well–known for

Analysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales Essay
Most people have experienced an event in their lifetime that has caused them to develop trust issues,
and many of which will never overcome this lack of trust in others. There is a specific reason for
this, and it all begins with the issue at hand itself, trust. Everyone with trust issues has been wronged
and used relating to their trust in another person. They were betrayed by someone they never
imagined could hurt them. As a recent song created by the rock group Phish has reverberated, "Each
betrayal begins with trust." Betrayal has been a common theme in all forms of literature since time
began and is a part of being a social being, humans, that we simply cannot avoid. Where there is a
relay of trust, there is an individual willing to extort it. Just as though some individuals will exploit
power wherever they can find it in order to better themselves, others will exploit trust to better
themselves. This first exploit of trust can be found within Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
While the whole entire work exposes corruptions within the Catholic Church during Chaucer's time,
the breaking of trust is actually demonstrated within the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale. At the end of
the Pardoner's tale, he offers the pilgrimage relics, for a fee of course. However, at the prologue of
the Pardoner's tale, the Pardoner himself has explained how the Catholic Church and other fellow
pardoners and church officials sell relics which are no more than normal items given with a

Religion in Latin America; the Age of Discovery and...
Religion played a big role in shaping the values, attitudes, and conduct of the Spanish during the
Age of Discovery and Conquest (1492–1579). The colonial church provided control and a standard
of conduct and living for the new world. In fact, the colonial church had even more power in
Spanish America then it did in Spain. Why this is important though, is because it limited the
possibility of rebellion and opposition. As long as the church was in place, there was Spanish order,
and as long as there was Spanish order, the colonization process could continue to run smoothly and
prosper. Nurtured by the crown, the colonial church thrived. Its main priorities were to convert the
Indians, and to theoretically justify the Iberian presence in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The conversion process did not go on without a hitch though, throughout the new world
missionaries had many obstacles to overcome. The first problem they ran into was the vast number
of native languages they encountered. Another is the scattered geographical locations of many
tribes, because there wasn't an easy pattern to follow, Christianity and conversion could not spread
as rapidly as they would've liked it to. A third way in which the conversion was more difficult than
intended, was when they came across native religions that shared some of the same beliefs, although
it helped that some basic ideologies were already in place, it was much harder for Christianity to be
seen as new and unique. Unlike the original settlers, evangelicals who traveled to convert did not
show the same respect for the indigenous g–ds; the Christian g–d was to stand alone. The native
religions were destructed very systematically; natives who practiced their religions instead of
converting were also prosecuted, and many times by the priests themselves. In these areas of
evangelical settlers who would conquest throughout Latin America, laws were even put in place to
ensure the practicing of Christianity. As declared by Prudence, the law dictated that "Natives,
whatever their private beliefs, publicly comply with their conqueror's religion" (Burkholder &
Johnson 109). So much for separation of church and state– in the Age of Discovery and Conquest,

Some of the Puritan Beliefs that Led to Tensions,...
Some of the Puritan Beliefs that Led to Tensions, Conflicts, and Concerns among the Colonists
and/or Native Americans
The Puritans were a distinct group of individuals who performed religious actions. They emerged
within the England church in the mid–16th century. These people shared a conjoint Calvinist
theology as well as the common Anglican Church criticisms and the English government and
society. The Puritans' population grew steadily, hence culminating in the 1640s English Civil War
and the Oliver Cromwell rule of the 1640s.
Owing to the restoration of the Stuart Monarchy, this culture continued to eclipse with England in a
large extent since the movement had been cited as the radicalism and disturbance related to the Civil
War ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1), '"A Model of Christian Charity," Puritans in Massachusetts were placed "as a city upon a hill" to
create a model of success and prosperity that would light the way for the rest of humankind."'
The Puritans believed that the Almighty had chosen them to create a New Jerusalem in Eden, the
Promised Land and took this as a calling that they shouldn't have failed in. these people were
received well with enthusiasm and were discovered to believe in ways that were parallel to those of
the Europeans. They also held that the supreme God both tested and favored them. In their
teachings, the devil's description was that of a tormentor and a tempter, who tirelessly worked in
attempt to disorient them. However, they were encouraged to always be ready for him and defeat
him so as to receive God's promise, eternal salvation.
Religion played a significant role in the Native American Society as well as the Puritan Society even
though both of them believed in varied ideologies. The Puritan people believed that had selected a
few people to join in heaven and live with him. On the other hand, the Natives had a belief that all
of us were the same in the eyes of God and no one was greater than the other. These two groups had
their meanings propagated in a very much contrasting manner.
The Puritans' bible gave details of their religion and also had responses to all possible questions. On
the other hand, the Native Americans depended on the oral propagation of their

