This article discusses the Building Science Specialist (BSS) designation, which provides confidence that holders have specialized training and experience in building science. To obtain the BSS designation, candidates must: 1) be a member of a provincial Building Envelope Council, 2) meet educational requirements such as an engineering/architecture degree and building science experience, 3) pass four professional exams on building science theory, building envelope systems, materials, and mechanical systems, and 4) maintain the designation through ongoing professional development credits each year. The designation is offered nationally through the Building Science Specialist Board of Canada.
11. Pushing the Envelope Canada 11
H
aving attended my first On-
tario Building Envelope Council
(OBEC) event as a student, I’m im-
mensely honoured to now be writing to you
as president of the council. I’m very proud
and humbled to have the opportunity to lead
this remarkable organization, and I look for-
ward to working with the board to further
OBEC’s mission.
Despite pulling off several successful
in-person events last year, the restrictions
on gatherings have forced us to move back
to webinar-style events. I’m hopeful that, as
the restrictions are slowly lifted, we’ll again
be able to meet in-person soon; we will, how-
ever, continue to broadcast our events to
those who are unable to make it in-person,
ensuring we reach as large of an audience
as possible. In the meantime, we’ll continue
to meet every month online, hold our edu-
cational webinars, and enjoy the informal,
post-webinar discussions, during which we’re
able to connect with one another and catch
up.
OBEC is looking forward to planning ex-
citing and informative events this year. We’re
very proud and thrilled to be putting on
the 16th
Canadian Conference on Building
Science and Technology (CCBST), to be held
from October 27 thru 28, 2022 at the Para-
mount Event Space in Vaughan, Ontario.
The CCBST has been bringing together
building science researchers, designers, ma-
terial suppliers, and practitioners for over 40
years to discuss the ever-advancing building
science field. With a global reputation for
showcasing advances in design, construction,
renovation,repair,andoperationofbuildings
and building enclosures, the conference pro-
vides a unique opportunity to connect with a
wide array of experts and industry leaders.
The theme of the 2022 conference is
Healthy, Efficient and Resilient: Constructing
Today’s Buildings for Tomorrow. We antici-
pate this year’s conference will draw together
experts from across Canada and the world
to discuss advancements in building ma-
terials and techniques aimed at improving
indoor environments, while reducing the
impact on the natural environment. By the
time you read this, our call for abstracts will
be wrapped up, and we’ll be busy putting
together the conference program, which will
be jam-packed with great technical content,
insightful presentations, and opportunities
to connect with industry experts. With a
focus on building for a more sustainable and
healthier future, this year’s conference will
be especially important for future genera-
tions, which, I am delighted to observe, are
becoming increasingly engaged and enthusi-
astic about building science.
To support the growth and engagement
of our student community, we’re planning
to expand our student chapters. We’re also
working toward eliminating financial barriers
to our membership by providing free student
memberships starting this summer. With
more student-organized events planned for
2022, I’m filled with pride and optimism;
when the next generation of building science
expertsissopassionateandengaged,wetruly
have a bright future.
Thinking about our future, I can’t help
but reflect on our past and on everyone who
has helped us get this far. I want to thank our
past-president, Ehab Naim Ibrahim, for his
service as president of OBEC during the past
couple of years. Ehab did an exceptional job
in extraordinarily difficult times, and he con-
tinues to be a great supporter and promoter
of OBEC. I would also like to thank Brian
Abbey and Ian Miller for their years of ser-
vice on the OBEC board; their contribution
has been immeasurable. I also want to thank
all the board members and committee mem-
bers, who graciously volunteer their time to
help us expand our community and increase
engagement. We’re always looking for addi-
tional help, and if you’re interested in getting
involved with OBEC in any way, shape, or
form, please e-mail us at info@obec.on.ca.n
n n n UP FRONT
Message from the President
OBEC President
Mila Aleksic
B.Arch.Sc., M.A.Sc.
Professor, Centre for Construction
Engineering Technologies
George Brown College
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
President: Mila Aleksic, B.Arch.Sc., M.A.Sc.,
George Brown College
Vice-President: Daniel Aleksov, P.Eng., BSS,
Leading Edge, Building Engineers Inc.
Treasurer: Negar Pakzadian, B.Eng., M.Arch.,
M.B.Sc., BSS, CPHD, City of Pickering
Board of Directors:
Erica Barnes, M.A.Sc., P.Eng., CPHC, RDH
Building Science Inc.
Matthew Gelowitz, M.A.Sc., CPHC, LEED®
AP,
Synergy Partners Consulting Ltd.
Paul Johannesson, Dipl.Arch.Tech., CET, Tremco
Roofing Building Maintenance
Jelena Madzarevic, M.B.Sc., EllisDon
Corporation
Andrea Mucciarone, B.A., M.B.Sc., BSS, Read
Jones Christoffersen Ltd.
Rob Quattrociocchi, BSS, Synergy Partners
Consulting Ltd.
Jimmy Tang, M.B.Sc., B.Arch.Sc., Morrison
Hershfield Ltd.
With more student-organized events planned for
2022, I’m filled with pride and optimism; when the next
generation of building science experts is so passionate and
engaged, we truly have a bright future.
12.
13. Pushing the Envelope Canada 13
T
he BSS®
(Building Science Specialist) is a designation that
provides members of the building industry, including build-
ing designers, specifiers, developers, contractors, and owners,
with the confidence that any designation holder has specialized train-
ing and experience in the field of building science. This designation
has existed at the provincial level since 2002 and, in 2018, it was rolled
out nationally through the newly formed Building Science Specialist
Board of Canada, a group of industry and academic leaders dedicated
to building science education. There are currently 152 certified mem-
bers nationally and this number grows every year.
Obtaining the BSS designation includes four key steps:
1. Membership in a participating provincial Building Envelope
Council (BEC);
2. Achievement of the specified educational requirements;
3. Achievement of the experience requirements related to building
science practice; and
4. Successful completion of the four professional exams.
To achieve the educational and experience requirements, candi-
dates must have an engineering or architectural undergraduate or
graduate degree and at least 2,000 hours of practical experience dir-
ectly related to the practice of building science. Or, candidates must
have an engineering or architectural diploma from a recognized col-
lege or polytechnical institute and at least 5,000 hours of practical ex-
perience directly related to the practice of building science.
