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Impact Of Stalinism
Assess the impact of Stalinism on the Soviet State until 1941
1st paragraph – Stalin, the cult of personality
Stalin's cult of personality, derived through propaganda, censorship and education, was an essential
element of Stalinism which had a significant impact on the society and culture of the Soviet State
between until 1941. Stalin's 50th birthday on 21 December 1929 initiated the moment in Stalin's
dictatorship in which the leader became an object of worship. Millions of party member came to
compare Stalin to Lenin, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Eventually the cult of Stalin saw him as a
political, military, scientific and philosophical genius. While the people feared Stalin, they were still
drawn to his patriotism and love for the Motherland. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stalin's Five Year Plans included the embarkment of huge industrial projects and a campaign to
collectivise agriculture. Almost all party members agreed that the Soviet State would require
massive industrial growth to achieve a secure society. Collectivisation was to be undertaken to
ensure food supplies to the cities and help "mechanisation, increase output and reduce costs". The
first of Stalin's Five Year Plans reflected Lenin's ideas of giving priority to industries such as hydro–
electric power, coal, iron, steel ships, railways, and machinery. However, this first plan failed due to
falls in food and consumer goods output and the many unrealistic plan targets. The second of the
Five Year Plans was scheduled to begin in October 1928 and "focused on the production of
consumer goods for the workers and peasants to increase their production," as well as development
of heavy industry base for the military. The third of the Five Year Plans was intended to increase the
supply of scarce consumer goods. However, the Third Plan never met its goals as it was interrupted
by the German attack on Russia in June
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Symbolism In Animal Farm, By George Orwell
Animal farm is a story of animals rebelling against their harsh human owner, Mr. Jones. The
revolution starts by a ig named old Major giving them the idea for the revolution, and the idea of an
equal society through animalism. Old Major dies, but the animals finally do rebell, and turn their
farm, known as Manor farm, into Animal farm. The farm is lead by the pigs, mainly Snowball and
Napoleon, because the pigs are smarter. They begin to learn and read and write the six
commandments to protect the animals and the equality. They promise to never become like the evil
humans. As the book continues, Napoleon and Snowball butt heads and argue. This leads to
Napoleon chasing snowball off the farm with his killer dogs and assuming all power. Continuously,
the pigs take more and more power from the other animals. Napoleon kills anyone who opposes him
with his dogs. One of Napoleon's most faithful workers, a horse named Boxer, got injured. Napoleon
promised to send him to the hospital but instead sent him to the slaughterhouse to be turned into
glue. The pigs start walking on two legs, wearing clothes, and become harsh leaders. By the end of
the book, the animals cannot tell the difference between a pig and a human (Orwell)(Stephenson).
George Orwell's book animal farm, uses large amount of symbolism. One popular interpretation is
that Animal farm is an allegory for the Russian revolution with the events and characters relating to
real life events, historical figures, and idea. Many
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Political Differences Between Russo And China
Whenever people think of communism, Russian SFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist
Republic) and China, as two biggest communist polity, always come to people's mind first.
Likewise, at any time people mention authoritarianism, they will never miss the two biggest
authoritarian regimes: Russia (Russian Federation) and China. The former, with the collapse of
Soviet Union in 1991, the world's first and largest communist polity and the prime facilitator of
communist political system came to an end, which creates the modern Russia Federation, a country
that still persists in authoritarianism but applies democratic political system and constitution. The
latter, after experience multiple destructive invasions and humiliating ... Show more content on
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The following October Revolution permanently ended the rule of Provisional Government, leaving
all the political power to the Soviets. After a long, decimating civil war and a series of social,
political, and economic transitions, the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was formally
founded as the world's first communist polity with one party rule of the Bolsheviks. Meanwhile,
Bankrupt of Republic of China demonstrates the failure of China's first democracy transition,
leaving mainland China to be fully taken over by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party), which
established the modern PRC (People's Republic of China), another communist regime. (China: U.S.
policy since 1945, 1980) Flaws Inside the Social System In 1922, by gradually consolidating his
influence and isolating and outmaneuvering his rivals within the party, Stalin became the undisputed
leader of the Soviet Union and, established totalitarian rule, which contains a series of radical
economic reformations, aiming at thoroughly change the agricultural and industrial structure. The
new policies, known as Stalinism, indicate that the New Economic Policy has been annihilated.
Stalinist policies and ideas, as developed in the Soviet Union, included rapid industrialization, the
theory of socialism in one country, a centralized state, collectivization of agriculture, cult of
personality (Jan Plamper, 2012) and
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To What Extent Did Stalin’s Rule Mar the Key Turning Point...
To what extent did Stalin's rule mar the key turning point in Russia's political development 1856–
1953?
In an historical context, a 'turning point' can be categorized as an event o impact caused by an
individual that, had it not occurred, would have altered the final outcome of a period of history. In
the period of Russian history 1856–1953 there is no doubt there was a huge amount on political
change, at the bringing of the period Russia was a state ruled by an autocratic Tsar and by the end it
had seen provisional governments, local and national assemblies and a whole variety of rulers, some
more autocratic and reactionary than others. Stalin's period of rule in Russia could be seen as the
most brutal rule Russia saw in this period, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These purges allowed him to remove any political opponents to himself or the party. He has been
judged very harshly but a number of historians, including Steve Phillips judge that 'enormous human
costs of the policy and Stalin's personal manipulation of policy to his own advantage'5 where some
of the reasons as to why he is viewed in such a bad light, others see what he did as necessary. Martin
McCauley wrote that 'the future is built on the bones of the past'6 taking a more Marxist view of the
long term result being of greater importance than the short term impacts. There are also questions
over Stalin's objectives, as at times they seemed contradictory, 'economically Stalin was building
Socialism, but politically he was destroying it'7. A number of historians contest this and consider
Stalin to be a product of his time rather than a genuine key individual, 'Stalin's rise to power was not
based on human qualities; it resulted from the functioning of an inhuman machine, the
bureaucracy'8 . Stalin and Lenin took very different stances; Lenin followed Socialism in one
country whilst Stalin wanted international socialism. Stalin was also far more brutal than Lenin. My
judgment is that the turning point in this period (1916–17) was Lenin dissolving the Constituent
Assembly as it was the true rejection of
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Roy Medvedev Analysis
With the destruction of the Tsarist regime, Russia stood at a crossroads no state had ever been at. For
the first time ever, a Socialist nation advocating Communism had managed to create a functioning
state. The works of Marx and Engels, pushed forth as the cure for the oppression of the proletariat,
had fallen successfully on the ears of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who, with his theory of the Vanguard
party, pushed the Russian Empire into the Soviet era. Leninism became the central tenant of the
Soviet system, being advocated and admired by every successive Soviet leader, and by many in
modern Russia to this day. The modernity of the issue leads many in modern Russia to justify
certain actions, harkening back to Lenin himself, still displayed in ... Show more content on
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The virtues of one are inherently found in the other, the downfalls of one, inherently found in the
other as well. Lenin's own realization of this near the end of his life, his insistence on trying to
prevent any one man from taking power in the USSR, proves that while attempting to prevent
Stalinism, Lenin's own foundational government set the path for it. Leninism was naturally led to
Stalinism, and that must be addressed lest it be used to justify, misleadingly, the same once
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Communism: Similarities Between Tsarism And Stalinism
Despite they're being many similarities between Tsarism and Stalinism, it is too far to say Joseph
Stalin acted in a way for him to be known as a "Red Tsar". He implemented much of the same
strategies as the Tsars before him but also drifted away and opposed much of Tsarism. His believed
communism was the underlying factor in changing Russia, which wasn't the case of a Tsarist regime.
He portrayed himself as a personality cult who used the media to convey an ideolised heroic version
of himself, very much like Tsar Nicholas II. He also implemented much of the same governmental
structures of Tsarism, just under the badge of communism. Whilst Tsars had their body of Nobles
and Okrana, Stalin had his Nomenklatura and NVKD. He controlled, manipulated
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Totalitarian System In The Drowned And The Saved
FINAL ESSAY The Totalitarian system has been identified by many writers as a ruthless, brutal and
potent form of political tyranny whose ambitions for world domination are unlimited.
Totalitarianism is a complex system containing a wide range of components. Multiple aspects of this
system are reflected in "The Trial" by Franz Kafka, "Darkness at Noon" by Arthur Koestler and
"The Drowned and the Saved" by Primo Levi, but there is one component of the system that stands
out of the crowd, freedom. In the first place, Freedom, one of the main components of
Totalitarianism, is reflected in Kafka's book. The protagonist K. in "The Trial" fights the totalitarian
system in multiple ways and he is trapped. The concept that K. missed is that in order ... Show more
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Nazism offers even worse; fake freedom. The soldiers would offer prisoners the "choice" between
working for them or die, in a condition where survival was primordial. Hitler clearly knew the
prisoners would work for him, since if every prisoner refused to work for him his system wouldn't
have worked and he wouldn't have managed to almost conquer the entire Europe. Levi in "The
Drowned and the Saved" talks about his experience in the camp and his survival. He explains the
relationship between prisoners, the situation in the camp... Despite his work citing his own
experience, it could also be mixed with fiction. Primo Levi was a chemist before going into the
concentration camps, then he wrote his experiences. Thinking critically, he is more of an artist, as he
says prisoners are citing their experience which can't be consider as fact. Just like history, it has to
be treated and to be considered as personal experience and not facts. On the other hand, Levi points
out accurate fact, for instance, the Nazi would work prisoners until they dropped, then kill them for
the crime of exhaustion. Nazism was harsh and freedom was clearly not part of it. The lack of
freedom was expressed explicitly as the SS would tell the prisoners that no prisoners living in this
place would ever be allowed to leave. Totalitarianism applied in the concentration camps is
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What Did Joseph Stalin Could Be Considered A Red Tsar?
Task B Essay
Cara Robertson
'Discuss to what extent Joseph Stalin could be considered a 'Red tsar'
Soso Djugashvili, more commonly known as Joseph Stalin, 'man of steel', dictator of the Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR) Russia, can be considered a 'Red Tsar' to an extent when features of
Stalinism are compared to those of Tsarism and Russia ruled by Nicholas II's autocratic regime from
1894 to 1917. A 'Red Tsar' is a communist leader whom follows similar principles followed under
the leadership of a Tsar, that were influenced by few opinions allowing sole leadership and little
opposition from others. Stalin can be considered a 'Red Tsar' to an extent as he ruled Communist
Russia as a somewhat totalitarian state and was considered a 'God–like' figure sent to Earth to lead
the nation and its people. From Stalin's reign of terror from 1929 to 1953 there can be similarities
seen in his regime to features of Tsarism as well as differences, this is why there are alternative
interpretations for Stalin being considered a 'Red Tsar'.
A key factor to why Stalin can be considered a 'Red Tsar' is that their was similarities of Stalinism to
the three key features that made up Tsarism, autocracy, nationalism and orthodoxy as well as
economic policy. The system of personalized control in Stalin's dictatorship was very similar to that
of a Tsar. As mentioned before Stalin was considered a 'God–like' leader much like Tsars were
considered to be, as well as a 'chief benefactor and
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The Unquiet Ghost: Effect of Stalinism on Russia
The Unquiet Ghost During the Communist regime in the former Soviet Union, life was very
difficult. The people who lived within the countries controlled by the Soviet government
experienced levels of oppression akin to slavery. They could not express themselves through any
means and had to conform both body and soul to the views of the Communist Party. People could be
arrested, imprisoned, shipped off to exile or executed often without trial. Some twenty million
people died while Joseph Stalin led the USSR and for many years after his death it was still
dangerous to dare criticize his regime, although some scholars put that number closer to forty
million people who died. Now that the Soviet Union has broken up and Russia is its own country
there is more freedom, but the people still live under the yoke of an oppressive leader who does not
tolerate political or social challenges. The people do nothing to stand up to this government because
they have all been scarred by the decades they lived under Stalin. In the book The Unquiet Ghost:
Russians Remember Stalin, author Adam Hochschild entered Russia an interviewed people who had
survived Stalinism. What he found was that despite the fact that Stalin has been dead for decades, he
still lives as a tangible presence within the country. His memory functions as a reminder to all those
who dare to criticize President Putin or other members of the current government about how bad
things could be and this fear pushes them into
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Similarities Between Stalin And Lenin
Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin were both Bolsheviks looking to make a communist state in
Russia. They both had ideals and methods that brought them to where they got to and what they had
achieved. While Lenin was more of a democratic follower, and allowed inter–party discussions, he
was also a great theorist of socialism. He was also a communist who focused on the temporary
capitalist development of Russia. As for Stalin, he was an opportunist politician, and was also a
communist mostly just for his personal benefits and gains. He had and followed socialist policies
and didn't have the best personality and attitude, he was quite rude and disgraceful. These two
leaders were mainly shaped into who they were due to their past, by comparing them, it will show if
their pasts affected their ideology and methods as how different it was, also seeing how with the
similar aims, how with their different attitudes and personality, they were able to ... Show more
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They ruled with an iron fist and also had goals to eliminate anyone who was against their ideas.
Even thought they had similar intentions, the way they reached their goals were different. Lenin rose
to power after Russian society overthrew the czar, allowing him to take control of a democratic
republic, while Stalin rose to power after Russian society had already been under a dictatorship for
some time now. Also, while Lenin was more focused on socialist ideals to have complete economic
control on land and business, Stalin mainly focused on his communist ideology to maintain his
power violently, causing Stalin to fall out of his power and leadership quicker than Lenin. Adding on
the reasons they had such ways of doing things could have been connected to how their childhood
shaped their ideals, personalities and attitude, it was also the surroundings they grew up in that led
them to where they
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Political Ideologies During The Twentieth Century
The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such
as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important changes was the
increasing amount of wars. People have died in wars since the very beginning, but in the twentieth
century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among armies and civilian
populations, being terminal and causing a drastic amount of casualties. Furthermore, in the twentieth
century, two opposing dictatorships arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the
culmination of two different political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the mid–
nineteenth century. It all goes back to World War I, which produced an affected public that
increasingly seek to change their circumstances in life, but attempted to do so outside of the
established system. During the period leading up to World War II, there were two men who were on
opposing sides; the men were Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin. These men were each triumphant in
their rise to power in their countries and they were very comparable in the ways that they succeeded.
