2. ELIMINATION
• Elimination is the complete
removal destruction of
something.
OR
• The expulsion of waste from
body is known as elimination.
3. • It is also known as defecation. Bowel
elimination is a natural process critical to
human functioning in which body excretes
waste products of digestion. It is a essential
component of the healthy body function.
OR
• Defection (bowel elimination) is the act of
expelling faces (stool) from the anus and
rectum. It is also called bowel movement
DEFINITION
4. • GI tract also known as alimantry canal. It is a hollow
muscular tube that extend from the mouth to the anus
•Food is broken down in the stomach in to a semiliquid
mass is called chyme.
•chyme leaves the stomach and enter into the small
intestine which is devided into three part I.e. Duodenum (10
inches long. Receive bile and pancreatic enzyme), jejunum
(it mixes with digestive enzyme and most nutrients are
absorbed) and ileum (unabosorbed chyme enters in the
intestine through ileum).
•Through large intestine and colon chyme expel out from
REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY OF BOWEL
ELIMINATION
5. 1. Water 75%.
2. Solid 25%.
a) Solidify components of the digestive juices, undigested
fibers(e.g cellulose) which is insoluble,act as bowl
irritant, draws water out into lumen, cleans out lower GIT
and is correlated with lower risk of colon cancer.
b) Dead bacteria (20%).
C) Fat (10-20%).
d) Inorganic materials(10-20%).
e) Undigested protein (2-3%).
COMPOSITION
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF
NORMAL STOOL
VOLUME :- Aprox 250-400ml
NORMAL COLOUR :- Adult :-
Infant :-
COSISTTENCY :- Formed,soft,semisolid and
moist.
SHAPE :- Cylindrical shape
NORMA AMMOUNT :- varies with dait (about 100to
400g per day
ODOUR :- Aromatic
7. FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL
ELIMINATION
1. Age and development
2. Daily pattern
3. Life style (High fat diet)
4. Medication
5. Pain
6. Diagnostic procedures, surgery and
anaesthesia
7. Activities and Muscle Tone
8. Psychological factors (Emotional stress)
9. COMMON PROBLEMS IN
BOWEL ELIMINATION
1. Constipation
2. Fecal impact
3. Diarrhea
4. Fecal incontinence
5. Flatulence
10. CONCEPTION
01
Conception is an elimination problem characterizes by
small,dry,hard stool that is difficult to pass or the
passage of no stool for a period of time. The causes are
irregular defecation habit, inappropriate diet, insufficient
fluid or exercise.
Verious signs symptoms include the following:
1. Complaints of rectal fullness or pressure
2. Pain on defecation
3. Abdominal distention
11. FECAL IMPACTION
02
Fecal impaction is a mass or collection of
hardness stool that is stuck in the rectum or
lower colon due to prolonged retention and
accumulation of fecal material,poor
defecation habits. It in that people who have
been constipated for a long time.
12. DIARRHEA
03
Diarrhea is the direct passage of water liquid
stool and commonly is accompanied by
abdominal crimping. It is an increased
frequency of defecation.
Simply diarrhea usually, Diarrhea is a means
of eliminating an irritating substance such as
tainted food or intestinal pathogens.
13. FECAL
INCONTINENCE
04 Fecal incontinence refers to loss of
voluntary ability to control fecal and
gaseous discharge through the anal
sphincter or inability to control the
explosion of faces. The causes are spinal
card trauma and tumors of the external
sphincter muscle.
14. FLATULENCE
05 Flatulence is the presence of excess
air/gas in the intestine which leads to
stretching and inflation of the intestine
(intestinal distension). Air or gas in the
gastrointestinal tract is called flatus.