To successfully complete the exam requirements, candidates must
pass each of the four professional exams offered by the Building Sci-
ence Specialist Board (a minimum final mark of 65 per cent must be
achieved in each of the exams). The four exams, each currently of-
fered across the country one per year, include:
1. The Building Science Theory Exam;
2. The Building Envelope Systems Exam;
3. The Materials Exam; and
4. The Mechanical Systems Exam.
The Building Science Specialist website, www.bssb.ca, provides a
list of detailed learning objectives that candidates can be examined
on. It’s the candidate’s responsibility to ensure they are adequate-
ly prepared to write each exam. This website also includes helpful
reference material, listing resources you may need to know to self-
study for the exams, and it also includes links to building science
courses and programs across the country.
Once a candidate has achieved the BSS designation, annual re-
newal of the designation is tied to ongoing engagement in building
science education. To continue to use the BSS letters beside their
name, BSS holders must obtain 10 professional development cred-
its each year, through attendance of, or a presentation at, building
science events, writing for a building science website or publication,
or demonstrating professional leadership in the field.
The BSS designation is not a license to practice building sci-
ence. It’s a certification of a level of knowledge that those who
obtain the designation are highly skilled in the practice of build-
ing science as determined by their educational and experience
requirements.
Are you ready to join us? Visit our website, www.bssb.ca, and get
started now! n
AreYouReady
toBecomea
BuildingScienceSpecialist?
n n n UP FRONT
14.
15. Pushing the Envelope Canada 15
A
s we reflect on the unprecedented
global events that have affected
the roofing and construction indus-
try over the past two years, we try to gain
some clarity and understanding on what
has happened, how we got here, and where
we are heading in the future. In the fore-
ground are the immediate impacts of the
COVID-19 pandemic, including material
shortages and pricing volatility, and in the
background are the decades-long concerns
about the environmental impact of the
building industry.
Let’s take a look at the current and on-
going supply chain crisis, our growing need
to address the environmental impacts of
construction practices, and options for de-
sign professionals when selecting systems for
their roof replacement, restoration, and new
construction projects.
CURRENT SITUATION
We must first address some of the factors
that have contributed to the industry-wide
material shortages and pricing increases.
It’s important to point out that there is no
one event at fault; it was a cascading chain of
global events, which included:
• COVID-19 shutdowns: Reduced manu-
facturing and production of construction
materials due to stay-at-home orders and
forecasting uncertainty.
• Increased consumer demand: Many
of the raw materials required for com-
mercial and industrial construction are
also used in residential construction. In-
creased demand outstripped the already
limited supply.
• Severe environmental events: Fires,
floods, hurricanes, and deep freezes
have devastated areas of Canada and the
United States, reducing infrastructure
and further straining the supply chain.
• Port backlogs: Strikes, natural disasters,
and reduced staffing have led to a massive
backlog of goods transported by sea.
NavigatingRoofingOptionsfor
DesignProfessionalsin2022
n n n FEATURE
• TruckingshortagesacrossNorthAmerica
and border restriction issues.
These issues have affected all mem-
bers of the construction industry and have
resulted in project delays and ballooning
budgets. In the roofing industry, the ma-
terials most significantly affected include
roofing insulation materials, certain roofing
membranes¸ adhesives, specialty chemicals,
and membrane and insulation fasteners. The
significance of these delays can be anywhere
from four weeks to 12 months, depending on
the product and quantity required.
In addition to the delays, the overall
cost of materials has skyrocketed, with the
National Roofing Contractor’s Association
(NRCA) reporting a 23.5 per cent increase
in roofing materials between December
2020 and December 2021 and a 105.1 per
cent increase in iron and steel prices during
the same period. Unfortunately, the stabil-
ization of pricing is not anticipated until
2023, which means end-users, including
taxpayers, are getting less value for every
dollar spent.
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
On top of the mounting pressures of
completing projects on-time and on-budget,
the building and construction industry con-
tributes significantly to the generation of
By Meagan Kikuta, Design Professional Rep, Tremco Roofing Ontario
Diagnostic of existing single-ply roof.
16. 16 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
greenhouse gas emissions and, ultimately,
the effects of climate change.
Architecture 2030 reports that buildings
and the construction industry generate near-
ly 40 per cent of annual global carbon diox-
ide emissions—28 per cent through building
operations and another 11 per cent through
building materials and construction.
The consequences of rising carbon dioxide
are well-documented and have contributed to
extreme weather events, food scarcity, and ris-
ing sea levels. A key way the roofing industry
can assist in reducing greenhouse gas emis-
sions is by diverting waste from landfills and
minimizing the consumption of raw materials
through manufacturing of new products (see
photo at the top-left of this page). This can be
achieved by designing durable, high-perform-
ance roofing systems with longer lifecycles or
by extending the service life of existing roofs
through the process of roof restoration.
OPTION 1: ROOFING RESTORATION
FOR EXISTING ROOFS
Restoration is the process of keeping the
core functioning components of an existing
roof and upgrading the water-resistant or
waterproofing components that have worn
away. Restoration can dramatically extend
the service life of a roof, and certain restora-
tion systems may even eliminate the need for
future replacement.
Additionally, restoration can mitigate
some of the issues we’re currently facing with
material shortages and price increases. Res-
toration doesn’t require the same volume
of materials as a roof replacement project,
which can help expedite projects and keep
them within budget.
FEATURE n n n
EXISTING MEMBRANE RESTORATION OPTIONS
Modified Bitumen Roofing
Polyurethane fluid-applied roof restoration
systems
Roof recovery systems
Single-Ply Roofing
Polyurethane fluid-applied roof restoration
systems
Roof recovery systems
Built-Up Roofing
Polyurethane fluid-applied roof restoration
systems (see photo above)
Resaturant and flashing upgrade
Metal Roofing Various types of metal restoration coating systems
Table 1. Restoration solution options for existing roofing membranes.
In the past, roof restoration gradually
lost market share, due to the introduction
of newer and, sometimes, more commodity
roofing systems; however, in recent years,
restoration has started to make a come-
back, with high-performance options and
solutions for almost every kind of membrane
and system available. The following are key
benefits of restoration:
• Cost savings for the building owner;
• Diversion of construction waste to land-
fills;
• Avoiding tonnes of carbon emissions;
• Reduced disruption and risk for building
occupants;
• Potential to convert roof into a high-al-
bedo roofing system and reduce energy
consumption;
• Odour-free options available;
• Cold weather systems available; and
• Accommodates challenging roofs with
limited access and staging areas.