Their success was mostly attributed to their new ideas and their politics. As well, Adolf Hitler and
Joseph Stalin, two of the greatest dictators in world history demonstrated differences in ideology and
the way they rise to power, however they had similarities in the methods they used to control
society. The term "ideology" is used
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Everything Flows By Vasily Grossman
Throughout his novel Everything Flows, Vasily Grossman provides numerous occasions for defining
freedom. In the midst of attempting to give meaning to freedom, Grossman greatly invests in
wrestling with the issue of why freedom is still absent within Russia although the country has seen
success in many different ways. Through the idea and image of the Revolution stems Capitalism,
Leninism, and Stalinism. Grossman contends that freedom is an inexorable occurrence and that "to
live means to be free", that it is simply the nature of human kind to be free (200–204). The lack of
freedom expresses a lack of humanity in Russia, and though freedom never dies, if freedom does not
exist in the first place, then it has no chance to be kept alive. Through Grossman's employment of
the Revolution and the ideas that stem from it, he illustrates why freedom is still absent from
Russian society, but more importantly why the emergence of freedom is inevitable.
The confusion at the lack of freedom in Russia despite the success the country has experienced
through newly built cities, construction sites, and military victories, is exemplified by Grossman
early in the novel through the use of Ivan Grigoryevich, a Russian citizen recently released from the
Gulag (49). As daunting as that is, it is understandable why it is so. Freedom gives those who have it
the opportunity to choose as they wish, do as they wish, think as they wish, and say as they wish, but
to Grossman, that is not
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Lenin Laid the Foundation for Stalinism Essay
In order to establish whether Lenin did, indeed lay the foundation for Stalinism, two questions need
to be answered; what were Lenin's plans for the future of Russia and what exactly gave rise to
Stalinism? Official Soviet historians of the time at which Stalin was in power would have argued
that each one answers the other. Similarly, Western historians saw Lenin as an important figure in
the establishment of Stalin's socialist state. This can be partly attributed to the prevailing current of
pro–Stalin anti–Hitler sentiments amongst westerners until the outbreak of the cold war. As relations
changed between Russia and the rest of the world, so did the main historical schools of thought.
Following ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The detachment from the Cold War politics that pervaded the study of Lenin and Stalinism and
increased access to source material previously hidden has created a more objective viewpoint that
almost mediates between Soviet and right wing Western historians, both identifying changes and
lines of continuity. One such historian writes 'Excesses were the essence of historical Stalinism, and
they are what really require explanation'[2]. Identified here is the fact that many of the ideas and
practices seen under Lenin were continued and most importantly, developed by Stalin. His
personality, even Pipes admits, sets him apart from Lenin and goes some way towards explaining
the frequent examples of what Stalin would have called 'Leninist' ideologies and acts taken to a new
level. One such example is the use of terror. Right wing western historians often emphasise the
importance of the fact that it was under Lenin that terror was first used. Even Sheila Fitzpatrick, a
noted revisionist, points out that the genesis of the Purges carried out by Stalin in the 30s lay in the
'periodic cleansing' of the party practiced in the early 20s, in which every member of the party was
made to justify himself
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Inside a Totalitarian Regime: Key features of Stalinism Essay
Stalin's rule lasted almost thirty years, from the middle of the 1920's until his death in 1953. His rule
deeply transformed the USSR and destalinization is still not fully achieved today. While Stalinism
and Nazism are often compared because they were the two totalitarian regimes of the 20th century,
the Stalinist regime lasted for decades while Nazism collapsed after 12 years, thus raising several
questions concerning the particular nature of the Stalinist Society. What were the key features of
Stalinism, thus differentiating Stalin's policy from Lenin's and Marx's theory? Was Stalinism a
logical outcome of the Marxist theory or a betrayal of communism? In this perspective, one must
analyze Stalin's key policies, collectivization, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
W. Davies 1989, 1036) and the use of the agricultural production to finance the industrial expansion.
Despite Bolsheviks encouraging collectivization in the early years of the revolution, collective farms
had remained anecdotic . Stalin's arrival to power marked the start of a forced and often violent
campaign of collectivization. In agreement with his doctrine of Communism in one country, Stalin
aimed at developing a self–sufficient agricultural system based on the Marxist theory of collective
property of means of productions. In 1929, kolkhozy (farmers owned cooperative) and sovkhozy
(state owned farm employing farm workers) were created. Collectivization was as quick as brutal
and symbolized the inefficiency of the Soviet agricultural policy. Indeed, while collective farms
quickly became the majority agricultural model , thousands of prosperous peasants, the kulaks, were
expropriated, deported and executed: "More than one million peasant families–five million people,
at least – were dekulakized" (Viola 1996, 86). However, despite an increased workforce, the
interwar years' Soviet agricultural production never reached the prerevolutionary levels. Indeed, in
1937 which was the best interwar harvest, the agricultural production increased by 8.1 percent
compared to 1928 while the population increased by 12 percent in the same period (Davies 1989,
1030). Furthermore, the agricultural production was used to fuel the growing industry. Peasants
were
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Essay Impact of Stalanism on the Soviet State
The concept of Stalinism, being the ideologies and policies adopted by Stalin, including
centralization, totalitarianism and communism, impacted, to an extent, on the soviet state until 1941.
After competing with prominent Bolshevik party members Stalin emerged as the sole leader of the
party in 1929. From this moment, Stalinism pervaded every level of society. Despite the hindrance
caused by the bureaucracy, the impact of Stalinism was achieved through the implementation of
collectivization and the 5–year plans, Stalin's Political domination and Cultural influence, including
the 'Cult of the Personality'. This therefore depicts the influence of Stalinism over the Soviet State in
the period up to 1941. In the period before 1941, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 3 5–year plans focused on heavy industry, as well as an emphasis on electricity, coal, oil and
steel. The latter sections of industry greatly increased including coal (million tons) rising to 128 in
1937. Although during this time period, famine and forced labour occured, the 5–year plans were a
success. Through the implementation of Collectivization and the 5–year plans, it can be seen how
Stalinism impacted upon the economy, and thus the Soviet State. Although collectivization and the 5
year plans were a success, Stalinism faced its primary negative impact through these polices; the
Bureaucracy. This is a system of government in which lesser members of political parties make most
of the important decisions or control the happenings of the state. The peasants were the ones
carrying out Stalin's policies; however, they were working for nothing, which resulted in quotas not
being met, forcing the Bolshevik in charge of that sector to lie. Plans were developed to try and
contain the bureaucracy. Alexei Stakhanov allegedly cut 16 times the normal amount of coal in one
shift. Stalin and the government used this to provide ideological incentive for the workers, thus
inventing the 'Stakhanovites'. Despite this however, the bureaucracy was to remain, serving as the
foremost negative impact to Stalinism. Stalin's unquestionable dominance over the Bolshevik party
and their actions highlights the impact of Stalinism
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World War I: The Rise Of Nazism And Stalinism
After World War I, Europe saw a rise in strong totalitarian leaders and programs. Hitler used Nazism
to give Germany an economic rebound, in the same way Stalin used Stalinism to increase
production in Russia, and boost their economy. The circumstances of the time that led to the rise of
Nazism and Stalinism included the Treaty of Versailles and the Russian Revolution. In addition, the
leaders of these programs used previous ideas of nationalism, unification of the country, and
imperialism to rise to power and lead their nation. Nazism was created by Adolf Hitler in response
to terms of the Treaty of Versailles that Germany would have to pay extreme reparations to other
countries that had been involved in World War I. The circumstances of the time for Germany was
their desperation for things to get better and many people believed the countries involved in the
Treaty of Versailles took "all sovereign rights from us. We are just good enough that international
capital allows us to fill its money sacks with interest payments... Have we deserved it? No" (We
Demand, 1927). With this belief, Hitler used previous ideas of nationalism in his speech saying to
unite the German people for "as long as the German people was united it has never been conquered"
(Proclamations to The German People and the German ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hitler used the circumstances involving the unfair terms of the Treaty of Versailles and previous
ideas of nationalism and imperialism to rally a following in Germany and promote Nazism. Stalin's
rule was a product of the Russian Revolution and the death of Vladimir Lenin. He was put into
power as a puppet leader, but ended up increasing production and rallying his people with
nationalism and a total war economy. Although both Nazism and Stalinism did improve the
economies of Russia and Germany, the cost was great and millions of people perished under Hitler's
and Stalin's
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Trotsky 's Assessment Of The Continuity Between Stalinism...
Trotsky's assessment of the continuity between Stalinism and Leninism–Bolshevism is valid to a
certain extent. It is axiomatic that there is a multiplicity of factors that seem to correlate Stalinism to
Leninism, thus adding validity to Trotsky's assessment of the continuity. However the "straight–line"
theory of the continuity between the two ideological phenomena, implied by Trotsky, undermines
the divergence between them. Both phenomenons rose up in the Soviet Russia during the times of
civil unrest, but Stalinism can be seen as more of a "revolution from above" whilst the Bolsheviks–
Leninism can be seen as more of a "revolution from below".
The historical development of Stalinism can be traced and analyzed through its several stages. ...
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However, elements of discontinuity are also present as the revolution was perverted by the Stalinist
structure as the 'dictatorship of the proletariat" soon became the dictatorship of Stalin. Furthermore
Stalin's theory of "Socialism in One Country" betrayed that of the Marxist–Leninist theory of
propagating socialism to other countries.
In order to fully assess the validity of the statement, two fundamental factors must we must firstly
look at. Firstly the aspects of continuity that may have lead to the the statement.Secondly, factors
within the Stalinist regime that illustrate aspects of discontinuity from the Bolshevik regime. Lastly,
the reason for the characterization, on behalf of Trotsky to possibility to give validity to the Stalinist
regime, likening that to the popularized Leninist–Bolshevik regime.
Why does Trotsky legitimize the Stalinist regime as being linked to the Bolsheviks? Trotsky's
assessment of the of the Stalinist phenomenon certainly seems unexpected considering that any link
between the two systems would certainly seem to undermine Trotsky's creditably as the appropriate
successor of Lenin.
Trotsky was a renowned revolutionary who played a pivotal role during the Bolshevik
Revolutionary. He was born on November 7th, 1879 in Yanovka, Ukraine, to Jewish parents. In
many regards, Trotsky
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Similarities Between Lenin And Stalin
Lenin and Stalin were similar in a few ways, Lenin's ultimate goal for the Soviet Union and the
Communist party was World Revolution. World revolution was led by the working class called the
proletariat. With that Stalin has some of the similar ideas but went down a different road to establish
his idea and goal. When it comes to Stalinism, there are essential features that are unique. Stalin
used some ideas of Marxism and Leninism along with his own spin in it. One big difference that
makes Stalin different from Lenin is the policy that each had. Lenin's idea was world revolution,
where Stalin used his idea of socialism in one country. Stalin's socialism in one country focused
more on building up the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union is general. ... Show more content on
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The Five Year Plans were set up by Stalin and his right hand men; they set up these goals in a few
categories of the Soviet Union. It was called the Five Year Plan because they hoped to achieve
everything they set up in five years; once the goals were achieved they would discuss and set up the
next Five Year Plan. In the first Five Year Plan, it focused on agriculture. Before the plan, the
farmers and the workers essentially worked on their own farms that were run by their families,
allowing them to have the freedom to do as they pleased, but with Socialism on the brink everything
changed. Socialism includes the government in charge of everything, meaning that collective
farming was the new thing. With that farmers and the peasants were taken away from the farm and
then everyone was combined into what they called a "collective farm." This meant that everyone on
that farm had to work together to get the outcome that they wanted. People didn't have the choice of
having their farm put into a collective farm. In the case if anyone didn't like the idea or spoke out
against the actions they would be shipped to Siberia where they would work for hard labor or they
could be shipped to concentration camps. The idea of dekulakization happened to the kulaks,
meaning that if there were villages that had too many peasants would be liquidated. It was the same
concept as collective farming. A key thing with the Kulaks was that a Rich peasant was a "bad
peasant." Stalin's reasoning behind the planned economy and the use of collective farming would
make the Union a better place. With that the government would be in control of everything. That
was supposed to make the Union more efficient and effective, allowing everyone to have access to
and produce more food in order to feed the growing number of people and
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Ivan Denisovich
The crimes of Stalinism in Europe are endless. The experience of the people who lived under the
Soviet regime after the end of World War II lived in a time of terror, hopelessness and misery. For
Soviet citizens and the prisoners life was miserable. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, a short
novel written by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, is a story about the one day in the life of a person caught
between the chaos of the war and the faceless entity that controls their lives. The story takes place
somewhere in Siberia in 1951 at a "special" (forced labor) camp. Ivan is sent here after escaping
from the Germans that captured him and some other men on the northwest front. Due to the control
and paranoia of Stalinism, instead of being welcomed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The spoon is not made from any precious metals but the value lies in the fact that Ivan made the
spoon himself and there was no other like it. He keeps the spoon on him at all times, never
forgetting it. One of the facets of Stalinism is that there is no God. Everything will be provided by
Stalin. In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich there are a few examples that having a belief in
something is important to maintaining humanity despite the outward forces of the camp and
Stalinism. Ivan makes it point, no matter ho hungry he was, to take of his hat before eating because
"he could never bring himself to eat with his hat on" (p 28). This is an individual belief that Ivan
holds for himself and also distinguishes him from the rest of the prisoners. Alyosha, a fellow
prisoner, is devoted Baptist who prays regularly and keeps a handwritten copy of the New Testament
which he reads from daily. Alyosha maintains his faith to keep and engages in charitable acts. When
the 104th is waiting at the gates to enter the work site the narrator mentions that he looked happy
gazing at the sun, even in the bitter cold, and questions why. The narrator then concludes that it is
because of his faith that "[The Baptists] they shed the hardships of camp life like water off a duck's
back" (p 51). Alyosha represents having spiritual values rather than worldly ones. Worldly values
can cause people to lose their morals, their sense of self and cause them to do things that
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Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century: A brief...
