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1. Reproduction in plants
By chekit sharma

2. Asexual Reproduction
• Asexual reproduction is natural
“cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as
leaves or stems, produce roots and
become an independent plant.
• List some benefits and some drawbacks
to asexual reproduction.

3. Sexual Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction requires fusion of
male cells in the pollen grain with
female cells in the ovule.
• List some advantages and drawbacks to
sexual reproduction.

4. Alternation of Generations
• Plants have a double life cycle with two
distinct forms:
• Sporophyte: diploid, produce haploid
spores by meiosis.
• Gametophyte: haploid, produce
gametes by mitosis.

5. Non-flowering plants
• Mosses, ferns, and related plants have
motile, swimming sperm.
• What kind of environmental conditions
would be required for reproduction in
these plants?
• What kinds of limits does external
reproduction impose on these plants?

6. Moss Life Cycle

7. Fern Life Cycle

8. Conifers
• Conifers (also non-flowering plants)
have reduced gametophytes.
• Male gametophyte is contained in a
dry pollen grain.
• Female gametophyte is a few cells
inside of the structures that become
the seed.

9. Conifer life cycle

10. Conifer pollination
• Conifers are wind-pollinated plants.
• Chance allows some pollen to land on
the scales of female cones.
• Pollen germinates, grows a pollen tube
into the egg to allow sperm to fertilize
the egg.
• What are some advantages and
disadvantages to wind pollination?

11. Pollen go-betweens
• Showy flowers are the result of selection
for more efficient pollination strategies.
• Flower parts are modified leaves. Those
that were brightly colored attracted
insects in search of pollen.
• Why would insects search for pollen?
What other rewards do flowers offer?
• What are advantages and disadvantages
to relying on insects as pollinators?

12. Flowers

13. Flower Parts

14. Incomplete flowers
• Flowers are complete if they have all
parts, and perfect if they have both male
and female parts.
• Grass flowers: incomplete, usually
imperfect (separate male and female
flowers)
• A tulip is complete (though the sepals
are the same color as the petals) and
perfect.

15. Imperfect flowers

16. Angiosperm Life Cycle

17. Gametogenesis: Male

18. Gametogenesis: Female

19. Double Fertilization

20. Flower to Fruit

21. Ovule to Seed

22. Seed Anatomy

23. Seed Germination

24. • Use what you have learned about plant
life cycles to explain why most mosses
and ferns live in moist environments, but
flowering plants can live just about
anywhere.
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