To ensure a successful restoration, a roof
needs to be thoroughly vetted through in-
spection and, if needed, lab analysis to de-
termine the roof’s condition. The process of
inspection can include a visual review, core
samples, and infrared analysis or electrical
capacitance to determine the quantity of
saturated insulation (see photo on page 15).
It’s recommended to engage your manufac-
turers during this process to discuss warranty
options and recommended systems.
As a rule of thumb, a typical restoration
candidate is a roof that’s in fair condition,
with insulation that’s under 25 to 30 per cent
saturated and with no serious discernable
issues. Although the investigation process
takes time, coordination, and investment
from the owner or property manager, the
cost savings and risk avoidance benefits
could be significant.
Once the roof has been vetted and ap-
proved as a restoration candidate, the next
step is to repair the damaged areas, in-
cluding blisters, ridges, and removal and
replacement of saturated insulation. Re-
placing saturated insulation is important to
prevent the development of mould, rot, and
loss of thermal performance. The final step
is to install the approved restoration solu-
tion. Table 1, below, provides a short list of
Polyurethane fluid-applied BUR restoration.
Roofing demolition and disposal.
17. Pushing the Envelope Canada 17
available restoration solutions based on the
existing roof type. Contact your local manu-
facturer to discuss project-specific concerns,
warranty requirements, system benefits, and
surface preparation requirements.
OPTION 2: DESIGN OPTIONS FOR
NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ROOF
REPLACEMENT
Unfortunately, not all existing roofs can
be restored and not all buildings have exist-
ingroofs.Inthecaseofnewconstructionand
roof replacement projects, full new roofing
systems need to be designed and installed.
These projects have been the most heav-
ily affected by the material shortages and
pricing volatility, and they also contribute to
the increase of global carbon emissions.
Designing creatively and with a focus on
durability and longevity can help guide new
construction and roof replacement projects
in 2022 to help alleviate ongoing supply
chain issues and long-term environmental
impacts. The following are some ideas that
may help designers as we move into the next
construction season:
• Design with multiple membrane options.
Providetheoptionofpricingoutasecond
membrane and request lead times and
pricing for both. Availability may dictate
the installed roofing system.
• Design for performance rather than pre-
scriptive. Ask your client if they would be
comfortable with a performance-driven
roofing solution rather than a prescriptive
solution. Select a list of manufacturers
with past proven performance and select
your required warranty length, system per-
formance requirements, fire rating, wind
uplift, and system guidelines. This will
allow your contractors and manufactur-
ers to assemble a system that is available,
high-performing, and cost competitive.
• Design systems with fewer compon-
ents. Consider the configuration of the
roofing system; inverted roofs typical-
ly have fewer components than conven-
tional roofs, which means less potential
for material delays to affect the project
schedule. Additionally, the membrane in
an inverted roof can be installed immedi-
ately and the building can be watertight,
which can prevent insulation delays from
affecting the project schedule (see photo
on this page). However, inverted roofing
systems are typically heavier, due to the
ballast requirements, and this additional
n n n FEATURE
load will need to be confirmed by the
structural engineer.
• Design with durability in mind. The chal-
lenge is predicting if we’ll be in a similar
situation again in the future; design-
ing a durable roof is not only more sus-
tainable but can reduce future costs and
headaches associated with removal and
replacement. Look at systems with a
history of past proven performance and
physical properties, like puncture resist-
ance, tensile strength, and low temper-
ature flexibility.
• Work with manufacturers with a diverse
portfolio of product offerings and strong
local presence.
• Be flexible but compliant. If projects
require substitutions of components,
confirm with your manufacturer that the
alternate products do not void any warran-
ties, fire ratings, nor wind uplift ratings.
CONCLUSION
March 2020 seems like a very long time
ago, and it would’ve been impossible to pre-
dict all the individual events that have led to
our current situation. As an industry, we re-
main hopeful that supply will eventually be
able to meet demand in a predictable and
timely way—and on-budget. In the mean-
time, as we work toward that goal, know there
are options and ways to provide creative and
durable roofing solutions for your clients.
Finally, consult with your local manufacturers
and roofers for the most up-to-date informa-
tion on product pricing and potential delays
and continue to stay informed through virtual
and, hopefully, in-person resources. n
Meagan Kikuta is currently a design pro-
fessional rep for Tremco Roofing Ontario. She
has over 12 years of experience in the commer-
cial construction industry in the fields of tech-
nical sales, construction project management,
and consulting engineering. Meagan holds a
master’s degree in civil engineering from the
University of Toronto and a bachelor’s degree
of architectural science from Ryerson Universi-
ty, both majoring in building science.
REFERENCES
• Why the Building Sector? Architecture
2030,https://architecture2030.org/why-
the-building-sector.
• Construction Material Prices Are 23.5%
Higher than a Year Ago. NRCA, https://
www.nrca.net/RoofingNews/construc-
tion-material-prices-are-23-5-high-
er-than-a-year-ago.12-15-2021.10125/
Details/Story.
• Petar Lukic, Photos on pages 15 and
16. Images from various project sites
in 2019. Windsor, Ontario.
Inverted roofing membrane application.
18.
19. Pushing the Envelope Canada 19
W
ith an increased focus on energy
efficiency, and due to more strin-
gent building and energy code
requirements, split or exterior insulated wall
assemblies—even in wood-framed construc-
tion—are becoming more and more popular.
Installing insulation outboard of the
sheathing plane provides a continuous layer
of insulation outside of the structural fram-
ing, thereby minimizing thermal bridging
from framing members and increasing the
temperature of the moisture-sensitive wood
sheathing, which can improve the durabil-
ity of the assembly by reducing the risk of
condensation in these moisture-sensitive
components.
Adding exterior insulation, however,
combined with the installation of wood strap-
ping or any other “rainscreen” material sig-
nificantly increases the thickness of the wall
assembly and can create challenges when
detailing wall penetrations such as windows,
doors, vents, and electrical and mechanical
penetrations.
Let’s discuss strategies that can be used
when detailing these wall penetrations in
Detailing
DifferentWall
Penetrations
inSplitor
Exterior
InsulatedWall
Assemblies
n n n FEATURE
By Guillaume Vadeboncoeur, Group Leader, Building Science Masoud Attar,
Building Science Engineer, WSP Canada Inc.
split or exterior insulated wood-framed wall
assemblies. For the purpose of this article,
a wood-framed split insulated wall assembly
will be discussed, with the assumption that
it’s constructed as following, from interior to
exterior:
• Painted interior gypsum board;
• Polyethelene air / vapour barrier;
• Wood studs with batt insulation;
• Plywoodororientedstrandboardsheathing;
• Building paper, synthetic sheathing
membrane, or vapour permeable, self-ad-
hered sheathing membrane;
• Semi-rigid exterior insulation;
• Wood strapping; and
• Cladding.