Four Model Patterns Of Interaction Among The Racial And...
1. Define the patterns of interaction: Our sociologist has described four model patterns of interaction
among the racial and ethnic in our society. They consist of pluralism, assimilation, segregation and
genocide. Pluralism is based on when people of different social classes, religions and races are
together in a society but have different traditions and interest. There are different real life examples
of pluralism that goes on around the world. An example of real life pluralism would be that in the
United States have many cities that have areas that are known for Little Italy or Chinatown. Those
people from that country are still able to keep their cultural tradition. Assimilation is "a process
through which a minority group forsakes its cultural traditions and adopts those of a dominant group
in society" (Tweedell, 2003, 2010, p.185). Example of this would be that many people see the
United States has the "melting pot" because all of the different nationality blending together. On the
other hand, we have segregation. Segregation refers to the separation of differing racial groups and
ethnicities by law, guaranteeing that the majority group in society will have the most dominance.
Prior to the civil rights movement, segregation was very prevalent. Blacks could not even use the
same restroom or water fountain as whites. Although segregation is now illegal in the United States,
segregation still exists in terms of housing, job opportunities, etc. The last of the four

Dbquois Vs Americas
1. European vs. Native concepts of land ownership: Europeans believed that land was to be
privately held and that it represented one's status and wealth. On the other hand, Native Americans
believed that the land had sacred qualities that should be held in common. For example, the Iroquois
share almost everything with their community. The Iroquois valued their community over
themselves. European vs. Native concepts of purpose of trade: Europeans saw trade mostly as an
exchange of goods that often helped both parties as well as creating beneficial friendly relationships
with each other. Trade for Native Americans; however, was meant to continue the reliance of
communities and individuals on each other along with a proper balance between ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Catholics needed a safe place to worship their religion and Chesapeake gave them an opportunity to
do this. The New England colonies allowed the Puritans to spread their religion. Both groups of
colonies were also eager to explore the Americas and become wealthy off of the land. Chesapeake
colonies focused mostly on tobacco farming because Virginia had the perfect environment for it and
it made them a lot of money. Almost everyone in the Chesapeake colony was involved in some way
in tobacco farming. In New England, people focused on fishing, farming and timbering. They too
relied heavily on the land for their economy. 7. John Winthrop: Winthrop led a movement that
brought about 18,000 colonizers to New England. He had a great education, which he received at
Cambridge and the Inns of Court. He worked on a charter from the king to the Puritan–controlled
Massachusetts Bay Company. William Bradford: Bradford came to the Americas on the Mayflower
in 1620. He led the survivors of the Mayflower and ended up settling at Plymouth. This group
quickly encountered many fights with Native

Compare And Contrast Langston Hughes And African Americans
The painting's message that Native Americans were accepting of Catholicism and French rule after
the French arrived is, as partially explained above, reinforced by the house and the church and the
clothing of the Native American. The house and the church being built in the same style in the (what
I'm assuming would be a larger village that simply isn't depicted) village shows that the Native
Americans accepted Catholicism into their everyday lives; the clothing being worn by the Native
American is decorated by the same French fleur–de–lis symbol present on the French Queen's
garment, and in conjunction with the Native American's kneeling, shows that they accepted French
rule. Essentially, the above items communicate that the Native Americans