POLITICAL SCIENCE 101
Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century
A brief Study of popular 20th Century political trends.
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of
the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of
the contents of the document.]
Political ideologies (P.I) have existed since the dawn of human Civilization; they have been fought
over, discredited, re–approached, and fought over again. Many exist and have been tried over
thousands of years. Still the question that plagues humanity is, how best do we manage
governmental affairs? It is best to understand that different political ideologies ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main thrust of the theory is that everyone was to work to their abilities, and everyone would
receive to their needs. The linchpin of this theory, however; was that it must occur in an already well
industrialized nation. Leninism/Stalinism takes the Marxist model and adjusts it slightly to take a
non–industrialized nation into modernity while simultaneously creating the "workers eutopia" Lenin
and Stalin did this mainly by force but Lenin also achieved this by using a quasi–capitalism called
"The new economic policy". Classic liberalism/Capitalism finds its roots with the age of
enlightenment and the emergence of the United States of America. The economic driving force
behind Classic liberalism is capitalism. The idea that economies grow and nations become powerful
with minimal government involvement. Central to this theme is the idea of free trade between
private parties. Classic liberalism relies also heavily individual rights and freedoms, an individual
free to live as they please with minimal government involvement. Progressivism/Socialism is an
attempt to lightly combine the idea's of Marxism and classic liberalism. With heavy reliance on
government regulation the idea is to manage a capitalist economy in order to evenly distribute goods
and service's equally to a nation's populace. There is also a strong tendency for socialist nation to be
very liberal in the social sense as well. Many types of deviant behaviors are considered to be be
more
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Devry Hist410 Midterm Exam
DEVRY HIST410 MIDTERM EXAM
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DEVRY HIST410 MIDTERM EXAM
Question 1. Question :
(TCO 1, 2) Analyze how imperialism and militarism contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you
think was the most important, and why? Question 2. Question :
(TCO 5, 6) Identify and analyze the first two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Use historical examples
to support your answer. In what ways did these revolutions radically change Russian society?
Question 3. Question :
(TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast German Nazism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Question :
(TCO 1, 2) Analyze how imperialism and militarism contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you
think was the most important, and why? Question 2. Question :
(TCO 5, 6) Identify and analyze the first two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Use historical examples
to support your answer. In what ways did these revolutions radically change Russian society?
Question 3. Question :
(TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast German Nazism and Stalin's Soviet Communism (Stalinism).
What were the similarities and differences between these two political ideologies? Use historical
examples to support your answer. Question 4. Question :
(TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast the empires of Germany and Japan before the outbreak of World
War II. Identify and describe the leadership qualities of their respective leaders. Make sure you use
enough historical details to support your
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Propaganda In Animal Farm
George Orwell, the pseudonym of english author Eric Arthur Blair, was an influential author of
novels, novellas, and essays that criticized the rise and practices of authoritarian governments. One
of his most revered works, Animal Farm, is hailed as a brilliant piece that satirizes the statues of
Stalinism by allegorizing its tumultuous rise and the harsh, often lethal loyalty Stalinism demands of
its followers. One of the hallmarks of Stalinist rule is its frequent use of propaganda. In his novella,
Animal Farm, Orwell presents the use of propaganda in a Stalinist society through the deification of
a leader, the use of scapegoating against an exiled revolutionary and against the vices of man; and
exposes the practice of engendering fear into the population of Animal Farm. In Animal Farm, the
leader of Animal Farm, Napoleon, frequently uses self–deification tactics to elevate his status above
the working animals of the farm. Orwell stated that Napoleon "was always referred to in formal
style as 'our Leader, Comrade Napoleon,' and the pigs liked invent for him such titles as Father of
All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheep–fold, Ducklings' Friend, and the like"
(Orwell 93). These titles expressed that Napoleon was a benevolent, powerful, and god–like figure,
which elevated him over the common animal on Animal Farm. His titles also projected a feeling of
superiority, which made the animals fear his presence and the presence of other pigs. As the pigs
arrived
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Stalinism: The Separation Between Katya And Anastacia
In the beginning, Ivan Sanchin was very fond about Stalin. Sanchin was very happy and proud upon
finding out that he is appointed to the Kremlin as a private projectionist for Stalin. Sanchin loves
Stalin more than his wife, Anastacia, as if Stalin were God. Stalin's terror affected Sanchin's
relationship with Anastacia as she wanted to adopt Katya, but Katya is a Jew. Sanchin disapprove
Anastacia's decision and stated that Katya is the enemy of the people. Sanchin's action shows his
lack of caring toward the feelings of Anastacia, but Anastacia was happy for Sanchin and still loves
him dearly. Going against Sanchin's will, Anastacia visits Katya at the state orphanage. The
separation between Katya's biological parents and Anastacia affected her growth as she lacks
security and protection from her loved ones.
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Soviet Union Research Paper
COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
To understand why unlike the Soviet Union's political system, China's is not near collapse, one must
first understand why and how the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) collapsed, resulting
in the collapse of the Soviet Union itself. After the October Revolution, the CPSU adopted Leninism
as the main party ideology, and moved swiftly to adopt socialist changes. However, as Lenin's health
declined, his main supporters, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, began fighting amongst themselves.
Stalin won, forcing Trotsky into exile, and after Lenin's death, began implementing a series of
policies known as Stalinism to solidify his totalitarian rule. Partly influenced by fascism, Stalin
promoted the cult of personality ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leonid Brezhnev, who took power after Khrushchev, attempted to reinstate Stalinism back into the
Soviet Union. His reign created the neo–Stalinist period in Russia, albeit with a series of economic
reforms that favored light industries and the production of consumer goods than heavy industry.
Brezhnev also supported weakening animosities with the West in order to improve relations,
attempting to improve the social and economic condition within the Soviet Union. However, due to
health problems, much of the actual implementation was carried out by others within the CPSU
leadership. Being on average older than the general population, the CPSU leadership was mostly
conservative, which hindered the progress. Overall, through trying to combine the conservative and
relatively outdated ideologies of Stalinism with failing economic reforms, Brezhnev was credited
with the Era of Stagnation in the Soviet Union, being unable to deal with both internal and
international affairs. Following Brezhnev was Yuri Andropov, a reformist who, during his short time
as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, pushed for more freedom in media
and appointed several other reformers into key positions in the CPSU. Konstantin Chernenko, who
took power against Andropov's wishes following his demise, attempted to shift back into the
Brezhnev era policies, while also promoting reforms in education and the role of labor unions.
However, poor health prevented him from properly implementing policies, and de facto power
remained with reformer Mikhail Gorbachev. By this point, the constant fighting between reformists
and Stalinists, together with conflicting and ineffective policies, had severely damaged the Soviet
economy, as well as deteriorated international relations, escalating the Cold War, and slowly
worsened socioeconomic and political tensions within
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Similarities Between Ivan The Terrible And Alexander Neevsky
consolidation of power and hard line treatment of those whom he considered to be counter–
revolutionary.
Furthermore, Alexander Nevsky was a figure that could convey the importance of strong leadership
and, somewhat unintentionally the primacy of the Russian people as well. Since Ivan the Terrible
and Alexander Nevsky were important, near–mythological figures in Russia, the revision of their
historical importance allowed the Soviet government to justify its actions through an appeal to the
authority of individuals with whom the population could identify or were very familiar. Both
Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the Terrible were filmed during the era in which the artistic theory
known as socialist realism, the artistic aesthetic officially supported by the Soviet government, was
espoused as the definitive socialist art form.
Socialist realism existed within the framework created by Stalin's Cultural Revolution, which ended
in 1931. The First ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part of socialist realism's appeal to the Soviet government was that it provided the framework for an
art form that was both easy to understand for a population that was overwhelmingly rural and
undereducated, while also disseminating socialist ideals and Soviet policy to a wide range of people.
Furthermore, socialist realism, as an art form that would impart ideas to its audience rather than
demand that they interpret the work themselves, was intended to prevent viewers from coming to
anti–Soviet conclusions, whether they were intentionally inserted into the film or not. Socialist
realism was no doubt, in part, a reaction to more radical art forms that had been pioneered in the
years following the revolution and during the Cultural Revolution. Eisenstein's goals for montage
were similar to that of socialist realism. Even prior to 1932, Eisenstein used montage to promote
socialist ideology and support the
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Thatcher's Thesis: Surface Similarities Between Hitler And...
Thatcher's thesis is that surface similarities between Hitler and Stalin are what explain the
differences that are deeper. After reading Thatcher's thesis, I think that his article is not viable in the
light of the material from the textbook. The textbook is not able to go into detail about the
differences between Hitler and Stalin. Instead, it states Hitler's and Stalin's motives. Stating the
motives, I was able to compare and see that they were similar. In that instance, it almost makes it so
the article is viable in the light of the material of the book. However, since the book only contains
the certain big events that took place with these two men, the thesis does not work with the book
material. Hitler and Stalin appear to the public that
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Totalitarian Ideologies Of Fascism And Stalinism
Maheera Syed
Totalitarian Ideologies
The economic downfalls and Great Depression following World War I, provided the perfect
atmosphere for Nazism, Fascism and Stalinism, which had been developing during the war, to rise.
Breaking with the constantly undermined values of individual liberties, freedom and democracy,
many flocked towards the bold leaders of each of these ideologies for a better future. Despite taking
place in different countries, each of these three totalitarian ideologies, led by Adolf Hitler, Benito
Mussolini and Joseph Stalin, were able to garner a massive following through violence and media,
while promising the desperate people, renewal, ease and economic prosperity in their war–torn
countries.
After a successful march on Rome, where King Victor Emmanuel III was forced to promote Benito
Mussolini to the status of Prime Minister, the essentially self–appointed dictator would ignite
fascism in Italy. The former political journalist defined fascism writing that "the more it considers
and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of
the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace." The Black Shirts,
which consisted of young men and veterans who supported Mussolini's promotion of militarization
and led attacks against Parliament, were attracted towards his promise of a "military utopia and the
restoration of men's warrior status." Their emblem, the fasces, which
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Antonio Gramsci Prison Notebooks
Antonio Gramsci's ideology adheres to the fundamental re–orientation of Marxist thought applied to
the revolutionary change in the context of 20th Century Western European society. His discourse on
the dynamics of class struggle and the power of dominating institutions, forms the foundation of a
distinct cultural critique of the causes and consequences of the elite's maintenance of hegemony
(dominance) – that is, through the consent of the mass of people as a result of the ruling classes
propagation of 'false consciousness.' Whilst accepting Marx's analysis of capitalism and the ongoing
struggle between the ruling class and the subordinate working class as the driving force which
interacted within society, Gramsci put forward key concerns on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was then the main task of a socialist movement, with the intention of breaking the ideological
bonds between the ruling class and the general population. The central theme of Gramsci's
theoretical reflections in his prison notebooks is the taking and management of power by an
emerging historical force intent on creating a new civilisation. In his writings, Gramsci's exploration
on the potential of Marxism, enabled an alternative form of a communist society. In response to the
emergence of a totalitarian regime under Stalin, Professor Pellicani revived the works of Gramsci to
offer an alternative to communism which aimed at a truer Marxism devoid of coercion and evil.
While the fundamental nature of Marxism calls on the need for a utopian society, Pellicani
concludes that through an attempt to reorganise civilisation according to a single principle,
totalitarianism is the inevitable result of all programs that aim at a perfect world. In the aftermath of
the Russian Revolution and Lenin's leadership, the Russian state and its coercive arms allowed for
the dictatorship of Stalin to arise. Stalinism enforced state terror, rapid industrialisation and a
command economy whereby all society was subservient to Stalin's will. A cult of personality was
developed with Stalin placed as the super–human embodiment of the Russian Revolution – Stalin,
man of steel; perfection of Soviet man. A critical objective of Stalinism was the concept of a
classless society. While the basis of communism stems from marxist theory, Gramsci stressed that
socialism could never be imposed from above, but would have to be the self–conscious expression
of the oppressed groups
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Historical Revisionism In Film By Vertov
Vertov's use of montage has several important implications for the film, including how it revises the
history of Lenin, Stalin's rise to power, and particularly life in the non–Russian Soviet republics.
