-

1. * GB786149 (A)
Description: GB786149 (A) ? 1957-11-13
An improved rotary cultivator
Description of GB786149 (A)
COMPLET SPECIFICATION
An Improved Rotary Cultivator
We, ALLGAIER-WERKE, G. m. b. H., of (14a)
Uhingen, Wurttemberg, Germany, a German
Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a rotary cultivator having transmission gear
disposed inside the rotor and adapted to be coupled to the power
take-off shaft of a driving vehicle. In known rotary cultivators of
this kind the rotor had to be divided into two parts disposed one on
each side of and adjacent the central transmission gear; an
uncultivated strip of ground was then left in the region of the
driving shaft. In order to enable the full width to be cultivated
without leaving a gap of this kind, the cultivators were heretofore
usually driven from the take-off shaft through the intermediary of a
bevel gear disposed outside the rotor, a shaft which also extended
outside said rotor and parallel to the cultivator axis, and a second,
laterally arranged transmission gear in the form of a
chain-and-sprocket drive or spur gear drive.
In the case of high-powered cultivators, in order to reduce the forces
the drive was actually effected from both ends, so that in all two or
even three separate transmission mechanisms were required, which made
the cost of construction high.
The object of the invention is to provide a rotary cultivator enabling
a central drive to be combined with an uninterrupted working surface.
According to the invention this problem is solved by providing the
driving shaft leading to the transmission gear of the cultivator with
a cranked portion at the point where said shaft intersects the

2. envelope cylinder formed by the cultivator blades and by making the
ratio between the speeds of rotation of said shaft and of the
cultivator such that the cranked portion engages, in the manner of a
toothed wheel, in the gaps between the cultivator blades of adjacent
blade rings. By surprisingly simple means this construction permits
radial introduction of the driving shaft into the envelope cylinder
formed by the cultivator blades, and such introduction makes possible
a particularly safe reliable, light and cheap general construction of
the rotary cultivator.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention it is
particularly advantageous to form the cranked portion of the driving
shaft as a sharp blade, whereby any pieces of vegetable matter, clods
of earth or the like that may be carried up by the cultivator blades
can be more easily cut up without excessively retarding the driving
shaft.
Lastly, it is advisable to provide the cranked driving shaft with a
counterweight, which is also divided, in order to ensure vibrationless
running of the shaft.
An embodiment of the invention chosen by way of example is described
in detail hereunder with reference to the three accompanying drawings,
in which:
Fig. 1 is a view in plan of a rotary cultivator according to the
invention, the driving elements being shown partly in section ;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a cranked portion of the driving
shaft, on a larger scale ; and
Fig. 3 shows six consecutive positions of the cranked driving shaft
and adjacent cultivator blades during one rotation of the driving
shaft.
In the rotary cultivator shown in the draw- ings, the driving torque
is transmitted from the power take-off shaft 1 of a tractor through a
universal-joint shaft 2 and a safety coupling 3 to the driving shaft 4
of the cultivator. In the driving shaft 4 is arrange a cranked portion
4', the transmission ratio be- tween the transmission bevel gear
wheels 5 and 5'in the transmission gear 6 for driving the cultivator
shaft 7 is made such that this cranked portion engages, in the manner
of a toothed wheel, in the gaps between cultivator blades 9,9'of
adjacent blade rings, said blades being secured to discs 8. A U-shaped
frame 10 is used in the usual manner for attaching the rotary
cultivator to a tractor at connection points 11,11', for supporting
the cultivator shaft in bearings 12,12'and for securing covering
plates if used. Fig. 2 clearly shows the cranked portion 4'provided
with edges 13 formed as sharp blades and with a divided counterweight
14,14'. The six successive phases of movement of the cranked portion
4', at intervals of 60 from one another, illustrated in Fig. 3 show

