Course material

1. Answers: Classification In Biology Introduction Classification is the
foundation of
Answers:
Classification In Biology
Introduction
Classification is the foundation of a various leveled arrangement of classifications based on
assumed regular connections among living things. The study of natural characterization is
regularly called scientific classification. Classification in biology is the logical investigation
of naming, characterizing and ordering living things into groups with common
characteristics. The main classification hierarchy include; kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus and species. In this study, the animals studied include Lion, rats, gigs, Grass
frog, Perch and Pigeon.
The five animals are classified into the seven classification levels as shown below;
Lion
Rat
Pig
Grass frog
Perch

2. Pigeon
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera leo
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family:
Genus: Rattus
Species: Rattus rattus
Kingdom: Animalia

3. Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Genus: Sus
Species : Sus ahoenobarbus
Kingdom: Animalia ; Phylum: Chordata ;
Class: Amphibia ; Order: Anura ; Family: Limnodynastidae.
Species: L. tasmaniensis
Kingdom: Animalia ; Phylum: Chordata ; Class: Actinopterygii ; Order: Perciformes.
Family: Percidae
Genus: Perca
P. flavescens
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves

4. Order: Columbiformes ; Family: Columbidae ; Genus: Columba ; Species: C. livia.
Lion (Panthera leo), huge, intensely constructed feline that is second in size just to the tiger.
Lions are generally dynamic around evening time and live in an assortment of
environments yet lean toward meadow, savanna, thick clean and open forest. Lions live in
an assortment of territories however incline toward field, savanna, thick clean, and open
forest. By and large, they lived across a lot of Europe, Asia, and Africa, however presently
they are mostly found in pieces of Africa south of the Sahara.
Rodents are flimsy followed, medium-size rodents that started in Asia and Australia
however are currently viewed as from one side of the planet to the other. "Genuine rodents"
are individuals from the variety Rattus, however other rat genera are likewise alluded to as
rodents and offer a significant number of similar attributes. Rodents separate from mice by
being bigger, with longer, more slender bodies and long legs. Rodents are seen as from one
side of the planet to the other. For instance, the rice-field rodent is found in Southeast Asia,
the Australian bog rodent is found in Eastern Australia, and the Norway rodent, likewise
called earthy colored rodents, is viewed as on each mainland of the world with the
exception of Antarctica, as per the Animal Diversity Web at the University of Michigan.
Grass frog is the littlest frog in North America going in size from 11-19 mm (7/16 to 3/4 in).
Its dorsal tinge goes from dark to brown to ruddy. A trademark dull stripe stretches out
from nostril through the eye onto the sides. A dull middorsal stripe is some of the time
present. The ventral hue is yellowish or white. The toes are somewhat webbed. This species
is in some cases mistook for youthful Brimley's tune frogs. The littlest is the little grass frog
(Pseudacris, or Limnoaedus, ocularis), which doesn't surpass 1.75 cm (0.69 inch) long and
is found in cypress swamps in the United States from Virginia to Florida and Alabama.
Nonhylid tree frogs incorporate individuals from the families Centrolenidae
The pig, frequently called pig, hoard, or homegrown pig while recognizing from different
individuals from the family Sus, is an omnivorous, trained, even-toed, hoofed warm blooded
animal. It is differently viewed as a subspecies of Sus scrofa or an unmistakable animal type.
The homegrown pigeon (Columba livia domestica) is a pigeon subspecies that was gotten
from the stone bird (likewise called the stone pigeon). The stone pigeon is the world's most
established trained bird.
Methods
A dissection was done to examine the internal organs of the animals studied in this
practical. The tools used in dissecting the animals in the lab were Scissors, pins, scalpels,
needles, forceps, dissection tray and dissecting probes. The major anatomical systems were
observed after the dissection. The safety measures during the dissection were putting on
gloves and laboratory coats.

5. Results And Discussion Table
Pigeon
Pig
Rat
Perch
Grass frog
Integument
consists of the skin, the feathers and the appendages
involves the skin, hair, skin organs, hooves, paws, computerized cushions, horns and quills
Different layers: Epidermis and dermis, subcutaneous fat tissue, nerves, muscle structure
and vessels are mesodermal beginning

6. Perch integument is an enormous organ that is nonstop with the coating of all the body
openings, and furthermore covers the balances
as a layer corneum that contains α - keratin
Muscle
plantigrade locomotion
Lingering and progressive locomotion
Caudal and tail fin
Fibers which are narrow and elongated
Skeleton
breast muscles

7. seven cervical vertebrae, fourteen to fifteen thoracic, six to seven lumbar, four sacral, and
eighteen to 25 coccygeal vertebrae
Fibers which are narrow and elongated
Bone skeletone
endoskeleton
Circulatory
Four chambered heart
Four chambered heart
Four chambered heart
Single loop system
Closed circulatory system

8. Digestive
It includes mouth, buccal pit, pharynx, throat, stomach, small digestive system and internal
organ which opens to the outside by cloacal gap.
Non-ruminant
Similar to human but the system lacks gull bladder and has bigger cecum
incorporate the mouth, teeth and gill rakers, throat, stomach, pylorus, pyloric caeca,
pancreatic tissue (exocrine and endocrine), liver, nerve bladder, digestive tract and rear-
end.
The stomach related arrangement of a frog forms a mouth, pharynx, throat, stomach, small
digestive tract, internal organ, and cloaca. .
Respiratory
Comprises of outside nostrils, glottis, larynx, windpipe, bronchus and lungs..
The upper respiratory parcel includes the nasal pit and the nasopharynx. The lower
respiratory starts with the larynx and goes on into the chest as the windpipe, bronchi,
bronchioles and lungs.

9. Obligate nasal breathers.
Gills, mouth and operculum
the skin, lungs and lining of the mouth
Urinary
two kidneys and two ureters
ureter, kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, umbilical cord, unogenital cord
Two kidneys, ureters, an urinary bladder and an urethra.
Urinary pore and abdominal pore
Kidney
Nervous

10. Cranial nerves from the oblangata
Autonomic nervous system
Rat
Perch has a brain in the skull
brain, a spinal cord, and nerves
Reproduction
Monogamous
female reproduction is dorsal to the digestion tracts in the pelvic cavity.
Male- testes, the epidiymes, the ampullae and the seminal vesicles
Fertilization of ova happens inside the female, and the prepared zygotes create in the
mother during a growth period known as pregnancy.
an egg comes from a female and is prepared by male sperm.

11. External fertilization
The feta forms of the animals differ in terms of how their structures are formed and
functioning. As they develop into maturity, the adult forms anatomical features become
mature and they are then able to survive their respective environments. The fetal forms live
in environments that favor their immature nature and develop with time.
The animals are closely related since they are from the same Kingdom (Animalia), Phylum
(chordata), class (Mammalia, aves, anura). They differ from classes down to species due to
difference in some features. The most common ancestor for the animals can be traced at the
phylum level since they all belong to the same phylum.