Historical revisionism in Three Songs of Lenin should not only be attributed to Stalinism, but also to
Vertov's use of montage. Unlike Vertov's depiction of Soviet life in The Man with a Movie Camera,
which requires a somewhat sophisticated analysis of documentary film to properly understand the
film as historical in nature, the historical revisionism in Three Songs of Lenin is far more readily
apparent. The first song, quite short in length, likens the darkness of the Muslim woman's veil to the
darkness of ignorance, and contends that Lenin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fictionalization of events, whether they were real events or entirely fabricated, was an inherent
if not articulated component of both Eisenstein and Vertov's theories of montage. The desire to find
a socialist art form capable of expressing the truth according to socialism led both directors to
express truth only from an ideological point of view. They not only inaccurately displayed historical
events, but also assigned to them false emotions, ideological conclusions and outcomes. Whether it
was the implied mass involvement in the Russian Revolution in October, the industrialization in The
Man with a Movie Camera, the fictionalized relationship between Ivan and his subjects in Ivan the
Terrible, or the deification of Lenin and the transference of immortality to Stalin in Three Songs of
Lenin, the creation of meaning through montage necessarily led to the creation of false history as
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Imperialist Autocracy In Russia
Through the USSR rule, a great number of imperial autocracy aspects of its forms of governance,
social and economic reforms were reproduced such as central control and nationalism policies, for
example, Russification. However, there is a debate if Stalinism was a continuation of Tsarist
autocracy due to differences between two regimes as the Bolshevik government categorically
refused to be defined as an empire; contrastingly, its leaders saw imperialism as the policy adopted
in capitalist states which have been viewed as competitors and enemies which bring a contradictory
argument. This essay will argue that although in theory, the differences between Imperialism and
Communism were colossal, a leading argument about Russia, famously defended ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
His theory is based on the role of key individuals that led Russia to the Revolution. In contrast, he
ignores the contribution of the masses as he sees them as largely irrational, passive and anarchic in
their demands and actions. From Pipes' view the Revolution was lead by the superior organisation
and subterfuge of the masses by an elite whose goal was to seize power. Post–revolutionary events
proved to be undemocratic, authoritarian and intolerant nature of the October revolutionaries
developing the totalitarian tendencies: Bolsheviks were the only legal party, a one–ideology state
which had control over every aspect of its population. In Pipes' eyes, the Revolution was a
totalitarian coup meaning that the main aspects of autocracy were carried on, therefore, Stalinism
was a continuation of the Russian autocracy and the Revolution did not bring many significant
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Night By Frankl Summary
Life during the Nazis or the Soviets time period was depressing and made many to lose their sense
of humanity and immune to the torments. As Frankl sees it as "this was an unrelenting struggle for
daily bread and for life itself, for one's own sake or for that of a good friend." Frankl gave his
readers a vivid description of his life in the camp by the selection process as he asserts "was the
signal for a free fight among all the prisoners, or of group against group." The selection process was
the first step to determine whether a person goes to the gas chamber or sent to do other labor. The
authorities could care less about their names and in turn used numbers to determine the captives as
these numbers are tattooed on their skin or sewn into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the problem of survival for Frankl really comes down to striving as long as one could. In
contrast, people under Stalinism "once you have been steeped in blood, you can only become more
cruel." One could not find kindheartedness in this place, as "you'd never be able to chain all those
who were drunk on blood!" This situation would be scary and intimidated to grasp as people here
are intensely brainwashed into being the person that they are not. Due to their surroundings, they are
forced to conform and practice this
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Shelia Fitzpatrick's Everyday Stalinism
This historical study will define the similarities of dictatorial nationalism that were present in the
social conditions in the pre–WWII era in Germany and the Soviet Union. The primary focus of
Shelia Fitzpatrick's, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the
1930s, provides a historical account of Stalin's dictatorial regime during the 1930s. Stalin's
governing practices during the 1930s marked a trend away from the collective ideology of
communist practices under Lenin, which Fitzpatrick defines as part of the increased anti–Jewish
purge in Soviet society. This focus presents the increasing level of pro–Russian nationalism as part
of the anti–Semitic culture of Stalin's nationalistic pogrom. The fear of persecution often forced
Jews to change their names: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fitzpatrick's historical account of Stalin's dictatorship is defined within the context of "communism"
as a type of political/governmental ideology. Ironically, the Marxist interpretation of "communism"
would never allow ethnic or religious disputes between the proletariat to interfere with the equal
distribution of goods and services amongst the population. However, Fitzpatrick (2000) is
discussing Stalin as a type of dictator that took charge of the Communist Party in order to satiate his
own anti–Semitic bigotry during the Great Purge. This perspective is far more complex than what
Kaplan (1999) and Burleigh (1991) offer in their evaluation of the anti–Semitism of Hitler, since
Stalin is supposed to be a "leader" of a communist government. This type of anti–Semitic culture in
the Soviet Union defines a pan–European tendency to blame Jews for economic problems in the
1930s. For instance, anonymous letters sent to the Kremlin accused Stalin of being controlled by
Jewish financiers and political
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Stalinism: The Great Terror
The purges, show trials and use of Terror plunged the Soviet Union into a state of fear and
intimidation that served to transform the nation into a totalitarian dictatorship, from which Stalinism
developed during the 1930s. The show trials and purges of political opponents covered the entire
breadth of this period and were significant in the development of Stalinism as it destroyed existing
political dissent towards policies (their implementation and continuation). The use of terror and
purges upon society also helped the growth of Stalinism for it divided Russia as people, living in
fear of execution, became distrustful towards one another, but increasingly dependent and obedient
to Stalin. In addition, the purge of the military allowed Stalinism ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As Lee states, the Tukchavesky Affair in June 1937 purged 3–7% of the Red Army's high
commanding generals on the basis that they were involved in a Trotskyist conspiracy against Stalin.
Figes argues that these purges were a pre–emptive move conducted by Stalin in order to eliminate a
potential rival and source of opposition to Stalin's planned purges against the nomenklatura. In turn,
Stalin was determined to assert his power and control over the military through the use of purges,
evident in Stalin's authorisation of the arrest of over thirty–five thousand serving officers (Wood).
By the end of the 1930s, the Red Party had been decimated in regards to both manpower and
influence, as ninety–percent of the army had been purged, including many of its experienced leading
officers (Wood). This not only increased Stalin's authority but also led to the inexperience of the
armed services during times of German aggression and the threat of a European war. Russia was
consequently unable to defeat Germany in 1941 and became vulnerable to the horrors of war.
Hence, although the utilisation of terror and show trials and purges perpetuated the growth of
Stalinism for it provided Stalin with critical power over the army, it also consequently led to the
weakening and failures of the Russian defence
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The Ideological Content And Violent Practices Of Stalinism...
To what extent were the ideological content and violent practices of Stalinism consisted with
Leninist principles?
This essay will examine the extent to which the political phenomena know as Stalinism was a
derivative of Leninist principle. Stalinism being defined as the governing polices implemented
under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, particularly during the period between the end of the New
Economic Policy in 1929 and the death of Stalin 1953. These policies were characterised by the use
of extreme violence in the form of persistent State terror in order to achieve social and political
ends. Specific examples such as the collectivisation of agriculture and the Great purge of the
communist party have all been attributed to the Stalinist system. Stalinism also places greater
priority on the creation of 'socialism in one country' rather than the spreading of revolution abroad
through communist internationalism. The extent to which the Stalinist system was a product of or a
degeneration of Leninism has been intensely debated by historians. Leninism being defined as a
form of Marxism where the Bolshevik party would seize power and maintain a dictatorship through
the use of violence, in order for socialism and eventually communism to be created. This essay will
seek to explore whether the violent policies associated with Stalinism where the result of the
continuation by Stalin of the processes initiation by Vladimir Lenin under his direction and whether
the intentions of
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Stalin in Power Essay
The leadership capabilities give a person freedom to decide which way to use them. One can use
them to reach the power; another can use them to enrich others. In Stalin's case having leadership
resulted in policies that had negative effect on country stabilization. The millions of people lost due
to Stalin's regime was a devastating blow to the Soviet Union. Although, the Soviet Union made
more progress under Stalin than under any other leader of the Soviet Union, but it happened at a
great cost. The enforced policies were meant to improve the overall standards of the people but they
had the opposite effect and created chaos. Vladimir IIyich Lenin was one of the biggest influences
on Stalin and the way he would come to rule the Soviet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They raised, rather than lowered the goals and intensified the pressures to meet them. Stalin
said,"We are bound by no laws. There are no fortresses the Bolsheviks cannot storm, (Kort
202)"That was a way of symbolizing how powerful he was and what things they were capable of.
Stalin's chaos started with the First Five–Year plan which was introduced in April 1929. This policy
called for drastic increases in industrial production, heavy industry, coal, pig iron, and electricity. "If
the First Five–Year Plan was anything at all, it was a propaganda piece signaling the regime's
intention to push the nation ahead at a reckless speed, regardless of the costs (Kort 201)".
Collectivization was another part of the First Five–Year Plan and consisted of forcing people to
move from urban areas to collective farms to produce more agricultural products. "By March 1930,
less than three months into the campaign, almost 60 percent of the Soviet Union's peasants–about 15
million households totaling 70 million people had been driven from their homesteads into collective
farms. (Kort 204)." If peasants opposed too strenuously, as many did, they were likely to be branded
as kulaks who are considered prosperous or kulak sympathizers and divest. Many of the Kulaks
were killed or sent to camps in Siberia and forced to live in awful conditions often including
malnutrition. The Second Five–Year Plan was enforced in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Communism: Similarities Between Stalin And The Communist...
Stalinism defined the ideology, policies and actions led by Stalin and the Communist Party in the
years 1929 to 1941. Totalitarianism refers to the absolute rule of a dictator over a state without
restriction from a constitution, laws, or opposition. According to the criteria proposed by Carl
Friedrich, the Soviet Union under Stalinism reflected a totalitarian state through the use of a
centralised economy, control of party, ideology, media, armed forces and terror.
Firstly, the establishment of a command economy through industrialisation and collectivisation
meant that Stalin and the Communist Party were able to completely manipulate the direction of the
economy. Under the control of the State Planning Authority (Gosplan), a series of '5–year ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of terror included the process of dekulakisation and a number of purges throughout Russia.
However, to conduct such terror, Stalin took control of the armed forces and the Secret Police
(NKVD). The kulaks were richer peasants who were seen as barriers to collectivisation due to their
capitalist practices of grain hoarding. Due to this, Stalin planned the dekulakisation throughout the
proletariat. Anyone who now opposed collectivisation was branded as a kulak and either sent to the
gulags or killed. By the end of Stalin's leadership, Conquest argues 31 million had been sent to the
gulags or executed under the purges and show trials. Stalin also used the purges for his own benefit.
The purges were used to remove political rivals and eventually any undesirable elements in Stalin's
Russia. As Wood states, 'Stalin used the purges to exterminate his rivals and critics, both real and
imagined, to consolidate his tyrannical power.' The purges began with the death of Sergei Kirov, one
of Stalin's rivals. Stalin also implemented show trials, in which rivals were accused of crimes they
did not commit. This included prominent figures such as Kamenev and Zinoviev. By eliminating
those who posed a threat to his leadership, Stalin gained further control of the party. Subsequently,
the 'Great Terror' (Ezhovschina) ensued and was characterised by fear, suspicion and conformity.
Anyone who did not conform to Stalin's Russia was tried as 'an enemy of the state' or a 'deviationist'
and either killed or sent to the gulags. The Terror ultimately brought all aspects of Soviet life under
the control of the state and its leadership. Therefore, the Soviet Union to a considerable extent was a
totalitarian state with the terror that emerged under
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Soviet Union Under Stalin
It is not surprising that a country that was once ruled by totalitarian principles and ideologies
exhibits some elements of autocracy today. In this context, these elements are manifested in either
one or more branches of government, like the judiciary. On the same note, they may be evident in
other governmental systems, such as law enforcement units (army or police). This means that the
authorities in place exploit all the possible opportunities to utilize and manipulate the army, police,
and judicial processes for their self–interests. Concisely, totalitarianism has survived the fall of
totalitarian regimes in the Caucasus countries.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) forms the basis of this analysis because the
renowned Soviet Union under Stalin played a crucial role in coining the term "Caucasus states". In
essence, these were countries in between Europe and Asia that were more of colonized by the
Russian Empire. Later, during the Communist era they paid extreme and mandatory allegiance to
Stalin and other. In this regard, Stalinism became a movement to reckon with just like Nazism in
Germany. Basically, the two systems of autocratic and dictatorial governments clearly demonstrated
the most fundamental or essential features of totalitarianism.
In Stalinism, totalitarianism involved the application of external pressure and coercion on people
through the control of their actions and thoughts. During this time, the USSR categorically justified
their method of
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Similarities Between Nazism And Stalinism
When compared, Nazism and Stalinism are most often debated in terms of totalitarian regimes.
Further comparisons can be made however, when looking at how both regimes were able to ascend
to totalitarian status and how the aims of Stalinism and Nazism compare. Both Germany and Russia
possessed imperialistic ambitions that spilled over into Central and Eastern European countries.
Both Nazism and Stalinism sought to build utopic societies by implementing a final and permanent
revolution. People that did not fit into to the utopic image created by Stalin and Hitler would be
forcibly removed from each society by the use of violence and terroristic tactics. As Nazism and
Stalinism rose to power, they implemented a system of inclusion and exclusion by creating an image
that all nationals should aspire to. Poland was a victim of both regimes' attempts at utopia and was
nearly completely lost to the annals of history.
A serious comparison can be made by comparing Stalinist Russia and Nationalist Germany by
assessing the use of terror and violence on minority groups, namely the Poles. Both regimes came to
believe that difference and dissent were a threat and sought to eliminate those differences by
employing extermination campaigns within Poland. Both used violence and terror to force others to
submit to their motivations.
Germany:
National Socialism is not a cult–movement–a movement for worship; it is exclusively a 'volkic '
political doctrine based upon racial principles. In
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Political Elements Of 1984
George Orwell's book, 1984, was and still is an astonishing success. Every year this book rises to the
top of the charts than falls back down until the next year comes around. Even though 1984 is a book
from 1949, somehow it stays relevant in modern day society. Many people ask the question why and
the answer is not as simple as you may think. 1984 has many elements in it that makes it perfect for
studying in a school. The book has a big focus on government control as well as politics, uses many
writing elements very well, and the book itself is relatively good. One of the most intriguing parts of
the book is the politics and policies it depicts. This is because George Orwell's 1984, depicts a
dystopian society which exposes the fears and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A third intriguing part of Oceana which relates to Stalin's Russia was the purges. Stalin had multiple
purges to get rid of people who he saw as unloyal. In 1984, Oceana had a great purge which did the
same thing. "The great purges involving thousands of people, with public trials of traitors and
thought–criminals who made abject confession of their crimes and were afterwards executed, were
special show–pieces not occurring oftener than once in a couple of years." (Orwell). The purges are
politically important because they follow the idea of Stalinism, which in short is a harsh form of
socialism. Like Stalin's Russia, Oceana was created with the help of capitalism. Capitalism is what
America's government is formed around. Since Oceana included it is not suprising that this empire
started being built by capitalism. Use capitalism qoute (Book1 Chap 8)You can infer from this qoute
that capitailism united people against itself while also giving the government lots and lots of wealth.