Completed window installation.
Multiple completed window installations.
20. 20 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
The detailing we’ll discuss would also
apply to other exterior or split insulated wall
assemblies, but the above wall assembly is an
example of currently constructed wall assem-
blies in wood-framed construction.
Special considerations must be taken in
detailing this type of wall assembly to main-
tain the continuity of the air barrier, the
water-resistant barrier, and the thermal bar-
rier, including other important factors such
as the cladding attachment and detailing.
The most common wall penetration in wood-
framed construction would likely be the glaz-
ing units, also commonly called windows.
The construction industry has developed
numerous methods of flashing and installing
windows identified in ASTM E2112: Stan-
dard Practice for Installation of Exterior Win-
dows, Doors, and Skylights, which provides
guidance to the designers and contractors.
In British Columbia, building envelope
engineers and consultants have become ob-
sessed with waterproofing and detailing the
window rough openings and window perim-
eters. Each engineer or consultant appears to
have their own little twist and is ready to shout
to the entire building science community that
their way is the best—similar to how grand-
mothers worldwide claim to have the best spa-
ghetti sauce or meatloaf recipe (my spaghetti
FEATURE n n n
Window detailing in progress.
Completed window installation.
21. Pushing the Envelope Canada 21
sauce is all-world by the way, and my way of
detailing windows is even better, haha).
WALL AND WINDOW DETAILS
The tricky part when detailing windows
in a split or exterior insulated wood-framed
wall assembly is how they have now become
“recessed” in the wall assembly when nailing
the flanges on the sheathing plane, due to the
increased thickness of the wall outside the
sheathing plane and the exterior insulation
and strapping.
A couple of options present themselves.
Should we shim in behind the nailing flange,
so the face of the window lines up with the
cladding plane, as it would in a convention-
al wood-framed wall assembly (without any
exterior insulation)? Or should we “pic-
ture-frame” the window with metal flashings
and leave the window recessed in the wall
assembly? Will that have an impact on the
thermal performance of the window/wall as-
sembly? Will it have an impact on potential
water ingress or air infiltration at the window
perimeter?
The answer to these questions can come
in many forms and will depend on many fac-
tors. In any case or method, we must address
the two main challenges, including securely
fastening the window in place and mini-
mizing the risk of water ingress by properly
flashing the window at this critical location.
It’s important to note that a good window
installation converts a hole in the wall into
an integrated part of all four important con-
trol layers that make up a wall assembly, in-
cluding the water, air, vapour, and thermal
control layers. Basically, all we must do is to
connect all water, air, vapour, and thermal
control layers to each other.
Totacklethe“age-old”or“new-age”ques-
tion of what can we do around the exterior
sideofthewindowswiththeaddedexteriorin-
sulation,wecanelaborateontheinitiallymen-
tioned options, by having the window line up
with the cladding plane or by picture-framing
the window with metal flashings or furrings on
the outside made of different materials (e.g.,
PVC, pressure-treated furring).
For both options, we can start with the
typical waterproofing detailing at the window
rough opening and make sure we have an
air- and water-tight connection at the rough
opening. After that, we can either install a
pressure-treated wood furring or a cellular
PVC exterior trim around the window rough
opening. Basically, the intent is to construct a
n n n FEATURE
square box out of those materials to account
for the thickness of the semi-rigid insulation
on the outside, which will then allow the in-
stallation of our cladding materials. Another
option is to have the head, jambs, and sill
metal flashings installed around the exterior
side of the window to allow for the thickness
of the exterior insulation, creating a recessed
window in the wall assembly.
The photos on pages 19, 20 and the top
of this page show the option where strap-
ping is used to furr out the perimeter trims
and metal flashings are used to close the gap
between the trim and window frame. Note,
the window is recessed in the wall assembly.
The slight drawback with this approach is
the minimal thermal bridge at the perimeter
flashings. The advantage of this approach is
the ease of construction, which will ensure
water- and air-tight detailing. The small loss
in energy performance is balanced by the as-
surance we have in the detailing to prevent
air and water penetration.
Other wall penetrations such as vents,
packaged terminal air conditioner units,
electrical penetrations, and mechanic-
al penetrations are similar and, there-
fore, similar approaches in the design
Completed exterior wall penetration detailing at a heat pump.
Multiple completed window installations.
22. 22 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
and construction of these details can be
used. Metal flashings can be used to “pic-
ture-frame” around a hose bib. All of these
penetrations will create “voids” in the
sheathing membrane layer, which should
be properly sealed using extendable or
non-extendable peel-and-stick flashing or
sheathing tape in conjunction with seal-
ant. As a best practice, it’s important the
trained installers follow the proper instal-
lation procedure to ensure the layers are
installed in shingle fashion; however, they
inadvertently may reverse-shingle the lay-
ers, causing reverse laps that can lead to
infiltration and / or exfiltration. Therefore,
regardless of the procedure, air and weath-
er barriers should be lapped to shed water
to the exterior face of the wall assembly.
On the other hand, failures can often
occur due to material incompatibilities
around sealant, flashing membrane, and
the respective water-resistive barrier, which
may lead to loose edges or unadhered
membranes that can provide potential
paths of moisture and / or air infiltration.
For some details, however, such as vent
hoods, it may be necessary to shim behind
FEATURE n n n
Window detailing in progress. Hose bib detailing in progress.
23. Pushing the Envelope Canada 23
n n n FEATURE
the flange, so the air that exhausts from the
vent hood can properly escape to the outside.
As exterior insulated wall assemblies are be-
coming more popular, some of these wall ac-
cessories may be upgraded, so the “mouth”
of the vent hood is stretched outward to ac-
count for the increased wall thickness.