Essay about Peyote and Native American Culture
Peyote and Native American Culture
Peyote was originally described in 1560, however it was not until the middle of the nineteenth
century that botanists were able to conduct field research and correctly classify the cactus
(Anderson, 1980). Field studies have concluded that there are two distinct populations of peyote
which represent two species. The first and most common, Lophophora williamsii extends from
southern Texas reaching south to the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi. The second and least
common of the two species is Lophophora difusa, which occurs in the dryer terrain of the Mexican
state of Queretaro. This species differs from the more common species by, "being yellowish–green
rather than blue green in color, by lacking any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also it should be noted that depending on the tribe or group leader, elements of Christianity figure
prominently through the ceremony (www. peyote. net). The majority of the peyotism practiced in
the United States can be identified with the Native American Church (NAC). There are many
divisions of the NAC, and each chapter is composed of several auxiliary chapters or moons, Each
chapter has officers who are trained to carry out the various tasks associated with the peyote
ceremony. The most prominent position is that of Road Chief who is responsible for governing the
main elements of the meeting as well as leading the participants down "The Peyote Road" or the
way of learning to live life well (www.peyote.net), There are other offices held in the ceremony
such as Cedar Man, Fire Man, Drum Man, and Earth Mother, and while many chapters have their
own variances of the ceremony, many share common ceremonial elements along with the adherence
to the practice of avoiding alcohol, devotion to family, and general moral living (www.peyote.net).
The ritualistic practice of peyote and shamanism, are commonly linked, however in the case of the
Mescalero Apache Tribe the use of peyote in shaman rites had anything but a transcendental effect
which eventually lead to the abolishment of peyote from shamanistic ceremony. A lack of harmony

Mayflower : A Story Of Courage, Community, And War
Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War by Nathaniel Philbrick
Mayflower: A story of courage,community,and war is about the lives of Pilgrims and the new
lifestyle they are entering. The mayflower was the ship that transported the Pilgrims to the New
World in 1620. Mr.Philbrick discusses the relationships amongst the England Pilgrims and their new
neighbors the Native Americans. Upon meeting, there is already distrust between the two groups
because they do not fully know each other. The pilgrims and native americans are now on a long
voyage to accumulate trust,build a relationship, adapt to the new lifestyle.
Ten weeks into the journey,the mayflower was coming across the Atlantic Ocean. The voyage must
be completed by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The food supply starts to decrease and there are only seven houses that are built within that year on
the region. While approaching winter, it is approximately two people who die per day due to hunger,
the weather, and sickness.Several conflicts have occurred between the Pilgrims and the Native
Americans that could lead to severe attacks. In one location of the New World, more than 175
Pilgrims begin to fight the local Native Americans for their goods and food supply which created
excessive violence. According to Mr. Philbrick, there high levels of racism from both group . State
officials of Massachusetts began to relocate several Native Americans off the Boston Harbor. The
Pilgrims eventually meet some Native Americans in the area and are able to form a trading alliance
that would benefit both parties. The pilgrims and native americans formed what is now called
Thanksgiving. Massasoit was the most powerful Native American leader in the region. His group
had been battling disease and approximately ninety percent of the region 's Native Americans died
from what may have been bubonic plague that had also killed some of the mayflower passengers.
Furthermore, England was in a civil war and migration to the New World decreased. Some settlers
returned to England and joined the impeachment of King Charles.The king ended up getting
executed in 1649. After the execution, England became Puritan. England was now

4 Winthrop A Model Of Christian Charity
The Englishmen were not the first settlers of the New World. Many years before both the Spanish
and the French had claimed parts of North America, Although, England is most talked about Spain
and France also only wanted land and money. When the English settlers first arrived in the early
seventeenth century, they did not care about the Native Americans and had little desire to accept
their culture. The leaders of the colonies knew they would need the help of the Natives to survive.
During the early years the settlers and Indians got along. The Native Americans would provide food,
clothing, and shelter in exchange for knives or hatchets. The Natives also taught them to be
competent. As the settlers increased their knowledge and started taking ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, man began to do evil, laws and government were established to constrain him.9 The laws
created by William Penn were quite simple. Religious tolerance was considered a law in
Pennsylvania. Penn crafted a government for Pennsylvania based on Enlightenment principles. He
rejected models of government that forced laws on citizens against their will. Penn emphasized self–
government for the people. On the other hand, the Puritans found difficulty in establishing a self–
sustaining, self–governing settlement and describes the colonists' mounting conflict with the
Indians.10 The Puritans believed in self–governing towns and a decentralized church government.
Their laws were governed by religious beliefs.11 For example, if you failed to attend church twice
daily you were punished with a loss of a day's food for the first offence, whipping for the second,
and six months of rowing for the third. Contrastingly, the Native Americans were said to have
domestic, dependent tribes. "Natural freedom is the only object of the policy of the [Native
Americans]; with this freedom do nature and climate rule alone amongst them ... [Native
Americans] maintain their freedom and find abundant nourishment... [and are] people who live
without laws, without police, without religion.".12 The U.S. Constitution is modeled after the oldest
constitution in North America –– the