People convinced the poor to overthrow capitalism and create a socialist world. The wealth made
from the capitalist government would help keep this socialist power alive. This socialist word started
becoming more and more stalinist and tolterianistic. Totalitarianism is brought into this society
through stalinism, since stalinism is a form of totalitarianism. In the book you can see many hints
leading the society to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Impact Of Stalinism

  • 1. Impact Of Stalinism Assess the impact of Stalinism on the Soviet State until 1941 1st paragraph – Stalin, the cult of personality Stalin's cult of personality, derived through propaganda, censorship and education, was an essential element of Stalinism which had a significant impact on the society and culture of the Soviet State between until 1941. Stalin's 50th birthday on 21 December 1929 initiated the moment in Stalin's dictatorship in which the leader became an object of worship. Millions of party member came to compare Stalin to Lenin, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Eventually the cult of Stalin saw him as a political, military, scientific and philosophical genius. While the people feared Stalin, they were still drawn to his patriotism and love for the Motherland. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Stalin's Five Year Plans included the embarkment of huge industrial projects and a campaign to collectivise agriculture. Almost all party members agreed that the Soviet State would require massive industrial growth to achieve a secure society. Collectivisation was to be undertaken to ensure food supplies to the cities and help "mechanisation, increase output and reduce costs". The first of Stalin's Five Year Plans reflected Lenin's ideas of giving priority to industries such as hydro– electric power, coal, iron, steel ships, railways, and machinery. However, this first plan failed due to falls in food and consumer goods output and the many unrealistic plan targets. The second of the Five Year Plans was scheduled to begin in October 1928 and "focused on the production of consumer goods for the workers and peasants to increase their production," as well as development of heavy industry base for the military. The third of the Five Year Plans was intended to increase the supply of scarce consumer goods. However, the Third Plan never met its goals as it was interrupted by the German attack on Russia in June ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Symbolism In Animal Farm, By George Orwell Animal farm is a story of animals rebelling against their harsh human owner, Mr. Jones. The revolution starts by a ig named old Major giving them the idea for the revolution, and the idea of an equal society through animalism. Old Major dies, but the animals finally do rebell, and turn their farm, known as Manor farm, into Animal farm. The farm is lead by the pigs, mainly Snowball and Napoleon, because the pigs are smarter. They begin to learn and read and write the six commandments to protect the animals and the equality. They promise to never become like the evil humans. As the book continues, Napoleon and Snowball butt heads and argue. This leads to Napoleon chasing snowball off the farm with his killer dogs and assuming all power. Continuously, the pigs take more and more power from the other animals. Napoleon kills anyone who opposes him with his dogs. One of Napoleon's most faithful workers, a horse named Boxer, got injured. Napoleon promised to send him to the hospital but instead sent him to the slaughterhouse to be turned into glue. The pigs start walking on two legs, wearing clothes, and become harsh leaders. By the end of the book, the animals cannot tell the difference between a pig and a human (Orwell)(Stephenson). George Orwell's book animal farm, uses large amount of symbolism. One popular interpretation is that Animal farm is an allegory for the Russian revolution with the events and characters relating to real life events, historical figures, and idea. Many ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Political Differences Between Russo And China Whenever people think of communism, Russian SFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and China, as two biggest communist polity, always come to people's mind first. Likewise, at any time people mention authoritarianism, they will never miss the two biggest authoritarian regimes: Russia (Russian Federation) and China. The former, with the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, the world's first and largest communist polity and the prime facilitator of communist political system came to an end, which creates the modern Russia Federation, a country that still persists in authoritarianism but applies democratic political system and constitution. The latter, after experience multiple destructive invasions and humiliating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The following October Revolution permanently ended the rule of Provisional Government, leaving all the political power to the Soviets. After a long, decimating civil war and a series of social, political, and economic transitions, the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was formally founded as the world's first communist polity with one party rule of the Bolsheviks. Meanwhile, Bankrupt of Republic of China demonstrates the failure of China's first democracy transition, leaving mainland China to be fully taken over by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party), which established the modern PRC (People's Republic of China), another communist regime. (China: U.S. policy since 1945, 1980) Flaws Inside the Social System In 1922, by gradually consolidating his influence and isolating and outmaneuvering his rivals within the party, Stalin became the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union and, established totalitarian rule, which contains a series of radical economic reformations, aiming at thoroughly change the agricultural and industrial structure. The new policies, known as Stalinism, indicate that the New Economic Policy has been annihilated. Stalinist policies and ideas, as developed in the Soviet Union, included rapid industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, a centralized state, collectivization of agriculture, cult of personality (Jan Plamper, 2012) and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. To What Extent Did Stalin’s Rule Mar the Key Turning Point... To what extent did Stalin's rule mar the key turning point in Russia's political development 1856– 1953? In an historical context, a 'turning point' can be categorized as an event o impact caused by an individual that, had it not occurred, would have altered the final outcome of a period of history. In the period of Russian history 1856–1953 there is no doubt there was a huge amount on political change, at the bringing of the period Russia was a state ruled by an autocratic Tsar and by the end it had seen provisional governments, local and national assemblies and a whole variety of rulers, some more autocratic and reactionary than others. Stalin's period of rule in Russia could be seen as the most brutal rule Russia saw in this period, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... These purges allowed him to remove any political opponents to himself or the party. He has been judged very harshly but a number of historians, including Steve Phillips judge that 'enormous human costs of the policy and Stalin's personal manipulation of policy to his own advantage'5 where some of the reasons as to why he is viewed in such a bad light, others see what he did as necessary. Martin McCauley wrote that 'the future is built on the bones of the past'6 taking a more Marxist view of the long term result being of greater importance than the short term impacts. There are also questions over Stalin's objectives, as at times they seemed contradictory, 'economically Stalin was building Socialism, but politically he was destroying it'7. A number of historians contest this and consider Stalin to be a product of his time rather than a genuine key individual, 'Stalin's rise to power was not based on human qualities; it resulted from the functioning of an inhuman machine, the bureaucracy'8 . Stalin and Lenin took very different stances; Lenin followed Socialism in one country whilst Stalin wanted international socialism. Stalin was also far more brutal than Lenin. My judgment is that the turning point in this period (1916–17) was Lenin dissolving the Constituent Assembly as it was the true rejection of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Roy Medvedev Analysis With the destruction of the Tsarist regime, Russia stood at a crossroads no state had ever been at. For the first time ever, a Socialist nation advocating Communism had managed to create a functioning state. The works of Marx and Engels, pushed forth as the cure for the oppression of the proletariat, had fallen successfully on the ears of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who, with his theory of the Vanguard party, pushed the Russian Empire into the Soviet era. Leninism became the central tenant of the Soviet system, being advocated and admired by every successive Soviet leader, and by many in modern Russia to this day. The modernity of the issue leads many in modern Russia to justify certain actions, harkening back to Lenin himself, still displayed in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The virtues of one are inherently found in the other, the downfalls of one, inherently found in the other as well. Lenin's own realization of this near the end of his life, his insistence on trying to prevent any one man from taking power in the USSR, proves that while attempting to prevent Stalinism, Lenin's own foundational government set the path for it. Leninism was naturally led to Stalinism, and that must be addressed lest it be used to justify, misleadingly, the same once ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Communism: Similarities Between Tsarism And Stalinism Despite they're being many similarities between Tsarism and Stalinism, it is too far to say Joseph Stalin acted in a way for him to be known as a "Red Tsar". He implemented much of the same strategies as the Tsars before him but also drifted away and opposed much of Tsarism. His believed communism was the underlying factor in changing Russia, which wasn't the case of a Tsarist regime. He portrayed himself as a personality cult who used the media to convey an ideolised heroic version of himself, very much like Tsar Nicholas II. He also implemented much of the same governmental structures of Tsarism, just under the badge of communism. Whilst Tsars had their body of Nobles and Okrana, Stalin had his Nomenklatura and NVKD. He controlled, manipulated ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Totalitarian System In The Drowned And The Saved FINAL ESSAY The Totalitarian system has been identified by many writers as a ruthless, brutal and potent form of political tyranny whose ambitions for world domination are unlimited. Totalitarianism is a complex system containing a wide range of components. Multiple aspects of this system are reflected in "The Trial" by Franz Kafka, "Darkness at Noon" by Arthur Koestler and "The Drowned and the Saved" by Primo Levi, but there is one component of the system that stands out of the crowd, freedom. In the first place, Freedom, one of the main components of Totalitarianism, is reflected in Kafka's book. The protagonist K. in "The Trial" fights the totalitarian system in multiple ways and he is trapped. The concept that K. missed is that in order ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Nazism offers even worse; fake freedom. The soldiers would offer prisoners the "choice" between working for them or die, in a condition where survival was primordial. Hitler clearly knew the prisoners would work for him, since if every prisoner refused to work for him his system wouldn't have worked and he wouldn't have managed to almost conquer the entire Europe. Levi in "The Drowned and the Saved" talks about his experience in the camp and his survival. He explains the relationship between prisoners, the situation in the camp... Despite his work citing his own experience, it could also be mixed with fiction. Primo Levi was a chemist before going into the concentration camps, then he wrote his experiences. Thinking critically, he is more of an artist, as he says prisoners are citing their experience which can't be consider as fact. Just like history, it has to be treated and to be considered as personal experience and not facts. On the other hand, Levi points out accurate fact, for instance, the Nazi would work prisoners until they dropped, then kill them for the crime of exhaustion. Nazism was harsh and freedom was clearly not part of it. The lack of freedom was expressed explicitly as the SS would tell the prisoners that no prisoners living in this place would ever be allowed to leave. Totalitarianism applied in the concentration camps is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26.
