3 major groups of plants

1. Tuesday April 4th , 2017
Today you need
• Notebook
• Something to write with
Objective
• Identify and describe the
function of plant and flower
organs
Wednesday April 5th , 2017
Animal Poster Due

2. Kingdom Animalia Poster Tour
• To help you become more familiar with more
animals, please take a tour of the posters
created by your classmates
• Complete the graphic organizer for 4 different
animals (not the one you researched)
• Please be done by __________

3. To do
• Please hang up your animal mini-poster

4. Plant
Anatomy &
Evolution

6. How Would You Define the Kingdom Plantae?
Are these all plants?
Green algae
Charophycean
Liverwort
Fern
Tree
Lichen

7. How Would You Define the Kingdom Plantae?
yes
yes
Maybe depending
on reclassification
No - Lichen=symbiosis
between fungus &
photosynthetic algae
No
yes

8. What are the organs of a plant?

9. • 3 Basic Plant Organs:
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Shoot system
What is the
function of
each organ?

10. Roots  Absorb water
and minerals

11. Shoot System
 Stems allow for height
 Leaves for photosynthesis
Why is
height
important?

12. Plant Classification:
• The plant kingdom can
be divided into 3 main
categories:
1. nonvascular plants
2. seedless vascular
plants
3. seed vascular plants

13. Nonvascular Plants
– Moss
– Most simple
– Most ancient
– No vessels

14. Seedless Vascular Plants
• ferns
• Vessels, no flowers
Big Sporophyte Tiny Gametophyte

15. Plant vessels
• Xylem tubes carry water throughout the plant
• Phloem tubes carry sugar throughout the plant
• Vascular tissue allows plants to grow bigger & taller

17. Seed Vascular Plants
• A seed is an embryo + a food supply for the embryo + a
protective coat around the whole thing

18. Seed Plants - Gymnosperms
• Gymno - naked
• Sperm - seeds
• Cone bearing plants -
conifers (pines, firs,
redwoods)
• Seeds are “naked” -
seeds on cones, not in a
fruit

19. Male and female structures
in different cones
Wind
dependent
pollination

20. Seed Plants - Angiosperms
• aka “flowering
plants”
• Seed plants with
flowers and fruit
• Angio - container
• Sperm - seed

21. Angiosperms
• Most diverse, most evolved group of all plants
• Over 250,000 species
• Represent 90% of all plants

22. Angiosperm
Structures
Flower = structure specialized for sexual
reproduction

23. Flower Structures
• Sepal = at base of flower, us.
green, enclose flower before it
opens
• Petals = aid in attracting pollinators
– Unless wind pollinated, then they are
dull
• Stamens = produce pollen, the
male gametophyte
• Carpels = produce female
gametophytes

24. Mechanisms to prevent self-
fertilization
– Maturation of
reproductive organs at
different times
– Structural
arrangement of
reproductive organs

25. Development
The ovule develops into
the seed
The ovary develops into
the fruit, which encloses
the seed

26. Fruit
• Fruits protect and help
disperse the seeds of the
plant
• Fruits can be fleshy
(oranges, strawberries,
grapes) or dry (beans,
nuts, grains)

27. Radicle - the
embryonic root
Epicotyl - part of
embryo where
cotyledons (seed
leaves) are
attached
Seed is dormant
until right
conditions are
met

28. Animals have influenced the
evolution of plants, and vice versa
Animals on ground favors plants that can
grow tall, out of reach
– Animal adapt by growing taller, flying, etc.
Fruit develops to protect seeds, but
sweeter fruit gets eaten and seeds
dispersed farther
Plants and pollinators can have very
specific relationships (coevolution)