CONCLUSION
Exterior insulated or split-insulated wall
assemblies are becoming more popular, even
in wood-framed construction. The standard
details that were used for window and wall
penetrations must be upgraded and re-de-
signed to account for the increased thickness
of these wall assemblies, due to the insulation
layer installed outboard of the sheathing. Sim-
ilar to details in conventional wall assemblies,
there is more than one way to design each of
the details, but it’s critical for the performance
ofthewallassembliestoproperlylayerandse-
quencethewallcomponentsatthesedetailsto
prevent moisture ingress, air infiltration, and
minimize thermal bridging. A properly de-
signed detail should ensure there is continuity
of all the control layers, including the water,
air, vapour, and thermal control layers. n
Guillaume Vadeboncoeur, P.Eng., LEED®
AP, is a professional engineer at WSP Canada
Inc. with over 16 years of experience in building
science. He has a mechanical engineering de-
gree with a major in material properties. Guil-
laume is the building science Group Leader for
the Fraser Valley and Southern Interior. He is
also a project manager and a project engineer
that has managed several building science proj-
ects that include building envelope remedia-
tions, building envelope condition assessments,
roofing assessments, roofing replacement proj-
ects, and wall monitoring. His expertise lies with
knowledge of building envelope components,
building science theories, and ways to incorpo-
rate new technologies into construction.
Masoud Attar, P
.Eng., M.Eng., is a profes-
sional engineer at WSP Canada Inc. with over
sevenyearsofexperienceinthebuildingenvelope
field. He has a strong engineering background
with a master of engineering degree in building
science from the British Columbia Institute of
Technology, and his expertise lies in performing
building science consulting, testing, assessment,
and project management. With a unique back-
groundinmultipletypesofconstruction,Masoud
brings a different perspective to problem-solving
throughout design and construction, providing
effective solutions to complex situations.
24. 24 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
W
hen challenges come up in the
fast-paced world of construc-
tion, one needs to be quick to
adapt to minimize the risk to the stake-
holders involved. Specifically, it’s well-
known that the building envelope is prone
to discontinuities during construction that
could lead to water leaks, callbacks, insur-
ance claims, and durability issues during
its service life.
Trends in façade design and emer-
ging materials are keeping up with the
ever-increasing performance targets such
as R-value, airtightness, thermal bridging,
etc. However, the basics of construction
and building science cannot be over-
looked. With more complicated buildings,
the risks increase, as there are potentially
more envelope types, complex geomet-
ries, and challenging interfaces. No two
buildings are the same, which makes every
project its own “prototype” for unique en-
velope type combinations. Consequently,
this leads to the envelope scope being split
up to numerous sub-contractors.
Some common challenges that often
arise in construction include schedule
delays, changes in construction sequence,
material substitutions, complicated transi-
tions, and tolerance issues. In the last two
years, COVID-19 has brought on more
difficult conditions due to partial site clos-
ures, labour shortages, supply chain im-
pacts, cost escalation, and material delays.
Let’s take a look at the possible challenges
that can arise during construction. We’ll
look at real-world examples and the con-
siderations necessary to ensure a continu-
ous building envelope. For simplicity, the
critical envelope control layers (air, mois-
ture, vapour, and thermal) will be referred
to as “envelope continuity” throughout.
SCHEDULE AND MATERIALS
Most construction materials can be
used and installed under moderate weath-
er conditions without a second thought.
However, most of Canada lies within cli-
mate zones 4 through 7, so consideration of
weather and material limitations is neces-
sary to schedule work in the colder months.
Certain envelope systems can be selected
and scheduled for cold weather installa-
tion, while unforeseen circumstances can
push planned work into the colder months.
When selecting materials, one must consid-
er minimum working temperatures, heat-
ing and hoarding, or any additional prep-
aration, like priming, that may be needed.
Flexibility to have low temperature ver-
sions of materials in specifications should
be built into the project specifications.
A second scheduling consideration is
material lead time. A possible scheduling
FEATURE n n n
By Jelena Madzarevic, Building Material Sciences Specialist, EllisDon
QuickonYourFeet:
HowtoAdapttoBuilding
EnvelopeChallenges
DuringConstruction
25. Pushing the Envelope Canada 25
gap that can occur is between the in-
stallation of an exterior, water-resistive
air barrier membrane and the cladding.
Membranes are usually locally available,
but bespoke cladding systems can have
long lead times. Often, a schedule will
expedite the completion of the exterior
membranes to be sufficiently watertight
to start interior work such as drywall-
ing. Exterior mineral wool would offer
protection to the exterior membrane,
but it’s been difficult to source, due to
COVID-19 supply issues.
If long weather exposure to the ex-
terior membrane is anticipated, the UV
resistance and durability of the product
should be considered during selection.
The remediation of any damaged mem-
brane during this period should also be
accounted for and reviewed in the field.
Manufacturers and their technical rep-
resentatives are an excellent resource
to advise on any necessary material
considerations.
MATERIAL SUBSTITUTIONS
Once major design milestones are
achieved, discussions surrounding alter-
nate materials should be had to create
potential cost savings and schedule oppor-
tunities. COVID-19 has introduced major
supply chain disruptions that have led to
cost escalation and shortages of common
construction materials. Examples include
lumber, stainless steel, aluminum, mineral
wool insulation, polyisocyanurate insula-
tion, silicone, and glass. These materials
are difficult to substitute, leading to sig-
nificant price increases and reconsidera-
tion of design decisions, in some cases.
If a substitution is required, the typical
practice is to go with the next specified al-
ternative. When evaluating substitutions,
performance and durability shouldn’t be
compromised. Where a proposed substi-
tution isn’t specified, the responsibility of
evaluating equivalency can become a grey
area. It’s imperative the envelope subcon-
tractors, architect, envelope consultants,
and material manufacturers work togeth-
er to make the best decision.
When lumber prices increased to re-
cord highs in 2020, framing adaptations
were made. One example witnessed was
the reinvention of the parapet cap as-
sembly. There are many ways to detail
a parapet, however, cap assemblies are
often standard. They typically consist of
a prefabricated dimensional lumber and
plywood frame filled with insulation. One
sub-contractor reduced half of the plywood
and blocking and framed the cap with sheet
metal brake shapes (see Figure 1 on page
26). This change resulted in more on-site
labour, but it reduced the overall cost of
the installation. It’s also worth noting how
the change to a more-conductive sheet
metal would potentially increase thermal
bridging. On a broader level, to manage
the above impacts, suppliers have started
to secure critical inventory or long-lead
items well in advance. An understanding
of this should be considered during design
and scheduling. Certain details must be
finalized and “frozen” early on to allow for
this early material procurement.
