Policy refers to set of ideas or plans on how to perform a certain task on a particular situation. It can also be referred as governments action or proposed action directed towards achieving a goal. Thus policy marking is a task which work under the guide of a certain countries government. For every country, it is mandated to the government to deliver and determine allocation and distribution of resources. It is in the process of delivering towards the countries goals that determines whether the objectives will be implemented (Osman 2002). In most developing countries, policy marking is marred by huge challenges which are not easy to manage. There is hardly any selfless leader to bridge in the gaps towards achieving a goal. In other words every leader would serve their personal interests and never mind the next parties fate. To address the challenges of policy making in developing countries, there must be strict elimination of personal development in the concerned countries. Majorly the main setbacks in policy making in the developing countries are namely, Corruption which hinders realization of the goals in a country. Instead resources are diverted to benefit only those in power. ,Inadequate human and material resources. For every country to develop there must be sufficient resources to suit every gap towards achieving a goal. Also where there is lack of continuity of governments projects, a country faces a challenge (Schuknecht 2000). In most developing countries, there are emerging issues such as pollution both for water and air. All pollutions have diverse effects in the society and through this, a coordinated networks of organizations are formed to create awareness on the adverse effects and thereby build knowledge about diversity of life. For the developing countries to reach a state of independence, much should be done to curb all the interests towards personal development and commit to diversify the resources available for the growth of the entire country. This is basically not easy until greedy leaders who mind their growth are noticed and ruthlessly barred from top ranks and positions in government (Schuknecht 2000). Module 8 Assignment.docx by PILAPIL JOHNHAE ALEX Submission date: 24-Nov-2019 06:55PM (UTC-0800) Submission ID: 1220938044 File name: Module_8_Assignment.docx (19.51K) Word count: 375 Character count: 2074 98% SIMILARITY INDEX 2% INTERNET SOURCES 0% PUBLICATIONS 98% STUDENT PAPERS 1 98% Exclude quotes Off Exclude bibliography On Exclude matches < 5 words Module 8 Assignment.docx ORIGINALITY REPORT PRIMARY SOURCES Submitted to Cypress Fairbanks Independent School District Student Paper Module 8 Assignment.docx PAGE 1 PAGE 2 Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your work. Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your work. Article Error You may need to remove th ...

1. Policy refers to set of ideas or plans on how to perform a certain
task on a particular situation. It can also be referred as
governments action or proposed action directed towards
achieving a goal. Thus policy marking is a task which work
under the guide of a certain countries government. For every
country, it is mandated to the government to deliver and
determine allocation and distribution of resources. It is in the
process of delivering towards the countries goals that
determines whether the objectives will be implemented (Osman
2002).
In most developing countries, policy marking is marred by
huge challenges which are not easy to manage. There is hardly
any selfless leader to bridge in the gaps towards achieving a
goal. In other words every leader would serve their personal
interests and never mind the next parties fate. To address the
challenges of policy making in developing countries, there must
be strict elimination of personal development in the concerned
countries.
Majorly the main setbacks in policy making in the
developing countries are namely, Corruption which hinders
realization of the goals in a country. Instead resources are
diverted to benefit only those in power. ,Inadequate human and
material resources. For every country to develop there must be
sufficient resources to suit every gap towards achieving a goal.
Also where there is lack of continuity of governments projects,
a country faces a challenge (Schuknecht 2000).
In most developing countries, there are emerging issues
such as pollution both for water and air. All pollutions have
diverse effects in the society and through this, a coordinated
networks of organizations are formed to create awareness on the
adverse effects and thereby build knowledge about diversity of

2. life.
For the developing countries to reach a state of
independence, much should be done to curb all the interests
towards personal development and commit to diversify the
resources available for the growth of the entire country. This is
basically not easy until greedy leaders who mind their growth
are noticed and ruthlessly barred from top ranks and positions
in government (Schuknecht 2000).
Module 8 Assignment.docx
by PILAPIL JOHNHAE ALEX
Submission date: 24-Nov-2019 06:55PM (UTC-0800)
Submission ID: 1220938044
File name: Module_8_Assignment.docx (19.51K)
Word count: 375
Character count: 2074
98%
SIMILARITY INDEX
2%
INTERNET SOURCES
0%

3. PUBLICATIONS
98%
STUDENT PAPERS
1 98%
Exclude quotes Off
Exclude bibliography On
Exclude matches < 5 words
Module 8 Assignment.docx
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to Cypress Fairbanks Independent
School District
Student Paper
Module 8 Assignment.docx
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker
when you proofread your work.
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker
when you proofread your work.
Article Error You may need to remove this article.

4. Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker
when you proofread your work.
Article Error You may need to remove this article.
Article Error You may need to remove this article.
Article Error You may need to use an article before this word.
Consider using the article the.
PAGE 3
Module 8 Assignment.docxby PILAPIL JOHNHAE
ALEXModule 8 Assignment.docxORIGINALITY
REPORTPRIMARY SOURCESModule 8 Assignment.docx
Case Study: To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate
Read the case study. Then see below to learn more about the
instructions.
Chloe glanced down into her backpack when she felt the
familiar vibration of her silenced cell phone. New message from
her sister in California. Chloe had explained to her sister a
million times not to call her when she was in her class.
However, it seemed that no matter how hard she tried, Tina just
couldn't remember that it was 2 hours later (not earlier) in
Texas than California. "Now what?" Chloe thought.
After class, Chloe read the urgent message: "Call me ASAP. It's
about Amanda."
Amanda was Tina's nine year old daughter. Tina was always
calling Chloe for parenting advice since Chloe had four
children, the youngest in ninth grade.
"Hey sis, what's going on?" asked Chloe nonchalantly.
Tina started in at rapid speed. "I took Amanda to the
pediatrician today and her doctor wanted to give her a vaccine
to protect against a sexually transmitted disease! Can you
believe that? I almost passed out. I mean she is only nine years

5. old!"
Chloe calmed her sister down. "You mean the Gardasil vaccine?
The one that not only protects against HPV but also can prevent
cervical cancer? I know all about that. There was a huge
controversy a few years ago here in Texas when then governor
Rick Perry wanted to mandate vaccinating all girls going into
middle school. I became really informed because that's the year
Lucy was about to start 6th grade. It was big news here."
Tina started to speak in a less alarmed tone. "So you had to
vaccinate Lucy?"
"The Texas legislature overturned the executive order shortly
after so I didn't have to do it. However there were many news
stories and it became one of those topics discussed with moms
at the church I go to. Two things I remember was how the maker
of the vaccine, Merck, contributed to Rick Perry's election
campaign and that researchers don't even know how long the
vaccine offers protection."
Tina continued, " Is it safe? Amanda's pediatrician said that
here in California, by a new law, kids 12 and over can just
march into Planned Parenthood or their doctor and ask to be
vaccinated without parental consent! What if Amanda was to do
that when she was 12. I can't imagine that but who knows what
she'll be like as a tween. I would want to know she wouldn't get
paralyzed or something."
"The FDA claims it is safe but then I read that this group
SaneVax did some tests and showed the vaccine contains
recombinant viral DNA! I have no idea what that means, but it
doesn't sound comforting to me," said Chloe.
"Have you spoken to Dennis about this?"
Tina and Dennis divorced a year ago. Amanda was still on his
medical plan.
Tina became agitated as she speculated, "Oh I am sure that
cheap skate won't be for it since it will cost him $360 since the

6. vaccination is not covered by his insurance. However, his aunt
died of cervical cancer about 4 years ago and Gardasil can also
prevent cervical cancer so then again he might be all for it."
"I'll tell you what," assured Chloe. "I am going to hang up and
when I get home I will email you some of the documents I
collected about the HPV controversy. Maybe that will help you
decide what to do."
Form a thesis statement:
Thinking back on the case study, should Tina vaccinate her
daughter or not?
Note: Do not provide a synopsis of the story from the case
study. Assume we are all familiar with the story.Support your
thesis with evidence from the readings and videos
Develop an essay to support your thesis statement using your
new knowledge gained from both your assigned textbook
reading on Immunity and Disease and Cancer as well as the web
links and documents about HPV and the HPV vaccine. It is
important that you utilize data from 3 or more of the
sources that I have provided; the more you use the better. Citing
specific numerical and factual evidence from these sources is
imperative.
You may also seek any other information on the Internet but be
sure to cite the source if you use any material from it.Grading
Your write up should demonstrate that you can:
1. Explain the etiology, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of the sexually transmitted disease genital warts.
2. Explain what it means- on a cellular level, when we say a
vaccine gives us protection or "immunity" Include an
explanation of the cells involved in the adaptive immune
response.
3. Explain how the HPV vaccine works. Be specific. Include
what the vaccine consists of, how it is made, how it protects
against HPV and how this could prevent cancer. Demonstrate
your understanding of antigens and antibodies.
4. Analyze the benefits and risks of vaccines and form an

7. opinion of whether the mom in the case study should or should
not vaccinate her daughter. Support your point of view with
evidence from the readings.
See the grading rubric for guidance on what is expected for full
credit. See below:
Writing Assignment
Writing Assignment
Criteria
Ratings
Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeQuality of
Writing
4.0 pts
Exemplary: Sentences are complete, grammar is excellent. No
spelling errors and organization is clear. Well written in
student's own words. Appropriate use of quotes.
3.0 pts
Accomplished:Generally well written but there are a few errors
in punctuation & spelling or organization is a bit unclear.There
was excessive use of quotes rather than paraphrasing
2.0 pts
Developing:Some of sentences are incomplete. Some spelling &
punctuation errors; organization is muddled. One quarter of
paper was plagiarized and/or there was a lack of proper
citations
1.0 pts
Beginning: More than half of sentences are incomplete.
Paragraph structure is largely missing and essay is difficult to
read. More than half of paper was plagiarized
0.0 pts
No effort: student plagiarized entire paper
4.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeData Analysis
4.0 pts
Exemplary: Not only successfully collects or analyzes data and

