Question 1: Discuss the critical characteristics of communication channels in data communications. Explain how bandwidth and communication medium affect data transmission. Compare and contrast various communication media types, such as twisted-pair cables, optical fiber, and wireless. Provide real-world examples to illustrate the advantages and limitations of each. Question 2: Network topology plays a crucial role in data communication. Compare and contrast three different network topologies (e.g., star, bus, ring) used in data networks. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each topology in terms of scalability, fault tolerance, and ease of maintenance. Analyze real-world examples of network deployments that utilize these topologies and explain why a particular topology was chosen based on the organization's requirements. Question 3: Examine the evolution of Ethernet technologies in data communications, focusing on Switch- Based Ethernet and Wireless Ethernet (WiFi). Describe the key features, advantages, and limitations of each technology. Provide examples of scenarios where these technologies are commonly used. Discuss the challenges related to security and network management associated with each technology. Evaluate the network security measures necessary to safeguard Ethernet- based networks, considering both wired and wireless environments..

1. Question 1:
Discuss the critical characteristics of communication channels in data communications. Explain
how bandwidth and communication medium affect data transmission. Compare and contrast
various communication media types, such as twisted-pair cables, optical fiber, and wireless.
Provide real-world examples to illustrate the advantages and limitations of each.
Question 2:
Network topology plays a crucial role in data communication. Compare and contrast three
different network topologies (e.g., star, bus, ring) used in data networks. Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of each topology in terms of scalability, fault tolerance, and ease of
maintenance. Analyze real-world examples of network deployments that utilize these topologies
and explain why a particular topology was chosen based on the organization's requirements.
Question 3:
Examine the evolution of Ethernet technologies in data communications, focusing on Switch-
Based Ethernet and Wireless Ethernet (WiFi). Describe the key features, advantages, and
limitations of each technology. Provide examples of scenarios where these technologies are
commonly used. Discuss the challenges related to security and network management associated
with each technology. Evaluate the network security measures necessary to safeguard Ethernet-
based networks, considering both wired and wireless environments.