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  • 29. What Did Joseph Stalin Could Be Considered A Red Tsar? Task B Essay Cara Robertson 'Discuss to what extent Joseph Stalin could be considered a 'Red tsar' Soso Djugashvili, more commonly known as Joseph Stalin, 'man of steel', dictator of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Russia, can be considered a 'Red Tsar' to an extent when features of Stalinism are compared to those of Tsarism and Russia ruled by Nicholas II's autocratic regime from 1894 to 1917. A 'Red Tsar' is a communist leader whom follows similar principles followed under the leadership of a Tsar, that were influenced by few opinions allowing sole leadership and little opposition from others. Stalin can be considered a 'Red Tsar' to an extent as he ruled Communist Russia as a somewhat totalitarian state and was considered a 'God–like' figure sent to Earth to lead the nation and its people. From Stalin's reign of terror from 1929 to 1953 there can be similarities seen in his regime to features of Tsarism as well as differences, this is why there are alternative interpretations for Stalin being considered a 'Red Tsar'. A key factor to why Stalin can be considered a 'Red Tsar' is that their was similarities of Stalinism to the three key features that made up Tsarism, autocracy, nationalism and orthodoxy as well as economic policy. The system of personalized control in Stalin's dictatorship was very similar to that of a Tsar. As mentioned before Stalin was considered a 'God–like' leader much like Tsars were considered to be, as well as a 'chief benefactor and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 33. The Unquiet Ghost: Effect of Stalinism on Russia The Unquiet Ghost During the Communist regime in the former Soviet Union, life was very difficult. The people who lived within the countries controlled by the Soviet government experienced levels of oppression akin to slavery. They could not express themselves through any means and had to conform both body and soul to the views of the Communist Party. People could be arrested, imprisoned, shipped off to exile or executed often without trial. Some twenty million people died while Joseph Stalin led the USSR and for many years after his death it was still dangerous to dare criticize his regime, although some scholars put that number closer to forty million people who died. Now that the Soviet Union has broken up and Russia is its own country there is more freedom, but the people still live under the yoke of an oppressive leader who does not tolerate political or social challenges. The people do nothing to stand up to this government because they have all been scarred by the decades they lived under Stalin. In the book The Unquiet Ghost: Russians Remember Stalin, author Adam Hochschild entered Russia an interviewed people who had survived Stalinism. What he found was that despite the fact that Stalin has been dead for decades, he still lives as a tangible presence within the country. His memory functions as a reminder to all those who dare to criticize President Putin or other members of the current government about how bad things could be and this fear pushes them into ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 37. Similarities Between Stalin And Lenin Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin were both Bolsheviks looking to make a communist state in Russia. They both had ideals and methods that brought them to where they got to and what they had achieved. While Lenin was more of a democratic follower, and allowed inter–party discussions, he was also a great theorist of socialism. He was also a communist who focused on the temporary capitalist development of Russia. As for Stalin, he was an opportunist politician, and was also a communist mostly just for his personal benefits and gains. He had and followed socialist policies and didn't have the best personality and attitude, he was quite rude and disgraceful. These two leaders were mainly shaped into who they were due to their past, by comparing them, it will show if their pasts affected their ideology and methods as how different it was, also seeing how with the similar aims, how with their different attitudes and personality, they were able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They ruled with an iron fist and also had goals to eliminate anyone who was against their ideas. Even thought they had similar intentions, the way they reached their goals were different. Lenin rose to power after Russian society overthrew the czar, allowing him to take control of a democratic republic, while Stalin rose to power after Russian society had already been under a dictatorship for some time now. Also, while Lenin was more focused on socialist ideals to have complete economic control on land and business, Stalin mainly focused on his communist ideology to maintain his power violently, causing Stalin to fall out of his power and leadership quicker than Lenin. Adding on the reasons they had such ways of doing things could have been connected to how their childhood shaped their ideals, personalities and attitude, it was also the surroundings they grew up in that led them to where they ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 41. Political Ideologies During The Twentieth Century The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important changes was the increasing amount of wars. People have died in wars since the very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among armies and civilian populations, being terminal and causing a drastic amount of casualties. Furthermore, in the twentieth century, two opposing dictatorships arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the culmination of two different political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the mid– nineteenth century. It all goes back to World War I, which produced an affected public that increasingly seek to change their circumstances in life, but attempted to do so outside of the established system. During the period leading up to World War II, there were two men who were on opposing sides; the men were Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin. These men were each triumphant in their rise to power in their countries and they were very comparable in the ways that they succeeded. Their success was mostly attributed to their new ideas and their politics. As well, Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin, two of the greatest dictators in world history demonstrated differences in ideology and the way they rise to power, however they had similarities in the methods they used to control society. The term "ideology" is used ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 45. Everything Flows By Vasily Grossman Throughout his novel Everything Flows, Vasily Grossman provides numerous occasions for defining freedom. In the midst of attempting to give meaning to freedom, Grossman greatly invests in wrestling with the issue of why freedom is still absent within Russia although the country has seen success in many different ways. Through the idea and image of the Revolution stems Capitalism, Leninism, and Stalinism. Grossman contends that freedom is an inexorable occurrence and that "to live means to be free", that it is simply the nature of human kind to be free (200–204). The lack of freedom expresses a lack of humanity in Russia, and though freedom never dies, if freedom does not exist in the first place, then it has no chance to be kept alive. Through Grossman's employment of the Revolution and the ideas that stem from it, he illustrates why freedom is still absent from Russian society, but more importantly why the emergence of freedom is inevitable. The confusion at the lack of freedom in Russia despite the success the country has experienced through newly built cities, construction sites, and military victories, is exemplified by Grossman early in the novel through the use of Ivan Grigoryevich, a Russian citizen recently released from the Gulag (49). As daunting as that is, it is understandable why it is so. Freedom gives those who have it the opportunity to choose as they wish, do as they wish, think as they wish, and say as they wish, but to Grossman, that is not ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 49. Lenin Laid the Foundation for Stalinism Essay In order to establish whether Lenin did, indeed lay the foundation for Stalinism, two questions need to be answered; what were Lenin's plans for the future of Russia and what exactly gave rise to Stalinism? Official Soviet historians of the time at which Stalin was in power would have argued that each one answers the other. Similarly, Western historians saw Lenin as an important figure in the establishment of Stalin's socialist state. This can be partly attributed to the prevailing current of pro–Stalin anti–Hitler sentiments amongst westerners until the outbreak of the cold war. As relations changed between Russia and the rest of the world, so did the main historical schools of thought. Following ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The detachment from the Cold War politics that pervaded the study of Lenin and Stalinism and increased access to source material previously hidden has created a more objective viewpoint that almost mediates between Soviet and right wing Western historians, both identifying changes and lines of continuity. One such historian writes 'Excesses were the essence of historical Stalinism, and they are what really require explanation'[2]. Identified here is the fact that many of the ideas and practices seen under Lenin were continued and most importantly, developed by Stalin. His personality, even Pipes admits, sets him apart from Lenin and goes some way towards explaining the frequent examples of what Stalin would have called 'Leninist' ideologies and acts taken to a new level. One such example is the use of terror. Right wing western historians often emphasise the importance of the fact that it was under Lenin that terror was first used. Even Sheila Fitzpatrick, a noted revisionist, points out that the genesis of the Purges carried out by Stalin in the 30s lay in the 'periodic cleansing' of the party practiced in the early 20s, in which every member of the party was made to justify himself ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 53. Inside a Totalitarian Regime: Key features of Stalinism Essay Stalin's rule lasted almost thirty years, from the middle of the 1920's until his death in 1953. His rule deeply transformed the USSR and destalinization is still not fully achieved today. While Stalinism and Nazism are often compared because they were the two totalitarian regimes of the 20th century, the Stalinist regime lasted for decades while Nazism collapsed after 12 years, thus raising several questions concerning the particular nature of the Stalinist Society. What were the key features of Stalinism, thus differentiating Stalin's policy from Lenin's and Marx's theory? Was Stalinism a logical outcome of the Marxist theory or a betrayal of communism? In this perspective, one must analyze Stalin's key policies, collectivization, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... W. Davies 1989, 1036) and the use of the agricultural production to finance the industrial expansion. Despite Bolsheviks encouraging collectivization in the early years of the revolution, collective farms had remained anecdotic . Stalin's arrival to power marked the start of a forced and often violent campaign of collectivization. In agreement with his doctrine of Communism in one country, Stalin aimed at developing a self–sufficient agricultural system based on the Marxist theory of collective property of means of productions. In 1929, kolkhozy (farmers owned cooperative) and sovkhozy (state owned farm employing farm workers) were created. Collectivization was as quick as brutal and symbolized the inefficiency of the Soviet agricultural policy. Indeed, while collective farms quickly became the majority agricultural model , thousands of prosperous peasants, the kulaks, were expropriated, deported and executed: "More than one million peasant families–five million people, at least – were dekulakized" (Viola 1996, 86). However, despite an increased workforce, the interwar years' Soviet agricultural production never reached the prerevolutionary levels. Indeed, in 1937 which was the best interwar harvest, the agricultural production increased by 8.1 percent compared to 1928 while the population increased by 12 percent in the same period (Davies 1989, 1030). Furthermore, the agricultural production was used to fuel the growing industry. Peasants were ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 57. Essay Impact of Stalanism on the Soviet State The concept of Stalinism, being the ideologies and policies adopted by Stalin, including centralization, totalitarianism and communism, impacted, to an extent, on the soviet state until 1941. After competing with prominent Bolshevik party members Stalin emerged as the sole leader of the party in 1929. From this moment, Stalinism pervaded every level of society. Despite the hindrance caused by the bureaucracy, the impact of Stalinism was achieved through the implementation of collectivization and the 5–year plans, Stalin's Political domination and Cultural influence, including the 'Cult of the Personality'. This therefore depicts the influence of Stalinism over the Soviet State in the period up to 1941. In the period before 1941, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The 3 5–year plans focused on heavy industry, as well as an emphasis on electricity, coal, oil and steel. The latter sections of industry greatly increased including coal (million tons) rising to 128 in 1937. Although during this time period, famine and forced labour occured, the 5–year plans were a success. Through the implementation of Collectivization and the 5–year plans, it can be seen how Stalinism impacted upon the economy, and thus the Soviet State. Although collectivization and the 5 year plans were a success, Stalinism faced its primary negative impact through these polices; the Bureaucracy. This is a system of government in which lesser members of political parties make most of the important decisions or control the happenings of the state. The peasants were the ones carrying out Stalin's policies; however, they were working for nothing, which resulted in quotas not being met, forcing the Bolshevik in charge of that sector to lie. Plans were developed to try and contain the bureaucracy. Alexei Stakhanov allegedly cut 16 times the normal amount of coal in one shift. Stalin and the government used this to provide ideological incentive for the workers, thus inventing the 'Stakhanovites'. Despite this however, the bureaucracy was to remain, serving as the foremost negative impact to Stalinism. Stalin's unquestionable dominance over the Bolshevik party and their actions highlights the impact of Stalinism ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 61. World War I: The Rise Of Nazism And Stalinism After World War I, Europe saw a rise in strong totalitarian leaders and programs. Hitler used Nazism to give Germany an economic rebound, in the same way Stalin used Stalinism to increase production in Russia, and boost their economy. The circumstances of the time that led to the rise of Nazism and Stalinism included the Treaty of Versailles and the Russian Revolution. In addition, the leaders of these programs used previous ideas of nationalism, unification of the country, and imperialism to rise to power and lead their nation. Nazism was created by Adolf Hitler in response to terms of the Treaty of Versailles that Germany would have to pay extreme reparations to other countries that had been involved in World War I. The circumstances of the time for Germany was their desperation for things to get better and many people believed the countries involved in the Treaty of Versailles took "all sovereign rights from us. We are just good enough that international capital allows us to fill its money sacks with interest payments... Have we deserved it? No" (We Demand, 1927). With this belief, Hitler used previous ideas of nationalism in his speech saying to unite the German people for "as long as the German people was united it has never been conquered" (Proclamations to The German People and the German ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Hitler used the circumstances involving the unfair terms of the Treaty of Versailles and previous ideas of nationalism and imperialism to rally a following in Germany and promote Nazism. Stalin's rule was a product of the Russian Revolution and the death of Vladimir Lenin. He was put into power as a puppet leader, but ended up increasing production and rallying his people with nationalism and a total war economy. Although both Nazism and Stalinism did improve the economies of Russia and Germany, the cost was great and millions of people perished under Hitler's and Stalin's ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 65. Trotsky 's Assessment Of The Continuity Between Stalinism... Trotsky's assessment of the continuity between Stalinism and Leninism–Bolshevism is valid to a certain extent. It is axiomatic that there is a multiplicity of factors that seem to correlate Stalinism to Leninism, thus adding validity to Trotsky's assessment of the continuity. However the "straight–line" theory of the continuity between the two ideological phenomena, implied by Trotsky, undermines the divergence between them. Both phenomenons rose up in the Soviet Russia during the times of civil unrest, but Stalinism can be seen as more of a "revolution from above" whilst the Bolsheviks– Leninism can be seen as more of a "revolution from below". The historical development of Stalinism can be traced and analyzed through its several stages. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, elements of discontinuity are also present as the revolution was perverted by the Stalinist structure as the 'dictatorship of the proletariat" soon became the dictatorship of Stalin. Furthermore Stalin's theory of "Socialism in One Country" betrayed that of the Marxist–Leninist theory of propagating socialism to other countries. In order to fully assess the validity of the statement, two fundamental factors must we must firstly look at. Firstly the aspects of continuity that may have lead to the the statement.Secondly, factors within the Stalinist regime that illustrate aspects of discontinuity from the Bolshevik regime. Lastly, the reason for the characterization, on behalf of Trotsky to possibility to give validity to the Stalinist regime, likening that to the popularized Leninist–Bolshevik regime. Why does Trotsky legitimize the Stalinist regime as being linked to the Bolsheviks? Trotsky's assessment of the of the Stalinist phenomenon certainly seems unexpected considering that any link between the two systems would certainly seem to undermine Trotsky's creditably as the appropriate successor of Lenin. Trotsky was a renowned revolutionary who played a pivotal role during the Bolshevik Revolutionary. He was born on November 7th, 1879 in Yanovka, Ukraine, to Jewish parents. In many regards, Trotsky ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 69. Similarities Between Lenin And Stalin Lenin and Stalin were similar in a few ways, Lenin's ultimate goal for the Soviet Union and the Communist party was World Revolution. World revolution was led by the working class called the proletariat. With that Stalin has some of the similar ideas but went down a different road to establish his idea and goal. When it comes to Stalinism, there are essential features that are unique. Stalin used some ideas of Marxism and Leninism along with his own spin in it. One big difference that makes Stalin different from Lenin is the policy that each had. Lenin's idea was world revolution, where Stalin used his idea of socialism in one country. Stalin's socialism in one country focused more on building up the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union is general. