This document discusses the development of modern realism and two key thinkers: Francis Bacon and John Locke. It summarizes that one problem with classical realism was a lack of inductive thinking. It then provides details on Bacon and Locke's lives and their major philosophical contributions. Bacon developed the inductive method and emphasized beginning with observations, while Locke argued ideas come from experience and that the mind starts as a blank slate at birth. Both thinkers made important advances in moving philosophy towards empiricism.

1. Development
of Modern
Realism

2. One of the important problems of
classical realism was
“Its failure to develop an adequate
methodof inductive thinking.”

3. The two most outstanding realist
thinkers were…
Francis Bacon John Locke

4. Francis
Bacon

5. Francis Bacon was not
only a philosopher but a
politician in the courts
of Elizabeth Land James.
His record in philosophical
development much more
impressive.
Bacon’s philosophical task was
ambitious. He claimed to take
all knowledge as his field of
investigation.

6. Bacon attacked the
Aristotelians for contributing
to the lethargic development of
science by their adoption of
theological method of thought.
The problem of theology was
started with dogmatisms and
a priori assumption and then
deducedconclusions.

7. Science must be concerned with
inquiry pure and simple, inquiry not
burdened with preconceived notion.
Bacon held that science must
begin in this fashion and must
develop reliable methods of
inquiry.

8. Bacon believed
“knowledge is power”
It was through the
acquisition of knowledge.
He devised what he called
the inductive method.

9. Bacon thought Aristotelian
yielded many errors, particularly
concerning material phenomena
Bacon’s inductive approach,
which asked that we begin
with observable instances and
then reason to general
statements or laws.

10. Bacon urged that we reexamine all our previously accepted
knowledge. We should attempt to rid our minds of various
idols before which we bow down and cloud our thinking.
The idol of
the Den
The idol of
the Tribe
The idol of the
Marketplace
The idol of
the Theatre

11. John
Locke

12. John Locke was born in England, the
son of a country lawyer.
His education was classical and
scholastic.

13. For Locke, There are no such
things as innate ideas.
At birththe mind is like a blank
sheet of paper, a tabula rasa, upon
which ideas are imprinted.

14. All ideas are derived from
experience by way of
sensation and reflection.
“What we know is what we experience”

15. Locke concentrated on how ideas or knowledge
are gained by mind.
External objects exist and they are characterized
by two kind of qualities.
Primary
Qualities
Secondary
Qualities

16. Locke’s ideas lead to the kind of
“gentlemanly”
education.
Thank you for your attention. 

17. By
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