2. Significant reduction (at least 10 %) in circulating red cell mass or their
hemoglobin content appropriate for the age and sex, leading to corresponding
decrease in the Oxygen - carrying capacity of blood.
WHO criteria - Hb < 13 gm/dl in men & Hb < 12 gm/dl in women
https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1
Anemia -Definition
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
2
4. CBC :
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
4
Coulter Machine: Our Friend
Simple Approach to anemia by
MCV and Reticulocyte count
5. Reticulocyte count:
Number of reticulocyte
in peripheral blood
gives an idea about
marrow erythropoiesis
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
5
Reticulocytes in blood
indicate
freshly produced
RBC in Marrow
Reticulocyte Production Index :
If Hb 7gram% ,Retic Count 10%
Corrected Reticulocyte %: 7/14 x10=5%
RPI: 5/2: 2.5%
Corrected Reticulocyte %= Patient Hb/Normal Hb x Retic %
Reticulocyte Production Index =Corrected Reticulocyte Count /2
6. BONE MARROW BLOOD
Reticulocytosis: Normal Response to Anemia
Marrow RBC Production
Increased
Reticulocytes
in Blood
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
6
Reticulocyte RBC
8. BONE MARROW BLOOD
Decreased Reticulocytosis in peripheral blood
Decreased Response to Anemia
A] Decreased Production in bone marrow
Marrow RBC Production
Decreased
Reticulocytes
in Blood
Eg: Aplastic Anemia
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
8
9. BONE MARROW BLOOD
Decreased Reticulocytosis in peripheral blood
Decreased Response to Anemia
B] INCREASED DESTRUCTION IN BONE MAARROW
Marrow RBC Production
Decreased
Reticulocytes
in Blood
Iron Deficiency
B12 /Folate Deficiency
MDS
Thalassemia
Ineffective erythropoeisis
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
9
10. BONE MARROW BLOOD
Increased Reticulocytosis in peripheral blood
Marrow RBC Production
Increased
Reticulocytes
in Blood
Peripheral destruction:Hemolytic anemia
Acute Blood Loss
Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
10
16. Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
16
Tests to diagnose
IDA
Test Interpretation
CBC Microcytic
Hypochromic
Reticulocyte
Production Index
Low,<2
S.Iron Low
Total Iron Binding
Capacity
Increased
Transferrin % <20%
Ferritin <15ng/ml
Transferrin Saturation and TIBC
Ferritin: Acute Phase Reactant
Increased in
• CKD
• Inflammation
• Cancer
In these conditions Ferritin <100 is
IDA
19. Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
19
Oral Therapy:
Problem with multiple daily dosing:
Poor Absorption = Increased GI toxicity
Once a Day or Alternate day dosing
is safe,tolerable and effective
Nicole U Stoffel,Lancet Haematol 2017;4: 524–33
26. Dr.Sreeraj.V."Approach to anemia:IMA
Kunnmkulam,12/11/22"
26
Summary
Anemia evaluation: Minimum Reticulocyte & MCV
Macrocytic Anemia: Marrow Pathology : Low Threshold for bone marrow study
Single morning dose of Oral Iron or Alternate Day dosing is safe & Effective
Oral Iron duration of Rx: 6month
IV iron : Indication ,FCM or F-Isomaltose safe