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The Five Year Plans were set up by Stalin and his right hand men; they set up these goals in a few categories of the Soviet Union. It was called the Five Year Plan because they hoped to achieve everything they set up in five years; once the goals were achieved they would discuss and set up the next Five Year Plan. In the first Five Year Plan, it focused on agriculture. Before the plan, the farmers and the workers essentially worked on their own farms that were run by their families, allowing them to have the freedom to do as they pleased, but with Socialism on the brink everything changed. Socialism includes the government in charge of everything, meaning that collective farming was the new thing. With that farmers and the peasants were taken away from the farm and then everyone was combined into what they called a "collective farm." This meant that everyone on that farm had to work together to get the outcome that they wanted. People didn't have the choice of having their farm put into a collective farm. In the case if anyone didn't like the idea or spoke out against the actions they would be shipped to Siberia where they would work for hard labor or they could be shipped to concentration camps. The idea of dekulakization happened to the kulaks, meaning that if there were villages that had too many peasants would be liquidated. It was the same concept as collective farming. A key thing with the Kulaks was that a Rich peasant was a "bad peasant." Stalin's reasoning behind the planned economy and the use of collective farming would make the Union a better place. With that the government would be in control of everything. That was supposed to make the Union more efficient and effective, allowing everyone to have access to and produce more food in order to feed the growing number of people and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 73. Ivan Denisovich The crimes of Stalinism in Europe are endless. The experience of the people who lived under the Soviet regime after the end of World War II lived in a time of terror, hopelessness and misery. For Soviet citizens and the prisoners life was miserable. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, a short novel written by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, is a story about the one day in the life of a person caught between the chaos of the war and the faceless entity that controls their lives. The story takes place somewhere in Siberia in 1951 at a "special" (forced labor) camp. Ivan is sent here after escaping from the Germans that captured him and some other men on the northwest front. Due to the control and paranoia of Stalinism, instead of being welcomed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The spoon is not made from any precious metals but the value lies in the fact that Ivan made the spoon himself and there was no other like it. He keeps the spoon on him at all times, never forgetting it. One of the facets of Stalinism is that there is no God. Everything will be provided by Stalin. In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich there are a few examples that having a belief in something is important to maintaining humanity despite the outward forces of the camp and Stalinism. Ivan makes it point, no matter ho hungry he was, to take of his hat before eating because "he could never bring himself to eat with his hat on" (p 28). This is an individual belief that Ivan holds for himself and also distinguishes him from the rest of the prisoners. Alyosha, a fellow prisoner, is devoted Baptist who prays regularly and keeps a handwritten copy of the New Testament which he reads from daily. Alyosha maintains his faith to keep and engages in charitable acts. When the 104th is waiting at the gates to enter the work site the narrator mentions that he looked happy gazing at the sun, even in the bitter cold, and questions why. The narrator then concludes that it is because of his faith that "[The Baptists] they shed the hardships of camp life like water off a duck's back" (p 51). Alyosha represents having spiritual values rather than worldly ones. Worldly values can cause people to lose their morals, their sense of self and cause them to do things that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 77. Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century: A brief... POLITICAL SCIENCE 101 Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century A brief Study of popular 20th Century political trends. [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Political ideologies (P.I) have existed since the dawn of human Civilization; they have been fought over, discredited, re–approached, and fought over again. Many exist and have been tried over thousands of years. Still the question that plagues humanity is, how best do we manage governmental affairs? It is best to understand that different political ideologies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The main thrust of the theory is that everyone was to work to their abilities, and everyone would receive to their needs. The linchpin of this theory, however; was that it must occur in an already well industrialized nation. Leninism/Stalinism takes the Marxist model and adjusts it slightly to take a non–industrialized nation into modernity while simultaneously creating the "workers eutopia" Lenin and Stalin did this mainly by force but Lenin also achieved this by using a quasi–capitalism called "The new economic policy". Classic liberalism/Capitalism finds its roots with the age of enlightenment and the emergence of the United States of America. The economic driving force behind Classic liberalism is capitalism. The idea that economies grow and nations become powerful with minimal government involvement. Central to this theme is the idea of free trade between private parties. Classic liberalism relies also heavily individual rights and freedoms, an individual free to live as they please with minimal government involvement. Progressivism/Socialism is an attempt to lightly combine the idea's of Marxism and classic liberalism. With heavy reliance on government regulation the idea is to manage a capitalist economy in order to evenly distribute goods and service's equally to a nation's populace. There is also a strong tendency for socialist nation to be very liberal in the social sense as well. Many types of deviant behaviors are considered to be be more ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 81. Devry Hist410 Midterm Exam DEVRY HIST410 MIDTERM EXAM To purchase this, Click here http://www.activitymode.com/ product/devry–hist410–midterm–exam/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM DEVRY HIST410 MIDTERM EXAM Question 1. Question : (TCO 1, 2) Analyze how imperialism and militarism contributed to the outbreak of World War I. Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you think was the most important, and why? Question 2. Question : (TCO 5, 6) Identify and analyze the first two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Use historical examples to support your answer. In what ways did these revolutions radically change Russian society? Question 3. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast German Nazism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Question : (TCO 1, 2) Analyze how imperialism and militarism contributed to the outbreak of World War I. Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you think was the most important, and why? Question 2. Question : (TCO 5, 6) Identify and analyze the first two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Use historical examples to support your answer. In what ways did these revolutions radically change Russian society? Question 3. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast German Nazism and Stalin's Soviet Communism (Stalinism). What were the similarities and differences between these two political ideologies? Use historical examples to support your answer. Question 4. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast the empires of Germany and Japan before the outbreak of World War II. Identify and describe the leadership qualities of their respective leaders. Make sure you use enough historical details to support your ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 85. Propaganda In Animal Farm George Orwell, the pseudonym of english author Eric Arthur Blair, was an influential author of novels, novellas, and essays that criticized the rise and practices of authoritarian governments. One of his most revered works, Animal Farm, is hailed as a brilliant piece that satirizes the statues of Stalinism by allegorizing its tumultuous rise and the harsh, often lethal loyalty Stalinism demands of its followers. One of the hallmarks of Stalinist rule is its frequent use of propaganda. In his novella, Animal Farm, Orwell presents the use of propaganda in a Stalinist society through the deification of a leader, the use of scapegoating against an exiled revolutionary and against the vices of man; and exposes the practice of engendering fear into the population of Animal Farm. In Animal Farm, the leader of Animal Farm, Napoleon, frequently uses self–deification tactics to elevate his status above the working animals of the farm. Orwell stated that Napoleon "was always referred to in formal style as 'our Leader, Comrade Napoleon,' and the pigs liked invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheep–fold, Ducklings' Friend, and the like" (Orwell 93). These titles expressed that Napoleon was a benevolent, powerful, and god–like figure, which elevated him over the common animal on Animal Farm. His titles also projected a feeling of superiority, which made the animals fear his presence and the presence of other pigs. As the pigs arrived ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 89. Stalinism: The Separation Between Katya And Anastacia In the beginning, Ivan Sanchin was very fond about Stalin. Sanchin was very happy and proud upon finding out that he is appointed to the Kremlin as a private projectionist for Stalin. Sanchin loves Stalin more than his wife, Anastacia, as if Stalin were God. Stalin's terror affected Sanchin's relationship with Anastacia as she wanted to adopt Katya, but Katya is a Jew. Sanchin disapprove Anastacia's decision and stated that Katya is the enemy of the people. Sanchin's action shows his lack of caring toward the feelings of Anastacia, but Anastacia was happy for Sanchin and still loves him dearly. Going against Sanchin's will, Anastacia visits Katya at the state orphanage. The separation between Katya's biological parents and Anastacia affected her growth as she lacks security and protection from her loved ones. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 93. Soviet Union Research Paper COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION To understand why unlike the Soviet Union's political system, China's is not near collapse, one must first understand why and how the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) collapsed, resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union itself. After the October Revolution, the CPSU adopted Leninism as the main party ideology, and moved swiftly to adopt socialist changes. However, as Lenin's health declined, his main supporters, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, began fighting amongst themselves. Stalin won, forcing Trotsky into exile, and after Lenin's death, began implementing a series of policies known as Stalinism to solidify his totalitarian rule. Partly influenced by fascism, Stalin promoted the cult of personality ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Leonid Brezhnev, who took power after Khrushchev, attempted to reinstate Stalinism back into the Soviet Union. His reign created the neo–Stalinist period in Russia, albeit with a series of economic reforms that favored light industries and the production of consumer goods than heavy industry. Brezhnev also supported weakening animosities with the West in order to improve relations, attempting to improve the social and economic condition within the Soviet Union. However, due to health problems, much of the actual implementation was carried out by others within the CPSU leadership. Being on average older than the general population, the CPSU leadership was mostly conservative, which hindered the progress. Overall, through trying to combine the conservative and relatively outdated ideologies of Stalinism with failing economic reforms, Brezhnev was credited with the Era of Stagnation in the Soviet Union, being unable to deal with both internal and international affairs. Following Brezhnev was Yuri Andropov, a reformist who, during his short time as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, pushed for more freedom in media and appointed several other reformers into key positions in the CPSU. Konstantin Chernenko, who took power against Andropov's wishes following his demise, attempted to shift back into the Brezhnev era policies, while also promoting reforms in education and the role of labor unions. However, poor health prevented him from properly implementing policies, and de facto power remained with reformer Mikhail Gorbachev. By this point, the constant fighting between reformists and Stalinists, together with conflicting and ineffective policies, had severely damaged the Soviet economy, as well as deteriorated international relations, escalating the Cold War, and slowly worsened socioeconomic and political tensions within ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 97. Similarities Between Ivan The Terrible And Alexander Neevsky consolidation of power and hard line treatment of those whom he considered to be counter– revolutionary. Furthermore, Alexander Nevsky was a figure that could convey the importance of strong leadership and, somewhat unintentionally the primacy of the Russian people as well. Since Ivan the Terrible and Alexander Nevsky were important, near–mythological figures in Russia, the revision of their historical importance allowed the Soviet government to justify its actions through an appeal to the authority of individuals with whom the population could identify or were very familiar. Both Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the Terrible were filmed during the era in which the artistic theory known as socialist realism, the artistic aesthetic officially supported by the Soviet government, was espoused as the definitive socialist art form. Socialist realism existed within the framework created by Stalin's Cultural Revolution, which ended in 1931. The First ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Part of socialist realism's appeal to the Soviet government was that it provided the framework for an art form that was both easy to understand for a population that was overwhelmingly rural and undereducated, while also disseminating socialist ideals and Soviet policy to a wide range of people. Furthermore, socialist realism, as an art form that would impart ideas to its audience rather than demand that they interpret the work themselves, was intended to prevent viewers from coming to anti–Soviet conclusions, whether they were intentionally inserted into the film or not. Socialist realism was no doubt, in part, a reaction to more radical art forms that had been pioneered in the years following the revolution and during the Cultural Revolution. Eisenstein's goals for montage were similar to that of socialist realism. Even prior to 1932, Eisenstein used montage to promote socialist ideology and support the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 101. Thatcher's Thesis: Surface Similarities Between Hitler And... Thatcher's thesis is that surface similarities between Hitler and Stalin are what explain the differences that are deeper. After reading Thatcher's thesis, I think that his article is not viable in the light of the material from the textbook. The textbook is not able to go into detail about the differences between Hitler and Stalin. Instead, it states Hitler's and Stalin's motives. Stating the motives, I was able to compare and see that they were similar. In that instance, it almost makes it so the article is viable in the light of the material of the book. However, since the book only contains the certain big events that took place with these two men, the thesis does not work with the book material. Hitler and Stalin appear to the public that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 105. Totalitarian Ideologies Of Fascism And Stalinism Maheera Syed Totalitarian Ideologies The economic downfalls and Great Depression following World War I, provided the perfect atmosphere for Nazism, Fascism and Stalinism, which had been developing during the war, to rise. Breaking with the constantly undermined values of individual liberties, freedom and democracy, many flocked towards the bold leaders of each of these ideologies for a better future. Despite taking place in different countries, each of these three totalitarian ideologies, led by Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin, were able to garner a massive following through violence and media, while promising the desperate people, renewal, ease and economic prosperity in their war–torn countries. After a successful march on Rome, where King Victor Emmanuel III was forced to promote Benito Mussolini to the status of Prime Minister, the essentially self–appointed dictator would ignite fascism in Italy. The former political journalist defined fascism writing that "the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace." The Black Shirts, which consisted of young men and veterans who supported Mussolini's promotion of militarization and led attacks against Parliament, were attracted towards his promise of a "military utopia and the restoration of men's warrior status." Their emblem, the fasces, which ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 109. Antonio Gramsci Prison Notebooks Antonio Gramsci's ideology adheres to the fundamental re–orientation of Marxist thought applied to the revolutionary change in the context of 20th Century Western European society. His discourse on the dynamics of class struggle and the power of dominating institutions, forms the foundation of a distinct cultural critique of the causes and consequences of the elite's maintenance of hegemony (dominance) – that is, through the consent of the mass of people as a result of the ruling classes propagation of 'false consciousness.' Whilst accepting Marx's analysis of capitalism and the ongoing struggle between the ruling class and the subordinate working class as the driving force which interacted within society, Gramsci put forward key concerns on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This was then the main task of a socialist movement, with the intention of breaking the ideological bonds between the ruling class and the general population. The central theme of Gramsci's theoretical reflections in his prison notebooks is the taking and management of power by an emerging historical force intent on creating a new civilisation. In his writings, Gramsci's exploration on the potential of Marxism, enabled an alternative form of a communist society. In response to the emergence of a totalitarian regime under Stalin, Professor Pellicani revived the works of Gramsci to offer an alternative to communism which aimed at a truer Marxism devoid of coercion and evil. While the fundamental nature of Marxism calls on the need for a utopian society, Pellicani concludes that through an attempt to reorganise civilisation according to a single principle, totalitarianism is the inevitable result of all programs that aim at a perfect world. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution and Lenin's leadership, the Russian state and its coercive arms allowed for the dictatorship of Stalin to arise. Stalinism enforced state terror, rapid industrialisation and a command economy whereby all society was subservient to Stalin's will. A cult of personality was developed with Stalin placed as the super–human embodiment of the Russian Revolution – Stalin, man of steel; perfection of Soviet man. A critical objective of Stalinism was the concept of a classless society. While the basis of communism stems from marxist theory, Gramsci stressed that socialism could never be imposed from above, but would have to be the self–conscious expression of the oppressed groups ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 113. Historical Revisionism In Film By Vertov Vertov's use of montage has several important implications for the film, including how it revises the history of Lenin, Stalin's rise to power, and particularly life in the non–Russian Soviet republics. Historical revisionism in Three Songs of Lenin should not only be attributed to Stalinism, but also to Vertov's use of montage. Unlike Vertov's depiction of Soviet life in The Man with a Movie Camera, which requires a somewhat sophisticated analysis of documentary film to properly understand the film as historical in nature, the historical revisionism in Three Songs of Lenin is far more readily apparent. The first song, quite short in length, likens the darkness of the Muslim woman's veil to the darkness of ignorance, and contends that Lenin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The fictionalization of events, whether they were real events or entirely fabricated, was an inherent if not articulated component of both Eisenstein and Vertov's theories of montage. The desire to find a socialist art form capable of expressing the truth according to socialism led both directors to express truth only from an ideological point of view. They not only inaccurately displayed historical events, but also assigned to them false emotions, ideological conclusions and outcomes. Whether it was the implied mass involvement in the Russian Revolution in October, the industrialization in The Man with a Movie Camera, the fictionalized relationship between Ivan and his subjects in Ivan the Terrible, or the deification of Lenin and the transference of immortality to Stalin in Three Songs of Lenin, the creation of meaning through montage necessarily led to the creation of false history as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 117. Imperialist Autocracy In Russia Through the USSR rule, a great number of imperial autocracy aspects of its forms of governance, social and economic reforms were reproduced such as central control and nationalism policies, for example, Russification. However, there is a debate if Stalinism was a continuation of Tsarist autocracy due to differences between two regimes as the Bolshevik government categorically refused to be defined as an empire; contrastingly, its leaders saw imperialism as the policy adopted in capitalist states which have been viewed as competitors and enemies which bring a contradictory argument. This essay will argue that although in theory, the differences between Imperialism and Communism were colossal, a leading argument about Russia, famously defended ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... His theory is based on the role of key individuals that led Russia to the Revolution. In contrast, he ignores the contribution of the masses as he sees them as largely irrational, passive and anarchic in their demands and actions. From Pipes' view the Revolution was lead by the superior organisation and subterfuge of the masses by an elite whose goal was to seize power. Post–revolutionary events proved to be undemocratic, authoritarian and intolerant nature of the October revolutionaries developing the totalitarian tendencies: Bolsheviks were the only legal party, a one–ideology state which had control over every aspect of its population. In Pipes' eyes, the Revolution was a totalitarian coup meaning that the main aspects of autocracy were carried on, therefore, Stalinism was a continuation of the Russian autocracy and the Revolution did not bring many significant ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 121. Night By Frankl Summary Life during the Nazis or the Soviets time period was depressing and made many to lose their sense of humanity and immune to the torments. As Frankl sees it as "this was an unrelenting struggle for daily bread and for life itself, for one's own sake or for that of a good friend." Frankl gave his readers a vivid description of his life in the camp by the selection process as he asserts "was the signal for a free fight among all the prisoners, or of group against group." The selection process was the first step to determine whether a person goes to the gas chamber or sent to do other labor. The authorities could care less about their names and in turn used numbers to determine the captives as these numbers are tattooed on their skin or sewn into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Therefore, the problem of survival for Frankl really comes down to striving as long as one could. In contrast, people under Stalinism "once you have been steeped in blood, you can only become more cruel." One could not find kindheartedness in this place, as "you'd never be able to chain all those who were drunk on blood!" This situation would be scary and intimidated to grasp as people here are intensely brainwashed into being the person that they are not. Due to their surroundings, they are forced to conform and practice this ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 125. Shelia Fitzpatrick's Everyday Stalinism This historical study will define the similarities of dictatorial nationalism that were present in the social conditions in the pre–WWII era in Germany and the Soviet Union. The primary focus of Shelia Fitzpatrick's, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s, provides a historical account of Stalin's dictatorial regime during the 1930s. Stalin's governing practices during the 1930s marked a trend away from the collective ideology of communist practices under Lenin, which Fitzpatrick defines as part of the increased anti–Jewish purge in Soviet society. This focus presents the increasing level of pro–Russian nationalism as part of the anti–Semitic culture of Stalin's nationalistic pogrom. The fear of persecution often forced Jews to change their names: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Fitzpatrick's historical account of Stalin's dictatorship is defined within the context of "communism" as a type of political/governmental ideology. Ironically, the Marxist interpretation of "communism" would never allow ethnic or religious disputes between the proletariat to interfere with the equal distribution of goods and services amongst the population. However, Fitzpatrick (2000) is discussing Stalin as a type of dictator that took charge of the Communist Party in order to satiate his own anti–Semitic bigotry during the Great Purge. This perspective is far more complex than what Kaplan (1999) and Burleigh (1991) offer in their evaluation of the anti–Semitism of Hitler, since Stalin is supposed to be a "leader" of a communist government. This type of anti–Semitic culture in the Soviet Union defines a pan–European tendency to blame Jews for economic problems in the 1930s. For instance, anonymous letters sent to the Kremlin accused Stalin of being controlled by Jewish financiers and political ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 129. Stalinism: The Great Terror The purges, show trials and use of Terror plunged the Soviet Union into a state of fear and intimidation that served to transform the nation into a totalitarian dictatorship, from which Stalinism developed during the 1930s. The show trials and purges of political opponents covered the entire breadth of this period and were significant in the development of Stalinism as it destroyed existing political dissent towards policies (their implementation and continuation). The use of terror and purges upon society also helped the growth of Stalinism for it divided Russia as people, living in fear of execution, became distrustful towards one another, but increasingly dependent and obedient to Stalin. In addition, the purge of the military allowed Stalinism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As Lee states, the Tukchavesky Affair in June 1937 purged 3–7% of the Red Army's high commanding generals on the basis that they were involved in a Trotskyist conspiracy against Stalin. Figes argues that these purges were a pre–emptive move conducted by Stalin in order to eliminate a potential rival and source of opposition to Stalin's planned purges against the nomenklatura. In turn, Stalin was determined to assert his power and control over the military through the use of purges, evident in Stalin's authorisation of the arrest of over thirty–five thousand serving officers (Wood). By the end of the 1930s, the Red Party had been decimated in regards to both manpower and influence, as ninety–percent of the army had been purged, including many of its experienced leading officers (Wood). This not only increased Stalin's authority but also led to the inexperience of the armed services during times of German aggression and the threat of a European war. Russia was consequently unable to defeat Germany in 1941 and became vulnerable to the horrors of war. Hence, although the utilisation of terror and show trials and purges perpetuated the growth of Stalinism for it provided Stalin with critical power over the army, it also consequently led to the weakening and failures of the Russian defence ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 133. The Ideological Content And Violent Practices Of Stalinism... To what extent were the ideological content and violent practices of Stalinism consisted with Leninist principles? This essay will examine the extent to which the political phenomena know as Stalinism was a derivative of Leninist principle. Stalinism being defined as the governing polices implemented under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, particularly during the period between the end of the New Economic Policy in 1929 and the death of Stalin 1953. These policies were characterised by the use of extreme violence in the form of persistent State terror in order to achieve social and political ends. Specific examples such as the collectivisation of agriculture and the Great purge of the communist party have all been attributed to the Stalinist system. Stalinism also places greater priority on the creation of 'socialism in one country' rather than the spreading of revolution abroad through communist internationalism. The extent to which the Stalinist system was a product of or a degeneration of Leninism has been intensely debated by historians. Leninism being defined as a form of Marxism where the Bolshevik party would seize power and maintain a dictatorship through the use of violence, in order for socialism and eventually communism to be created. This essay will seek to explore whether the violent policies associated with Stalinism where the result of the continuation by Stalin of the processes initiation by Vladimir Lenin under his direction and whether the intentions of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 137. Stalin in Power Essay The leadership capabilities give a person freedom to decide which way to use them. One can use them to reach the power; another can use them to enrich others. In Stalin's case having leadership resulted in policies that had negative effect on country stabilization. The millions of people lost due to Stalin's regime was a devastating blow to the Soviet Union. Although, the Soviet Union made more progress under Stalin than under any other leader of the Soviet Union, but it happened at a great cost. The enforced policies were meant to improve the overall standards of the people but they had the opposite effect and created chaos. Vladimir IIyich Lenin was one of the biggest influences on Stalin and the way he would come to rule the Soviet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They raised, rather than lowered the goals and intensified the pressures to meet them. Stalin said,"We are bound by no laws. There are no fortresses the Bolsheviks cannot storm, (Kort 202)"That was a way of symbolizing how powerful he was and what things they were capable of. Stalin's chaos started with the First Five–Year plan which was introduced in April 1929. This policy called for drastic increases in industrial production, heavy industry, coal, pig iron, and electricity. "If the First Five–Year Plan was anything at all, it was a propaganda piece signaling the regime's intention to push the nation ahead at a reckless speed, regardless of the costs (Kort 201)". Collectivization was another part of the First Five–Year Plan and consisted of forcing people to move from urban areas to collective farms to produce more agricultural products. "By March 1930, less than three months into the campaign, almost 60 percent of the Soviet Union's peasants–about 15 million households totaling 70 million people had been driven from their homesteads into collective farms. (Kort 204)." If peasants opposed too strenuously, as many did, they were likely to be branded as kulaks who are considered prosperous or kulak sympathizers and divest. Many of the Kulaks were killed or sent to camps in Siberia and forced to live in awful conditions often including malnutrition. The Second Five–Year Plan was enforced in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 141. Communism: Similarities Between Stalin And The Communist... Stalinism defined the ideology, policies and actions led by Stalin and the Communist Party in the years 1929 to 1941. Totalitarianism refers to the absolute rule of a dictator over a state without restriction from a constitution, laws, or opposition. According to the criteria proposed by Carl Friedrich, the Soviet Union under Stalinism reflected a totalitarian state through the use of a centralised economy, control of party, ideology, media, armed forces and terror. Firstly, the establishment of a command economy through industrialisation and collectivisation meant that Stalin and the Communist Party were able to completely manipulate the direction of the economy. Under the control of the State Planning Authority (Gosplan), a series of '5–year ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The use of terror included the process of dekulakisation and a number of purges throughout Russia. However, to conduct such terror, Stalin took control of the armed forces and the Secret Police (NKVD). The kulaks were richer peasants who were seen as barriers to collectivisation due to their capitalist practices of grain hoarding. Due to this, Stalin planned the dekulakisation throughout the proletariat. Anyone who now opposed collectivisation was branded as a kulak and either sent to the gulags or killed. By the end of Stalin's leadership, Conquest argues 31 million had been sent to the gulags or executed under the purges and show trials. Stalin also used the purges for his own benefit. The purges were used to remove political rivals and eventually any undesirable elements in Stalin's Russia. As Wood states, 'Stalin used the purges to exterminate his rivals and critics, both real and imagined, to consolidate his tyrannical power.' The purges began with the death of Sergei Kirov, one of Stalin's rivals. Stalin also implemented show trials, in which rivals were accused of crimes they did not commit. This included prominent figures such as Kamenev and Zinoviev. By eliminating those who posed a threat to his leadership, Stalin gained further control of the party. Subsequently, the 'Great Terror' (Ezhovschina) ensued and was characterised by fear, suspicion and conformity. Anyone who did not conform to Stalin's Russia was tried as 'an enemy of the state' or a 'deviationist' and either killed or sent to the gulags. The Terror ultimately brought all aspects of Soviet life under the control of the state and its leadership. Therefore, the Soviet Union to a considerable extent was a totalitarian state with the terror that emerged under ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 145. The Soviet Union Under Stalin It is not surprising that a country that was once ruled by totalitarian principles and ideologies exhibits some elements of autocracy today. In this context, these elements are manifested in either one or more branches of government, like the judiciary. On the same note, they may be evident in other governmental systems, such as law enforcement units (army or police). This means that the authorities in place exploit all the possible opportunities to utilize and manipulate the army, police, and judicial processes for their self–interests. Concisely, totalitarianism has survived the fall of totalitarian regimes in the Caucasus countries. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) forms the basis of this analysis because the renowned Soviet Union under Stalin played a crucial role in coining the term "Caucasus states". In essence, these were countries in between Europe and Asia that were more of colonized by the Russian Empire. Later, during the Communist era they paid extreme and mandatory allegiance to Stalin and other. In this regard, Stalinism became a movement to reckon with just like Nazism in Germany. Basically, the two systems of autocratic and dictatorial governments clearly demonstrated the most fundamental or essential features of totalitarianism. In Stalinism, totalitarianism involved the application of external pressure and coercion on people through the control of their actions and thoughts. During this time, the USSR categorically justified their method of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 149. Similarities Between Nazism And Stalinism When compared, Nazism and Stalinism are most often debated in terms of totalitarian regimes. Further comparisons can be made however, when looking at how both regimes were able to ascend to totalitarian status and how the aims of Stalinism and Nazism compare. Both Germany and Russia possessed imperialistic ambitions that spilled over into Central and Eastern European countries. Both Nazism and Stalinism sought to build utopic societies by implementing a final and permanent revolution. People that did not fit into to the utopic image created by Stalin and Hitler would be forcibly removed from each society by the use of violence and terroristic tactics. As Nazism and Stalinism rose to power, they implemented a system of inclusion and exclusion by creating an image that all nationals should aspire to. Poland was a victim of both regimes' attempts at utopia and was nearly completely lost to the annals of history. A serious comparison can be made by comparing Stalinist Russia and Nationalist Germany by assessing the use of terror and violence on minority groups, namely the Poles. Both regimes came to believe that difference and dissent were a threat and sought to eliminate those differences by employing extermination campaigns within Poland. Both used violence and terror to force others to submit to their motivations. Germany: National Socialism is not a cult–movement–a movement for worship; it is exclusively a 'volkic ' political doctrine based upon racial principles. In ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 153. Political Elements Of 1984 George Orwell's book, 1984, was and still is an astonishing success. Every year this book rises to the top of the charts than falls back down until the next year comes around. Even though 1984 is a book from 1949, somehow it stays relevant in modern day society. Many people ask the question why and the answer is not as simple as you may think. 1984 has many elements in it that makes it perfect for studying in a school. The book has a big focus on government control as well as politics, uses many writing elements very well, and the book itself is relatively good. One of the most intriguing parts of the book is the politics and policies it depicts. This is because George Orwell's 1984, depicts a dystopian society which exposes the fears and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A third intriguing part of Oceana which relates to Stalin's Russia was the purges. Stalin had multiple purges to get rid of people who he saw as unloyal. In 1984, Oceana had a great purge which did the same thing. "The great purges involving thousands of people, with public trials of traitors and thought–criminals who made abject confession of their crimes and were afterwards executed, were special show–pieces not occurring oftener than once in a couple of years." (Orwell). The purges are politically important because they follow the idea of Stalinism, which in short is a harsh form of socialism. Like Stalin's Russia, Oceana was created with the help of capitalism. Capitalism is what America's government is formed around. Since Oceana included it is not suprising that this empire started being built by capitalism. Use capitalism qoute (Book1 Chap 8)You can infer from this qoute that capitailism united people against itself while also giving the government lots and lots of wealth. People convinced the poor to overthrow capitalism and create a socialist world. The wealth made from the capitalist government would help keep this socialist power alive. This socialist word started becoming more and more stalinist and tolterianistic. Totalitarianism is brought into this society through stalinism, since stalinism is a form of totalitarianism. In the book you can see many hints leading the society to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...