3. the way in which the cranked portion 4'and the cultivator blades 9', 9
of the adjacent blade rings interengage in the manner of toothed
wheels during one rotation of the driving shaft 4.
What we claim is :-
1. A rotary cultivator with a transmission gear disposed inside the
rotor and adapted to be coupled to a power take-off shaft of a driving
vehicle, characterised in that the driving shaft leading to the
transmission gear has a cranked portion at the point where said shaft
intersects the envelope cylinder formed by the cultivator blades and
that the ratio between the speeds of rotation of said shaft and of the
cultivator is such that the cranked portion engages, in the manner of
a toothed wheel, in the gaps between the cultivator blades of adjacent
blade rings.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786150 (A)
Description: GB786150 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to the recovery of vitamin b
Description of GB786150 (A)
Translate this text into Tooltip
[75][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION

4. Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 30, 19
Application made in Hungary on May 30, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 19 i
786,150 No 16774/56.
56.
7.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), V.
International Classification:-CO 7 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to the recovery of vitamin B,2 We, RICHTER
GEDEON VEGYESZETI GYAR R.T, a Hungarian Body Corporate, of 63 Cserkesz
u, Budapest X, Hungary, do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to the
recovery of vitamin B, in purified form from its solutions.
One of the known methods for the recovery of vitamin B 12 in purified
form from solutions containing it together with impurities comprises
precipitation of a heavy metal cyanide vitamin B 12 complex from an
aqueous solution containing vitamin B 12 and decomposition of the
precipitate (see British Patent No 728,048) According to this method
the complex is precipitated by addition of the required amount of an
aqueous alkali cyanide solution to an aqueous solution of vitamin B 12
and thereafter an equimolecular amount of copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel
or silver salt solution is added The precipitate formed is thereafter
separated from the liquid, and vitamin B 12 recovered by means of
extraction of the precipitate with diluted acetic acid Another method
consists in decomposition of the complex precipitate with a diluted
solution of an alkali cyanide, and in shaking the solution thus
obtained with a solvent.
The known methods, as stated above, are effected in an aqueous medium
It has now been found, however, that precipitation of the complex can
be carried out with conspicuous advantage in a medium consisting of a
diluted water-miscible organic solvent.
Unlike the loose and floating precipitate obtained in purely aqueous
medium, a quickly settling precipitate of compact nature is obtained
which can readily be separated from the liquid phase, for example, by
means of decanting Consequently, centrifugation and lPrice 3/61
filtration of the highly poisonous mixture can be dispensed with.
The use of organic solvent media also offers a further advantage Thus,
the purification by use of heavy metal cyanide com 50 plexes is not
suitable for the purification of crude, highly diluted aqueous
solutions of vitamin B,2 but only for the purification of more

5. concentrated solutions obtained in a later concentration stage Such
more con 55 centrated solutions are, in general, obtained as follows:
vitamin B, is extracted from the crude, highly diluted solution by
means of an adsorbent, for instance, activated carbon, and is eluted
therefrom by means of a polar sol 60 vent (e g, aqueous alcohol or
acetone), whereafter a solution is obtained, the concentration of
which exceeds that of the starting solution by approximately 15 to 20
times.
This concentrate is already suitable for the 65 recovery of vitamin
B,2 by means of heavy metal cyanide complexes, and the present
invention offers the advantage of being applicable directly to the
solution thus obtained without the necessity of distilling off the sol
70 vent, namely, alcohol or acetone.
It has further been found that, compared with the known methods, a
substantially higher purifying effect can be achieved according to the
present invention when, 75 after having added the required amount of
alkali cyanide to the vitamin B,2-containing mixture present in a
diluted organic solvent, and, prior to the addition of the
equimolecular amount of heavy metal-for in 80 stance, copper-salt, the
p H of the highly alkaline mixture is adjusted to about 6 5 to 7.5 by
means of an acid For this purpose, a diluted mineral acid; for
instance, hydrochloric acid, is suitable Only thereafter is 85 the
corresponding amount or heavy metal salt solution added while stirring
Simultaneously with the precipitation of the insoluble complex
compound, the p H of the reaction mixture is displaced in acid
direction Acidi 90 IINZ'0 786,150 fication should be conducted so that
the precipitation of the complex takes place at p H 2 to 3 5,
preferably 2 5 to 2 8 As will be seen from the examples hereinafter,
vitamin -5 B, can be recovered from the precipitate thus prepared in a
substantially purer condition than from the corresponding precipitates
obtained according to the known methods, that is to say, in aqueous
solution and without adjustment of p H.
According to the invention therefore we provide a process for the
recovery of vitamin B,2 in purified form from its solutions by means
of precipitating a heavy metal cyanide vitamin B, complex therefrom,
characterized in that the precipitation is effected in an aqueous
solution of a watermiscible organic solvent the p H of the medium
being adjusted to about 6 5 to 7 5 by means of a mineral acid after
addition of alkali metal cyanide but before addition of heavy metal
salt.
After decomposition of the heavy metal cyanide complex, the active
substance may be recovered by conventional procedures referred to
above, that is to say, by extraction in acid medium or by adsorption
on to activated carbon.

