pencegahan penuakit

1. LEVELS OF PREVENTION
(LEAVELL & CLARK)

2. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ANY DISEASE OF MAN
Interrelation of Agent, Host, and Environmental
factors
Production of STIMULUS
Reaction of the HOST to the STIMULUS
Early
pathogenesis
Discernible
earlyl esions
Advanced
disease Convalescence
LEVELS OF APPLICATION of PREVENTIVE MEASURES
HEALTH PROMOTION
Health education
Good standard
of nutrition
Provision of adequate
Housing, recreation,
and agreeable
work conditions
Marriage counseling
and sex education
Genetics
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
Use of specific
Immunizations
Attention to
personal hygiene
Use of environmental
sanitation
Protection against
occupational hazards
Protection from accidents
Use of specific nutrients
Protection from carsinogens
Avoidance of allergens
EARLY DIAGNOSIS and
PROMPT TREATMENT
Case-finding measures,
individual and mass
Screening survey
Selective examinations
Objectives :
To cure and prevent
disease processes
To prevent the spread of
communicable diseases
To prevent complications
and sequele
To shorten period of disability
DISABILITY LIMITATION
Adequate treatment
to arrest
the disease process
and to prevent
further complication
and sequelae
Provision of
facilities to limit
disability
and to prevent death
REHABILITATION
Provision of hospital
and community facilities
for retraining and
education for
maximum use
of remaining capacities
Education of the public
and industry to utilized
the rehabilitated
as full employment
Selective placement
Work therapy in hospitals
Use of sheltered colony
PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION
PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS

3. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OMSK
Interrelations of the various
AGENT: PYOGENIC BACTERIA
HOST: HUMAN
(IMMUNOLOGIC, AGE,
NUTRITION
ENVIRONMENT:
(HYGIENE,
SANIATION
Bring AGENT and
HOST together
STIMULUS or
AGENT becomes
Or Produce a
disease-provoking
STIMULUS
PREPATHOGENESIS
PERIOD
The course of the disease in man
CLINICAL HORIZON
P E R I O D O F P A T H O G E N E S I S
Early
pathogenesis
Discernible
early lesions
Advanced
disease
Convalescence
STIMULUS and AGENT
BECOMES established and
increases by multiplication or
increment
Signs and
symptom :
URTI / OMA
illness
Disability
Defect
Chronic
state
DEATH
Interactions of HOST
and SIMULUS
Tissue and
physiologic
changes
Immunity and
resistance
HOST REACTION
RECOVERY
in
human
HOST
ss
Eustachian tube
resistance
URTI
OMSK
DEAFNESS
MASTOIDITIS

4. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OMSK
Interrelation of Agent, Host, and Environmental
factors
Production of STIMULUS
Reaction of the HOST to the STIMULUS
Early
pathogenesis
URTI/OMA OMSK/MAS
TOIDITIS Convalescence
LEVELS OF APPLICATION of PREVENTIVE MEASURES
HEALTH PROMOTION
Health education
Good standard
of nutrition
Provision of adequate
Housing
Hygiene, sanitation
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
Avoid recurrent URTI
EARLY DIAGNOSIS and
PROMPT TREATMENT
Early/ adequate
treatment of URTI
Adequate Treatment of
OMA
Objectives :
To cure and prevent
disease processes
To prevent complications
and sequele
To shorten period of disability
DISABILITY LIMITATION
Adequate treatment
to arrest
the disease process
and to prevent
further complication
and sequelae
Provision of
facilities to limit
disability
and to prevent death
REHABILITATION
Provision of hospital
and community facilities
for retraining and
education for
maximum use
of remaining capacities
Education of the public
and industry to utilized
the rehabilitated
as full employment
Selective placement
Work therapy in hospitals
Use of sheltered colony
PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION
PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS

5. Levels of prevention
(diabetic retinopathy)
• Primary prevention:
– Health promotion
Balance diet, exercise (healthy life)
– Specific protection:
For high risk : low GI diet, exercise

6. • Secondary Prevention
– Early diagnosis & prompt treatment:
- DM screening
- Adequate and continuing treatment
- Avoid complication:
(microvascular, macrovascular) through
maintenance normal blood sugar
to avoid hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
DM diet

7. • Tertiary prevention
- Disability limitation
Prevent from blindness caused by
diabetic retinopathy through DM control
- Rehabilitation: to save and rehabilitated
vision as much as possible.

8. Health promotion
Stroke
Heart/CV
disease
Smoking
Community
environment
Quit
Clinical
care
Time
Tobacco
control