8. rigorously interprets the results but also finds other data or
information for consideration.
3.0 pts
Accomplished: Successfully collects or identifies relevant data
and rigorously presents and interprets the results.
2.0 pts
Developing: Successfully collects or identifies relevant data but
fails to thoroughly interpret the results
1.0 pts
Beginning: Fails to collect or analyze data and information or
data collection is not thorough.
0.0 pts
No Effort: Fails to collect or analyze data
4.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScientific
Concepts
4.0 pts
Exemplary: Answers reveal an accurate, sophisticated
understanding of the underlying scientific concepts.
3.0 pts
Accomplished: Answers reveal an accurate understanding of
most of the underlying scientific concepts
2.0 pts
Developing: Answers reveal a limited understanding of the
underlying scientific concepts
1.0 pts
Beginning: Answers reveal an inaccurate understanding of the
underlying scientific concepts.
0.0 pts
No effort: Fails to address any of the scientific concepts
4.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeFrames Personal
Response
4.0 pts

9. Exemplary: Not only formulates a clear and precise point of
view with 3 or more pieces of supporting evidence but
acknowledges objections and rival positions and provides
convincing replies to these.
3.0 pts
Accomplished: Formulates a clear & precise point of view with
at least 3 pieces of supporting evidence from reputable sources.
Seriously discusses its weakness as well as its strength.
2.0 pts
Developing: Formulates a vague point of view with less than 3
pieces of evidence, some of which is not from reputable
sources. Considers weak but not strong alternative positions.
1.0 pts
Beginning: Fails to formulate & clearly express own point of
view and fails to consider other perspectives. Does not provide
evidence from reputable sources.
0.0 pts
No Effort: Fails to formulate & clearly express own point of
view
4.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeConclusions
4.0 pts
Exemplary: Conclusions are valid and well supported with
experimental evidence. Data is accurately used.
3.0 pts
Accomplished: Conclusions are valid and consistent with some
of the data that is referenced.
2.0 pts
Developing: Conclusions are attempted but may reflect some
error or misinterpretation of data.
1.0 pts
Beginning: Conclusions are not attempted or are not based at all
on data but may only be opinion without evidence.
0.0 pts
No Effort: Conclusions are not attempted

10. 4.0 pts
Total Points: 20.0
Basically, a good number of the developing countries struggle
with the current technological advancements so as to adapt to
most of the changes and developments that come as a result. In
this case therefore, research has revealed a great turn around in
almost all the sectors and that have greatly embraced those
changes (Dutta, Geiger & Lanvin,2015). These changes have
also improved from the old ways of storing information and
sensitive data related to the entire issue of combating the
proliferation of drug and substance abuse. In a report dealing
with such issues on how better we can address the issue of drug
cases in the company and in the entire society, I will ensure that
I include a number of sensitive and important factors and
aspects and which some of them would be aimed at solving the
entire issue.
In this case therefore, some of the things and that would
be in the forefront would be coming up with some of the causes
of the extreme consumption of drugs. The root cause for the
same consumption and especially in trying to come up with
possible solutions would be greatly important (Baller, Dutta, &
Lanvin, 2015). Another very important thing to include in this
would be trying to come up with the most affected type of
people in terms of age and social status, as this would greatly
help the research team to leave recommendations on the best
ways to solve this case. The last thing in my report would
basically be coming up with the related and possible solutions
and how possible drug abuse could be brought to an end.
There are many ways of looking at the menace of drug
trafficking and proliferation in both the developed and

11. developing countries. However, although the usage is high in
both cases, it is the developing countries that suffer the most
because many bread winners have no source of income and
spend much of their time in abusing drugs. Thus, coming up
with a report on curbing the problem will require that the team
analyzing the existing data for decision-making and coming up
with policies (Alejandra Vélez, & Lobo, 2019).
The best way to handle this is ensuring that the data provided is
legitimate, reliable and is updated. This will ensure that all the
problems identified will be analyzed based on the situation that
is on the ground. Ensuring also that the data being analyzed is
not manipulated in any manner is crucial because the results and
the policy formulated at the end entirely depends on the data
used in analysis. There is also need to ensure that experts are
readily available who can easily read through the data and
understand all aspects. Thus, I would propose that specialists
from various relevant fields are used for better understanding
and production of a high quality report (Alejandra Vélez, &
Lobo, 2019).
Having identified the right system, analysis will be done with
both the past and the future in mind. The data provided is
historical, hence from the past. However, from the analysis
done, the recommendations will be used in future and are meant
to make the future better for community. Having a future with
few or no drug addicts and abusers is the main aim of the team
developing the report. Forecasts will this be made on the
expected prone areas, types of drugs abused most and what the
future looks like after application of stern measures from the
developed policy (Alejandra Vélez, & Lobo, 2019).