6. According to the present invention, however, the active substance may
be isolated as follows:
The complex compound separated from the excess liquid and washed with
water is mixed with 0 5 to 1 parts by weight of phenol or one of its
homologues, and a concentrated, about 40 , Na CN solution is then
dropped into the mixture while stirring The precipitate is then
decomposed on warming and the full amount of the vitamin B 1,
separates at once in the phenolic layer The lower aqueous layer of
brownish colour contains the electrolyte impurities In consequence of
the high electrolyte content of this layer, the formation of an
emulsion-a very troublesome phenomenon occurring in the course of the
usual shaking with phenolis avoided.
The aqueous part is again shaken with a small amount of phenol, the
phenolic phases are united and, upon addition of some nonpolar solvent
(e g, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride) and acetone or ether, the
vitamin B,2 separates into the aqueous phase.
Before addition of the latter solvents, it is advisable to wash the
phenol-carbon tetrachloride phase first with alkaline and then with
pure water By a suitable selection of the ratio of phenol to the
non-polar solvent in the mixture the active substance is recovered
free from decomposition products and also substantially free of
accompanying bodies, practically selectively.
The following examples are presented to illustrate specific
embodiments of the invention and a control test shows the difference
of effect, as compared with the known method.
The starting material of the process according to the examples was
prepared as follows A sludge which is the residue of 70 bacterial
fermentation of town sewage filtrates was extracted with water in the
warm.
The vitamin B 1, content of the extract was previously enriched by two
absorption stages in a known manner, that is to say the 75 active
substance was first absorbed on to Fullers earth or bentonite, and the
eluate of this stage treated with activated carbon The activated
carbon was washed with warm water, and the adsorbed matter extracted
80 with warm 65 > ethanol The alcoholic eluate was of a yellowish pink
colour, and contained 3 58 mg /ml of dry substance The vitamin B 13
content, ascertained by means of the E coli test method amounted to
272 85 gamma/ml Degree of purity: 076 The sensibility of E coli being
not specific, this test in the presence of other related factors shows
improbably high values of vitamin B,, Therefore the determination 90
was repeated after separation of the accompanying factors by means of
e'lectrophoresis (see Holdsworth, E S, Nature, 171 148.
1953) The results were:
Vitamin B,2 content: 8 2 gamma ml 95 Degree of purity: O 23 The