CHANGES IN SEQUENCE OF
CONSTRUCTION
On a macro scale, a construction sched-
ule considers the optimal sequence along
a critical path. As part of the scheduling,
the project has to make some key assump-
tions around several variables that could
(and often do) change. Such variables
n n n FEATURE
26. 26 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
include weather conditions, resources,
material delay, and labour availability.
Beyond the hard logic, and on a micro-
scale, the sequencing of envelope transitions
has its own specific variables to consider. A
few examples are material incompatibility,
physical access, and the order of the different
sub-trades involved.
A parapet where a unitized curtain wall
panel transitions to a modified-bitumen
roofing system is a common example of
this material compatibility constraint to se-
quence. If both parties (roofer and curtain
wall trade) are using bitumen-based prod-
ucts, we have no issue; both are compat-
ible no matter the sequence of work.
Conversely, if a silicone-based solution is
to be used by the curtain wall trade and
a bitumen-based membrane is to be used
by the roofer, we could have a compatibil-
ity issue, depending on the sequence of
work. Manufacturers often don’t advise
the adhesion of bitumens onto silicones.
Therefore, a transition membrane with
FEATURE n n n
Figure 1. Left: Original wood-framed parapet cap. Right: The sheet metal proposed cap.
27. Pushing the Envelope Canada 27
n n n FEATURE
a compatible facer or sheet metal plate
may have to be installed before the roof-
ing trade. It’s these sorts of transitions that
are hard to see during the design phase but
become critical—and potentially costly—
later on during construction.
A masonry wall with a curtain wall
framed window is an example of an access
constraint to sequence. It’s best practice to
install the curtain wall and the transition
membrane to the adjacent sheathing plane
prior to masonry. The combined depth of
a typical brick and the airspace don’t allow
sufficient access to adhere a membrane
afterward.
These examples demonstrate that the
sequencing of critical envelope details
should be reviewed, with an awareness
of the numerous possible constraints that
aren’t obvious in a drawing in advance of
site installation. If a sequence change is
unavoidable, details should be revisited to
evaluate how material selection is affected
before proceeding with the installation.
These discussions should include the con-
structor, subcontractors, the architect, the
building envelope consultant, and material
manufacturers.
ON-SITE PROBLEM SOLVING
Challenges with maintaining building en-
velope continuity can also arise independent
of the project schedule and reshuffling of
the work sequence. Reasons for these on-
site challenges could include impractical or
non-constructible details, workmanship, odd
geometries, and tolerance incompatibilities
between different divisions.
These types of common challenges in-
clude unsupported air and water-resistive
membranes, missing sealant, inability to ac-
cess and install components, and poor work-
manship. It’s well-understood there are lim-
itations with 2D drawings when constructing
in a 3D world; sections and details often omit
the most complicated interfaces between
planes and at corners.
Ideally, work in these blind spots can be
reviewed by relevant parties before being
completed on-site. If new details are needed,
they should be requested and documented
via the request for information process. With
that being said, one’s ability to plan and co-
ordinate these problem locations is often
difficult, due to the pressures of a committed
schedule. If the completion of an area is on
the critical path or delays other subtrades
from starting on time, the haste to resolve a
problem increases.
Useful strategies from a field perspective
are:
• In-person workshops to review missing
details and problem areas where 3D
models or photos of the location help fa-
cilitate these conversations.
• A mock-up or hold point of one location
using one possible solution, where all
partiescanreviewandagreeonasolution.
• Flagging the missing detail / problem area
on a plan drawing (using field software
platforms) early to inspire thought from
the subtrades and the design team.
IDENTIFY CHALLENGING
TRANSITIONS IN ADVANCE
Identifying challenging transitions starts
first with a thorough review of the details.
Details are of the utmost importance for
understanding architectural intent and po-
sitioning key envelope control layers. The
transitions, where envelope types change
fromonesystemtoanother,arecriticaltothe
building envelope’s performance.
28. 28 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
FEATURE n n n
At a high level, any penetration of the
envelope should be looked at. The common
transitions to review are at below-grade to
above-grade walls, wall and glazing systems,
soffits, canopies, structural interferences,
parapets, and roof penetrations.
Second, 3D models and still renderings
are an extremely valuable tool when re-
viewing the building envelope. Architectural
drawing PDFs are often produced from
building information models (BIM). BIM
offers many data collection and provides the
ability to orient around overall geometry and
envelope types. Models can be opened using
free viewers. Any potential interferences,
complicated envelope transitions, and po-
tential installation access issues can be visual-
ized, as seen in Figure 2 (above).
Beyond BIM, isometric sketches are a
valuable communication tool to help illus-
trate more detailed information. Isometric
sketches can be done by hand or CAD soft-
ware such as Sketchup, as seen in Figure 3
(above). Project-specific isometric drawings
are useful, in both architectural and sophis-
ticated shop drawing packages. They allow
both parties to communicate the intent and
Figure 3. A rendering used to discuss complicated transitions between
curtain wall, roofing, and metal panel details.
Figure 2. A corner between precast and curtain wall mullions sketched
up to discuss air barrier continuity.
29. Pushing the Envelope Canada 29
n n n FEATURE
the means to achieve it. Discussion of de-
tails in advance through isometric sketches
should continue to be requested and become
common practice. The extra time in draft-
ing pays off when a risk can be mitigated
in advance. To ensure envelope continuity,
isometric sketches should account for all
components, sufficient support, construct-
ability, access, compatibility of materials, and
durability.
CONCLUSION
Challenges during construction are
inevitable, but a breach in the envelope
doesn’t have to be. The likelihood of a chal-
lenge to arise tends to increase with project
complexity and the long-term effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic on the industry. The
critical envelope control layers cannot be
overlooked and are a critical part of any
successful construction project. To achieve a
continuous building envelope, it’s important
to be both pro-active and agile. This mode
of thinking is interdisciplinary and necessary
during design, scheduling, construction se-
quencing, and on-site. A project must be able
to act quickly “on its feet” when challenges
come up and modify plans as needed. n
Jelena Madzarevic is a building and ma-
terial sciences specialist at EllisDon, where
she helps mitigate enclosure-related risks on
projects. She also supports company-wide de-
velopment by delivering building science train-
ing. Jelena is currently a member of the board
of directors for the Ontario Building Envelope
Council.
Details are of the
utmost importance
for understanding
architectural intent
and positioning
key envelope
control layers.