Thomas Paine's Beliefs Essay
Toby Glover
Engl.2110W02
Midterm S11
Foltz–Gray D. The Native American effect It is clear that throughout many years there has been an
exemption of treatment when talking about the Native Americans in the United States. Supposedly
every individual is endowed with the right of freedom, equality, and of seeking for happiness, but
Native Americans were treated irrationally. From the discovery of America, to the founding fathers
and settlers, the treatment and attitude towards Native Americans has been unsettling at best. The
colonial policies toward the Native Americans affected the Indians in ways that changed their
relationship between their tribes and the new nation. Cabeza de Vaca, Roger Williams, Cotton
Mather, and Benjamin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Roger Williams was an American Protestant theologian, and the first American proponent of
religious freedom and the separation of church and state. He was a student of Native American
languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. Having learned their language
and customs, Williams gave up the idea of being a missionary and never baptized a single Indian.
Having established a rapport with and understanding off the Native Americans, Williams became a
"keen and sympathetic observer" of the native people. He called on Puritans to deal fairly with the
Native Americans. "Williams nevertheless saw that the American Indians were no better or worse
that the "rogues" who dealt with them, and that in fact they possessed a marked degree of civility"
(Williams The Norton Anthology American Literature p.174). During the late years of the 17th
century, the Native Americans and Puritan settlers had struggled to get along. Due to their clashing
views on political and cultural issues, neither faction regarded the other as a respectable group.
Cotton Mather displays a totally antagonistic view towards the Native Americans. Mather proves a
negative relationship between the natives and the settlers by displaying the barbarous behavior or
violent actions of those whom they consider to be culpable of wickedness. I believe when Benjamin
Franklin was writing

Native American Women In Early America
Even at the very beginning of America, Artists would paint the Native American's women in such a
way to attracted more people to come over and explore this new world, and maybe to find these
exotic women in the forest. As more and more people came over, along with more success in
starting colonies women were given more power in the new world then back at home. European
women, in the beginning, were outnumbered by the males and this was the beginning of uprising of
power for women. European women were not the first group of women to gain more power in
society. Native American women already had more freedom than European women had originally.
European and Native–American women share few similarities, but both groups religions give them
societally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Original Sin, in short was the story on how Adam and Eve got kick out of the Garden by eating the
apple. If we continue to look into English religion, God create men first, then create women for the
men. Native American had a different idea on how we were created. The Iroquois creation story
believed that a woman came from Heaven and a tortoise back was the land we live on. A spirit saw
that the woman was lonely and give her three children, two sons and one daughter. The daughter
became the mother of the Iroquois people. The Iroquois saw women as the creator of the world and
their nation, which is the complete opposite of what English believed. Instead of women being seen
as weak, Native American women were essential to group survival for they were gatherers of the
group. They daily life included finding food, nurturers to the children, and processes of community
decision. Women in Native American society were not seen as equals through. Looking at the two
paintings of Native Americans working on farm land by Joseph–Francois Lafitau and Theodor de
Bry. Both were European artist that depict Native American women gatherers and work at home. In
Theodor de Bry painting he paints women planting seeds, as the men work the field to make the
land suitable to grow plants. In Joseph–Francois Lafitau painting it shows men working the field
while women plant seeds again, but it also shows women gatherer sap from trees to make syrup.
Women were not equal to men in Native American society, but they had many more rights than
European women. In John White painting of Native Americans religious ritual, it shows Native
American women preforming a ritual among males. In some cases women served as the mediators
between humans and supernatural powers. The only time women were able to pick their husband in
early America was Chesapeake. As mention before, women

Colonization Of The New Continent

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