7. examined alcoholic solution was divided into three parts of 500 ml
each which were used as starting material for the examples and for the
control test 100 EXAMPLE I
To 500 ml of the above described alcoholic solution 16 5 ml of 10
aqueous Na CN solution is added, and the p H is ad 105 justed to 7 5
by means of 10 hydrochloric acid Thereafter 25 ml of aqueous Cu SO,.
H 20 solution is added whereupon the isoluble cupricyanide vitamin B,1
complex precipitates After formation of the precipitate, 110 the p H
of the solution amounts to 2 6.
The precipitate is isolated by means of centrifugation, thereafter
dissolved in 5-" aqueous Na CN solution, and the solution treated with
l gr activated carbon This 115 amount of carbon adsorbs practically
the whole of the active substance present After washing the carbon
with water, the active substance is extracted with warm 65 ' alcohol
Vitamin B, content of the eluate: 120 (a) Direct determination: 11 5
mg.
Calculated with respect to the starting material:
(b) Determination after electrophoretic separation: 3 83 ma.
Calculated with respect to the starting material:
Dry substance content: 96 mg.
93.5 < 786,150 Degree of purity (according to a) (according to b) 12 %
( 16-fold) 4 % ( 18-fold) EXAMPLE 2
From 500 ml of the alcoholic extract, the heavy metal cyanide vitamin
B 12 complex is precipitated according to Example 1 The precipitate is
separated by centrifugation, washed with water, and mixed with half of
its volume of phenol while stirring Thereafter an about 40 % aqueous
Na CN solution is added to adjust the p H of the mixture to 9 0 The
phenolic phase is separated, and the aqueous residue shaken with half
the amount of the phenol used in the first stage.
After separation, the phenolic phases are united, twice its volume of
carbon tetrachloride is added, and the whole washed with water By
addition of an equal volume of acetone, the active substance is
displaced into a small amount of water.
Vitamin B,, content of the aqueous solution:
(a) direct test: 10 35 mg ( 76 %) (b) after electrophoretic separation
3 8 mg ( 92 5) Dry substance content: 93 mg.
Degree of rurity:
(according to a) 9 6 %' ( 13-fold) (according to b) 4 08 % ( 18-fold)
The following Example 3 serves as control test according to which the
third part of the alcoholic starting solution is treated in accordance
with the known method, that is to say, the complex is precipitated
from aqueous solution and therefrom without preliminary adjustment of
the p H.
EXAMPLE 3

8. 500 ml of the alcoholic extract is evaporated until free from alcohol,
and thereafter diluted with water to the original volume 16 5 ml of 10
%' aqueous Na CN solution is added, whereby p H 10 2 results.
Without any adjustment of the p H, 25 ml of a 250 % solution of Cu SO
45 H O is added to the alkaline solution, whereupon a precipitate
occurs and p H 4 5 results.
The precipitate is further treated according to Example 1 After
elution of the activated carbon, an alcoholic solution specified below
is obtained.
Vitamin B,2 content:
(a) Direct determination 6 7 mg ( 49 5 %/) (b) Determination after
separation by electrophoresis: 3 75 mg ( 91 5 %) Dry substance
content: 201 5 mg.
Degree of purity:
(according to a) 3 34 % (according to b) 1 87 % ( 4-fold, with respect
to the starting material) ( 8-fold, with re 65 spect to the starting
material) It is clear from the above that by means of the formation of
the complex precipitate 70 according to the invention, a more than
twofold purification of the substance is achieved, as compared with
the precipitation according to the known method, that is to say,
without adjustment of the p H 75
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786151 (A)
Description: GB786151 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to steam traps
Description of GB786151 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION

9. Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 31, 1956.
( w D /' Application made in United States of America on Oct 31, 1955,
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 64 ( 2), R 1 i International
Classification:-F 22 g.
The inventor of this invention in the sense of being the actual
deviser thereof within the meaning of Section 16 of the Patents Act
1949 is David L Morgan of RobertshawFulton Controls Company,
Bridgeport Thermostat Division, Milford, Connecticut, United States of
America, a Citizen of the United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Steam Traps We, ROBERTSHAW-Fu L To N
CONTROLS COMPANY, a Corporation organized under the Laws of the State
of Delaware, United States of America, of 110 East Otterman Street,
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to control devices, particularly steam traps or
condensation draining devices.
In steam traps, an expansible element such as a bellows is used to
actuate a valve member to control the flow of condensate from a steam
line The bellows in such device is generally charged with a volatile
liquid which, when the bellows is surrounded by steam, exists in a
vaporous state, but when the bellows is surrounded by condensate or
water, exists in a liquid state As long as steam alone surrounds the
bellows, the fluid within the bellows will be at the same temperature
as the steam around it, but when even a small amount of condensate
collects around the bellows, there is an instant flow of heat from the
vapour inside the bellows to the condensate outside The flow of heat
causes the vapour within the bellows to condense, thereby causing
contraction of the same The bellows is usually connected with the
valve member whereby the valve member will be opened upon said
contraction of the bellows releasing the condensate.
In such steam traps, damage to the bellows often occurs when, upon
rapid filling of the trap with condensate, the valve is opened faster
than the condensate can flow from the outlet of the trap resulting in
a pressure being exerted on the outside of the bellows much higher
than the pressure of the charge inside the bellows Excessive pressure
conditions may also result from water hammer lPrice 3/61 or the sudden
opening of a line valve Such conditions generally result in the
bellows being permanently deformed or bent whereby the calibration of
the trap is destroyed.
One common means of preventing damage 50 to the bellows is to fill the

10. bellows so that when cold, it is completely full of volatile liquid
While this is effective in preventing pressure damage, it results in
slow response of the bellows due to the large amount of 55 fluid that
must be heated and cooled.
According to the present invention there is provided a steam trap
comprising a casing containing a first valve member movable relatively
to an inlet 60 opening in the casing to control the passage of fluid
therethrough, a second valve member movable relatively to an outlet
opening to control the passage of fluid therethrough, means responsive
to a temperature condition 65 including an element expansible and
contractible in response to, variations in a temperature condition and
expansible and contractible in response to variations in the pressure
condition of steam surrounding said element, 70 an operative
connection between said element and said valve members, means
including said operative connection for moving the valve members to a
first position wherein the inlet and outlet openings are both open and
75 to a second position wherein the outlet opening is closed and the
inlet opening open in response to temperature variations affecting the
expansible and contractible element, and for moving the valve members
to a third 80 position wherein the inlet opening is closed and the
outlet opening open in response to a pressure variation within the
casing.
Thus it is possible to protect a steam trap from excessive pressure
conditions without 85 limiting the response of the same to temperature
conditions.
For a better understanding of the invention, reference will now be
made to the accompanying drawing which is a longitu-90 786,151 No
16873/56.
786,151 dinal sectional view of a steam trap embodying this invention.
Referring more particularly to the drawing, the steam trap includes a
casing 10 having an inlet 12 adapted to be connected to a steam pipe
or the like requiring draining and an outlet 14 which may be connected
to a discharge or drain pipe The inlet 12 and outlet 14 define a pair
of oppositely disposed concentric passages 16 and 18 respectively
which communicate with the opposite ends respectively of a valve
chamber 20 within the casing 10.
The casing 10 may be of unitary construction or formed as shown in two
parts having mating flanges 22 and 24 which are secured by means of an
annular clamp 26 A flat, non-circular supporting member 28 is
interposed between the flanges 22 and 24 and extends across the
chamber 20 to provide a mounting means for a temperature responsive
means now to be described.
The temperature responsive means take the form of an expansible and
contractible bellows member 30 extending axially of the casing 10 and