31. Pushing the Envelope Canada 31
FOR NEARLY 40 YEARS AND now in its 16th
iteration, the Can-
adian Conference on Building Science Technology (CCBST) has
been bringing together building science researchers, designers, ma-
terial suppliers, and practitioners to discuss this ever-evolving field.
This conference has earned a global reputation as a leading showcase
for advances in design, construction, renovation, repair, and oper-
ation of buildings and building enclosures. We anticipate the 2022
conference to be the best yet, and we invite you to be a part of it.
The overall theme of the conference is Healthy, Efficient and Re-
silient: Constructing Today’s Buildings for Tomorrow. The event will
bring together leaders in this field from across Canada and the world
to discuss how we can design, maintain, and operate our buildings in
ways that lead to healthier indoor environments and reduced impact
on the natural environment by using new and innovative materials,
construction techniques, and ways of thinking.
Abstracts have all been reviewed, and the speakers whose pres-
entations have been accepted have been contacted. Paper submis-
sions will be submitted by the time you’re reading this magazine, and
speakers will be notified of paper acceptance by May 2, 2022. Final
conference papers are due in by June 3, 2022, and final presentation
submissions must be in by July 30, 2022.
PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2022
4:00 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. Registration Opens
5:00 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. Welcome Reception in Foyer
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2022
7:00 a.m. Registration Opens
7:00 a.m. – 6:30 p.m. Tradeshow
7:00 a.m. – 8:25 a.m. Breakfast on Tradeshow Floor
8:30 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. Welcome Plenary Session
10:15 a.m. – 10:45 a.m. Break on Tradeshow Floor
10:45 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Concurrent Sessions
12:15 p.m. – 1:45 p.m. Luncheon on Tradeshow Floor
1:45 p.m. – 2:15 p.m. Concurrent Sessions
3:15 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. Break on Tradeshow Floor
3:45 p.m. – 5:15 p.m. Concurrent Sessions
5:15 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. Cocktail Reception on Tradeshow Floor
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 28, 2022
7:30 a.m. Registration Opens
7:45 a.m. – 8:45 a.m. OBEC AGM Breakfast
8:45 a.m. – 9:00 a.m. Opening Remarks / Welcome
9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Concurrent Sessions
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. Break on Tradeshow Floor
10:00 a.m. – 3:15 p.m. Tradeshow
10:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. Concurrent Sessions
12:00 p.m. – 1:20 p.m. Luncheon on Tradeshow Floor
1:20 p.m. – 2:50 p.m. Concurrent Sessions
2:50 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. Break on Tradeshow Floor
3:15 p.m. – 4:45 p.m. Closing Ceremonies
*For the most up-to-date schedule, go to www.ccbst2022.obec.on.ca/program/
program-at-a-glance
CCBST 2022:
A Sneak Peek
n n n NEWS AND VIEWS
OCTOBER 27 TO 28, 2022 |
PARAMOUNT EVENTSPACE |
VAUGHAN, ONTARIO
32. 32 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
SPONSORSHIP
LEVELS AT A
GLANCE
• Diamond: $16,000 + HST each
• Platinum: $12,000 + HST each
• Emerald: $9,500 + HST each
• Gold: $7,000 + HST each
• Associate: $5,000 + HST each
• Silver: $4,500 + HST each
• Bronze: $2,000 + HST each
To learn more about each sponsor-
ship level and which is the right fit for
you, visit www.ccbst2022.obec.on.ca.
NEWS AND VIEWS n n n
Sponsorship Opportunities
CCBST IS A TWO-DAY CONFERENCE
that attracts over 300 attendees from Canada
made up of architects, engineers, building scien-
tists, and researchers. There are several reasons
to sponsor this event.
For one, you’ll get excellent exposure. This
is a must-attend event for anyone in the building
envelope and building technology field. As a
sponsor, this conference provides an opportunity
to build and enhance your company’s reputation
withinthebuildingscienceandtechnologysector.
There are also fresh sponsorship opportun-
ities available this year, ensuring you’ll find a
fit that’s right for your company. From char-
ging stations to concurrent sessions, there are
new options that can exclusively promote your
brand. Ask us about developing a custom spon-
sorship package.
Sponsoring this event can also allow
you to showcase your company as a partner.
You can establish your company as a proud
partner of a system that continues to shape
the building envelope industry. Beyond this,
sponsorship enables you to engage with atten-
dees, and as we all know, it’s never been more
important to start a conversation and network
face-to-face.
There are several sponsorship levels avail-
able, including Diamond, Platinum, Emerald,
Gold, Associate, Silver, and Bronze. Don’t
miss out on your chance to be an integral part
of this incredible conference. To learn more, go
to www.ccbst2022.obec.on.ca/sponsor/spon-
sorship-opportunities or to register your spon-
sorship online, go to https://ccbst2022.obec.
on.ca/e-registration/1/sponsorreg.
THANK YOU TO
OUR CURRENT
SPONSORS
Tremco Roofing and Building
Maintenance: Bronze
Pretium Engineering: Emerald
CUFCA: Associate
W. R. MEADOWS: Bronze
Artistic Skylight: Emerald
Pro-Demnity Insurance: Silver
33. Pushing the Envelope Canada 33
Reserved
for
Sponsors
General Session Room
Registration
Reserved
for
Exhibitors
n n n NEWS AND VIEWS
AS COVID-19 PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS CONTINUE to ease,
companies are embracing the idea of getting back out there as we navigate
what conducting—and growing—our businesses in the “new normal” looks
like.
Exhibiting at CCBST 2022 will ensure your company is front and centre
with hundreds of conference attendees, industry professionals and key deci-
sion-makers, from all sectors.
Your booth purchase includes:
• Tradeshow Floor
An eight-foot by 10-foot booth space;
Existing carpeted ballroom;
Pipe / drape;
A 6-foot skirted table; and
A wastebasket.
• Conference
One full conference complimentary registration (doesn’t include any
social tickets).
Additional tradeshow / booth personnel-only passes are available for
$325 per pass.
Don’t delay booking your exhibitor spot, as spots are filling up fast. To
book your booth, go to www.ccbst2022.obec.on.ca/e-registration/2/exhreg.