11. having one end fixed and sealed to the supporting member 28 and the
other end thereof freely movable toward the outlet 14 The bellows
member 30 is of conventional form and is preferably charged with a
volatile fluid which will change from a liquid to a vaporous state and
generate pressure within the bellows member 30 to expand the same
whenever the bellows is subjected to heating by steam in the chamber
However, a small amount of condensate touching the walls of the
bellows member will cause sufficient flow of heat from the volatile
fluid to condense the same and contract the bellows member 30.
The bellows member 30 is connected to a valve means and is operative
to position the same to control the inlet 12 and outlet 14 upon
expansion and contraction thereof To this end, the free end of the
bellows member carries a strap 32 of generally rectangular
configuration defining two oppositely disposed end walls and parallel
side walls The side walls of the strap 32 extend slidably through two
spaced slots 34, 34 formed in the support 28 and which maintain axial
alignment of the strap 32 with the chamber and permit reciprocable
movement of the strap 32 between the inlet 12 and outlet 14.
The opposite end walls of the strap 32 carry two oppositely disposed
valve members 36 and 38 respectively of the conical plug type The
upper valve member 36 is engageable with an annular shoulder 40
defined by the inner end wall of the inlet passage 16 The valve member
38 is similarly engageable with a shoulder 42 defined by the inner end
wall of the outlet passage 18 for controlling the flow of fluid
therethrough The valve members 36, 38 are thus positioned for
selective operation whereby movement of one of said valve members 36,
38 toward its associated seating surface will cause movement of the
other of said valve members 36, 38 away from its 70 associated seating
surface.
The free end of the bellows member 30 is attached to the lower end
wall of the strap 32 and is operative upon expansion and contraction
thereof to position the strap 32 and 75 the valve members 36 and 38
between the above described operative positions A spring 44 is
preferably mounted in compression interiorly of the bellows member 30
between the support 28 and strap 32 and is 80 operative to exert a
biasing force on the free end of the bellows 30 during excessive
contraction thereof as will become apparent.
OPERATION If the chamber 20 is filled with steam, the 85 fluid within
the bellows member 30 will be in a gaseous state, and the bellows
member will be expanded thus positioning the strap 32 whereby the
valve member 38 engages the valve seat 42 In this position 90 of the
strap 32, the outlet 14 is closed while full foxw is permitted through
the inlet 12 since valve member 36 is out of engagemenent with the
seat 40.

12. As long as the fluid contacting the walls 95 of the bellows member 30
remains in the form of steam, the outlet 14 will remain closed
However, should even a small amount of condensate collect around the
bellows member 30, there will be an instant 100 flow of heat from (the
vapour within the bellows member 30 to the condensate surrounding the
same This flow of heat causes the vapour to condense therebv causing
contraction of the bellows member 30 Con 105 traction of the bellows
member 30 effects movement of the strap 32 toward the inlet 12 to a
position wherein both of said valve members 36 and 38 are disengaged
from their associated valve seats 40 and 42 respectively 110 The
outlet 14 is thus opened and condensate flows from the chamber 20 into
the discharge pipe or conduit to which the outlet 14 is connected.
When the condensate has all been drained N 5 from the chamber 20, the
liquid within the bellows will vaporize in response to heating the
surrounding steam whereupon the bellows member 30 will expand and
return the strap 32 to its initial position wherein the 120 valve
member 38 engages the seat 42.
If, during the above described operation of the device, a build-up of
pressure should occur in the chamber 20 which is 2 reater than the
pressure of the fluid within the 125 bellows member 30 then the
bellows member will be contracted more than would ordinarily occur
from mere condensation of the vapour within the bellows member 30.
Any such abnormal contraction on the part 130 786,151 of the bellows
member 30 will move the strap 32 and valve member 36 to partially
close the inlet 12 and limit the flow into the chamber 20 Upon
sufficient contraction of the bellows member 30, the valve member 36
will engage the seat 40 and prevent further flow of fluid into the
chamber 20.
This closing of the inlet 12 upon excessive contraction of the bellows
member 30 results in movement of the valve member 38 farther through
the outlet during such excessive pressure while at the same time
cutting off the f 16 W through the inlet 12.
The bellows member 30 is thus responsive to both temperature and
pressure conditions within the chamber 20 and accordingly enables the
device to be self-protecting against excessive pressure conditions,
such as a result of water hammer or the sudden opening of a valve in
the steam line.
While only one embodiment of the invention has been herein shown and
described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the
construction and arrangement of parts may be in other ways variously
embodied or changed.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility

13. * Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786152 (A)
Description: GB786152 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to apparatus for lifting casks
Description of GB786152 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for
Lifting Casks
I, ARX ILJE, a Norwegian Subject, of HillevaO near Stavanger, Norway,
do hereby declare the invention, for which
I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:
The present invention concerns improvements in or relating to
apparatus for lifting casks.
Conventionally lifting apparatus for casks consist of a wire with
hooks sliding freely thereupon which must, when the wire is lifted, be
maintained in engagement manually with the ends of the cask, until the
wire has become tight. When the wire is again slackened, the hooks
disengage from the cask under their own weight. This may result in
accidents for example if a cask being lifted hits an obstruction thus
momentarily releasing the tension on the wire.
It is an object of the present invention to provide apparatus which
avoids this risk of accidental release of a cask being carried by the
lifting apparatus.
Thus according to the present invention there is provided apparatus
for lifting casks comprising two hooks adapted to engage the ends of a
cask, said hooks being pivotally attached respectively to two
elements, and a spring serving to influence said elements so as to
tend to move the hooks towards each other.
Preferably the two elements are two tubes slidable telescopically in

14. each other and carrying at their outer ends said hooks. The apparatus
preferably includes two hoisting shackles attached respectively to the
outer ends of said tubes or elements.
Said shaddes are preferably pivotally attached to pins. to which the
hooks are attached. The spring may be a tension sprint arranged within
the tubes and having each of its ends attached to one of the said
tubes.
In order that the invention may be well understood, one preferred
embodiment thereof will now be described, by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying drawing, showing a side elevation partly
in section of the apparatus.
The apparatus comprises two tubes 1, 2 arranged telescopically one 1
within the other 2 and in sliding engagement. The outer ends of the
tubes 1, 2 are provided respectively with transverse pins 3 and 4.
To the pins 3, 4 hooks 5, 6 respectively are pivotally attached as are
hoisting shackles 7, 8. Within the tubes a tension spring 11 is
disposed, whose ends are attached to transverse pins 9, 10
respectively of tubes 1, 2, so that said spring tends to move the
tubes together into the position shown.
In use one of the hooks, for instance 5, is engaged with one cask
edge, whereafter the other hook 6 is pulled out, with consequent
relative sliding of the tubes and tensioning of the spring 11, and is
brought into engagement with the other cask edge. Thus the spring will
maintain both hooks in engagement. Consequently, the hooks may be left
alone, and the lifting means of the shackles may take place in the
ordinary manner, without the need of maintaining the hooks in position
manually until the lifting wire or rope is tensioned. When
subsequently the cask is lowered and the hoisting wire is slackened,
the hooks will still be maintained in engagement by means ofthe spring
11. Safety is thus ensured even though the cask accidentally hits
against an obstruction.
In use it is preferred that the two parts of the hoisting wire which
are connected each with one of the shackles 7 and 8, be maintained
during the hoisting at an angle of about 90 degrees to each other.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p

15. * GB786153 (A)
Description: GB786153 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Process for the improvement of polyester fibres
Description of GB786153 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1000778 (B) FR1161070 (A) NL88764 (C)
DE1000778 (B) FR1161070 (A) NL88764 (C) less
Translate this text into Tooltip
[82][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 20, 1956.
7869153 No 22629/56.
( r / Application made in Germany on July 22, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 2), E( 1 B:6 D 2)a International
Classification:-DO 6 m.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for the Improvement of Polyester Fibres We, F Au BWERKE
HOECHST A Xv Tn UTNGSELLSCILHFT, vormals MEISTER Lucius & BRUNING, a
Body Corporate recognised under German Law, of Frankfurt (M)Hoechst,
Germany do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to a process for the improvement of polyester
fibres.
In Specification No 652,948 it is proposed to decompose the fibre