Exhibitor Opportunities
34. 34 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
CANADIAN CONCRETE EXPO
May 18 to 19, 2022
Toronto, Ontario
Attendees will find the proper suppliers, partners, education, and
business interaction to support individual and company objectives
and help companies prosper in the future.
https://canadianconcreteexpo.com
SUPPORTING WOMEN IN TRADES CONFERENCE
June 2 to 3, 2022
St. John’s, Newfoundland
This year’s program offers interactive workshops, educational
breakout sessions, and dedicated networking spaces. Learn, share,
and connect with apprentices and skilled trades workers who identify
as women, their champions, and community allies.
https://caf-fca.org/2022-swit-conference
THE CANADIAN STEEL CONFERENCE
September 27 to 29, 2022
Vancouver, British Columbia
This conference offers allows participants to meet, exchange,
collaborate, and network with industry leaders and stakeholders. It
also offers a rich and comprehensive program of multiple business
development, educational, and networking activities.
https://www.cisc-icca.ca/event/the-canadian-steel-conference-2022
CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON BUILDING SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY 2022
October 27 to 28, 2022
Vaughan, Ontario
The 16th
annual Canadian Conference on Building Science
Technology brings together architects, engineers, building scientists,
and researchers to discuss building science principles and issues gov-
erning the design, construction, repair, renovation, and operation of
all building types. Flip to page 31 to learn more.
https://ccbst2021.obec.on.ca
MANAGING RISK IN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS
PROJECTS – WESTERN CANADA EDITION
January 25 to 26, 2023
Edmonton, Alberta
This conference provides project owners, managers, and builders
with practical strategies to reduce risk and effectively manage pro-
ject contracts amid uncertainties. With critical challenges arising from
pending changes to Alberta’s construction law and the legal ramifica-
tions of delay claims during the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s essential to
know how to keep your project moving and avoid costly claims and
litigation.
https://www.canadianinstitute.com/managing-risk-construction-contracts-west
UpcomingEvents
NEWS AND VIEWS n n n
35. Since1987 the Ontario Building Envelope Council (OBEC) has been bridging the gaps amongst the architectural, engineering,
research, manufacturers, and construction communities. Their non-profit organization addresses today’s challenges facing
building performance and sustainability.
One of OBEC’s keys to success is their dedication to building science education at all levels.
Guided by the Board of Directors, OBEC is focused on delivering:
• Information forums for the exchange of ideas and information on building science
• Access to current technical information and best practices
• Educational programs for the benefit of the building community
• Guidance on current trends and issues to the research and development community
• Recommendations regarding improvements to codes and standards
Educational opportunities exist through conferences, technical forums, field trips, and monthly dinner presentations. This infor-
mation is made available to members of OBEC. Members can be individuals, corporations, students, or members marked as
Professional for holding a BSS designation.
Corporate Membership - A Corporate Member may be named as such if the member is a corporation, an individual to act as
its representative at any meeting of members of the Corporation must be named as the Corporation’s main representative.
A Corporate Member is entitled to five (5) named persons to be listed in the membership database to receive all society
notifications as well a copy of Pushing the Envelope Canada magazine. All company employees are eligible to receive
the member rate for events.
Individual Membership - An Individual Member may be designated as such if the member is an individual person.
Student Membership - A student is an individual attending a recognized building science program at a college or university
program full time.
Join OBEC and join hundreds of other like-minded people in your industry.
Submit your membership application today and open the door to so much more.
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38. 38 Spring 2022 • Ontario Building Envelope Council
BUILDING ENGINEERS
LEADING EDGE BUILDING ENGINEERS INC......................................................30
BUILDING ENVELOPE
CONVOY SUPPLY......................................................................................... IFC
BUILDING ENVELOPE CONSULTANTS
DANTECH BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES INC.......................................................26
BUILDING ENVELOPE CONTRACTOR
FLYNN GROUP OF COMPANIES......................................................................23
BUILDING PRODUCTS SUPPLIER
BUILDING PRODUCTS OF CANADA...................................................................5
CLADDING
SOUND SOLUTIONS......................................................................................29
CONCRETE WATERPROOFING
XYPEX CHEMICAL CORPORATION..................................................................18
CONSULTING
EXP..............................................................................................................34
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BROWN BEATTIE LTD.................................................................................26
DAVROC ASSOCIATES.........................................................................25, 34
CONTRACTORS
CORNERPOINT E.I.F.S. LTD............................................................................37
CURTAINWALL MANUFACTURER
GAMMA NORTH AMERICA...............................................................................8
EIFS RESTORATION PRODUCTS
DURABOND PRODUCTS LTD....................................................................... OBC
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
HOSKIN SCIENTIFIC.......................................................................................29
ENGINEERS
RJC ENGINEERS...........................................................................................37
EXTERIOR BUILDING MATERIALS
OUT OF THE BOX BUILDING SYSTEMS............................................................20
EXTERIOR INSULATED FINISH SYSTEMS (EIFS)
DUROCK ALFACING INTERNATIONAL LTD.........................................................3
EXTERIOR RENOVATIONS
DOME SERVICES GROUP...............................................................................28
EXTERIOR VENEERS SIDING
THE RAYMOND GROUP – GROUPE RAYMOND................................................22
EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEMS TRIM PRODUCTS
FLANNERY TRIM...........................................................................................12
FENESTRATION THERMAL BARRIERS
AZON...........................................................................................................30
INSULATED CONCRETE FORMS
FASTFORM...................................................................................................37
INSULATED METAL PANELS
KINGSPAN INSULATED PANELS.....................................................................14
MASONRY ANCHORS, TILES ACCESSORIES
BLOK-LOK LTD...............................................................................................6
METAL ROOFING ATTACHMENTS
S-5.............................................................................................................IBC
RESTORATION BUILDING ENVELOPE SPECIALISTS
EDGE GROUP LTD.........................................................................................10
REVERSIBLE FANS FOR RADIATOR CLEANING
CLEANFIX NORTH AMERICA...........................................................................37
ROOF BUILDING CONSULTANTS
DYCON ROOF CONSULTANTS INC..................................................................34
ROOFING BUILDING CONSULTANTS
INFRARED TECHNOLOGIES ANALYSIS INC.......................................................30
ROOFING WALL CLADDING
EXTERIOR TECHNOLOGIES GROUP...................................................................4
SPRAY FOAM INSULATION
AIRTIGHT INSULATION SOLUTIONS INC..........................................................38
STRUCTURAL THERMAL BREAKS
SCHÖCK NORTH AMERICA............................................................................27
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SOLUTIONS
ROBERTSON BUILDING SYSTEMS..................................................................22
TEST LABORATORY
CAN-BEST....................................................................................................32
TESTING EQUIPMENT
THE R.M. GROUP..........................................................................................30
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS n n n