16. substance of polyester fibres by the action of aqueous solutions of
alkali metal hydroxides on the polyester fibres ccording to the
process described in that Specification the polyester fibres are
treated with aqueous solutions of sodium or potassium hvdroxide of
4-20 per cent strength Such concentrations, however, can lead to
considerable damage of the material due to the strong decomposition
effect and it is therefore important to take care that the process is
carried out with the observance of due precautions This can be done by
using the alkali in as low as possible a concentration or by reducing
the operating temperature In the above Specification it has been
proposed to operate under pressure while reducing the concentration of
alkali.
In spite of these possibilities the performance of the reaction is
fraught with considerable risk Low concentrations of alkali metal
hydroxide or the action of the alkali metal hydroxide solutions at low
temperatures lead to the desired effect only after a long period of
action The use of high concentrations of alkali at high temperatures,
however, involves the risk of a non-uniform action even under
atmospheric conditions and causes damage to the fibres in someplaes A
non-uniform action is particularly undesirable if the material is to
be subsequently dyed.
The present invention is based on the observation that the finishing
of textile material made of polyesters, partieularly 50 polyethylene
glycol terephtlhalate, using aqueous solutions of alkalies, can be
substantially simplified, and that the above mentioned disadvantages
can be eliminated, by adding thereto a glycol 55 and/or a polyglycol
or an ester or ether thereof.
The technical advantage of the use of the specified substances is
shown in the fact that it is possible to employ alkali 60 metal
hydroxide solutions of relatively low concentration, for example below
4 %, without an excessively long heating being necessary Moreover it
is observed, in working with higher alkali concentrations,65 that the
action of the alkali metal hydroxide solution proceeds very uniformlv
and that the decomposition is in general less than without the use of
the specified substances However, this is not 70 detrimental to the
attainment of the desired result, namely the production of goods with
a soft handle.
Particularly favourable results are obtained if polyglycols with an
average 75 molecular weight up to 5000 are used As above indicated, by
the addition of the specified compounds it is possible to reduce the
concentration of alkalies to less than 4 % The treated material has an
excellent 80 handle In particular, when using higher polyglyeols of a
molecular weight of about 4000 to 5000, a similar feel is obtained
with a low degree of decomposition of the fibre, to that previously

17. attained with a 85 substantially higher degree of decomposition by
treatment with alkalies alone The quantities of the specified glycols
or of their derivatives that are used may vary within wide limits 90
786,153 As polyglycol derivatives there may be mentioned, for example,
condensation products of fatty acids or alcohols and ethylene oxide or
glycol, that is to say sueh compounds as contain a hydrocarbon radical
which may be bound to the glycol or polyglyeol molecule by means of a
CO group Particularly such products have given good results as contain
a higher hydrocarbon radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms As examples
there may be mentioned the condensation products of lauryl alcohol,
palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol with varying
qquantities of ethylene oxide or glycol or polyglyeol, and the
condensation products of aliphatic earbo Vxylie acids, such as acetic
acid and especially higher carboxylic acids such as laurie acid,
palmitic acid, 20stearic acid, oleic acid or ricinoleic acid, with
ethylene oxide or gl-col or poly-glc-ol.
Usually quantities of 10 to 25 grams per litre of the specified
compounds will be added to the treating baths In some eases it may be
useful, however, to employ larger quantities, for example up to 50 or
even 100 grams per litre Sometimes it is also possible to use smaller
concentrations of the said compounds, for example ,, 5 or 307 grams
per litre.
The following Example illustrates the invention:
EXAMPLE
A fabric consisting of polyethylene glycol terephthalate fibres,
having been thermofixed at 1700 C, is boiled for 11 hours at 980 C, to
10000, in a closed winch vat in an aqueous bath containing per litre
25 grams of sodium hydr oxide and gramis of a polvgleol of an average
40 molecular wei-ht of 4000 The boiling off effect is determined
oravimetrically by means of punched out samples, preferably of a size
of 25 sq em By multiplication of the weight found by the factor 400,
the 45 veighlt per sq in of the finished material is determined
Althouglh this treatment leads to a loss in weight that is per cent
less than that involved in a corresponding treatmient with sodium
hydroxide solution 50 alone, the handle of the finished material is
practically as soft as in the case of a sample that has been
decomposed more intensively Moreover it exhibits a better and a more
uniform receptivity for dyes 55
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015

18. * Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p