Starsight: http://starsightproject.com

1. SATELLITE IMAGES FOR
SURVEILLANC, SECURITY &
EMERGENCY MANGAMENT

2. OVERVIEW
•This project will enable government or companies to manage satellite
imaging technology for surveillance and security missions:
g g gy y
– Sabotage
– Population
•The main application described will help to fight against pipelines &
terrorist sabotages. However, many others will be pointed.
•This proposal includes all necessary elements to get complete
independence (facilities, own technology, training,...).
SATELLITE IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS
SATELLITE IMAGES / VIDEO FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
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Text

3. SATELLITE IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
STAGE 1 Image from satellite
STAGE 2 Data collecting and pre-
processing g
STAGE 3 Analyzing. Layer structure
STAGE 4 Prevention and countermeasure
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4. STAGE 1: IMAGE FROM SATELLITES
There are two alternatives to get the source images:
1.
1 Buying them to satellite images distributors
distributors.
2. Receiving them directly with hardware equipment (antenna
systems). It is necessary to select some technical
t s ecessa y se ect so e tec ca
specs to get successful information from
satellites:
•The most suitable satellite/s.
•The image sensor.
•The frequency range.
•The desired resol tion
The resolution.
•The size of area inspected.
•The delay between two consecutives images.
•Day/night conditions.
•Color or black and white images.
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5. STAGE 2: DATA COLLECTING AND
PREPROCESSING
Before processing the image to analyze the
results and reaching conclusions, there are
several issues to consider:
1.The preprocessing level. Distortions
caused by the sensors sensibilities must be
radio-metrically corrected.
2.Distortions caused by relief must be
y
ortho-rectified.
3.Image must be compared with
cartography to get accurate results.
4.The format file must be suitable to analyze
the images.
th i
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6. STAGE 3: ANALYZING.
LAYER STRUCTURE
A lot of aspects will be analyzed for each case.
Sorting out every aspect a layer will be
aspect,
obtained.
Every layer will have an influence depending on
the cause relationship with the threat.
Combining all the influence, a risk map will be
g p
worked out
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7. STAGE 4: PREVENTION AND
COUNTERMEASURES
There must be a very closed plan to involve as many authorities groups as
p
possible to react together against threats. That includes army, policy, security
g g y, p y, y
management, civilian protection, fire department,… The most accurate the plan
is, the fastest and most effective reaction will be possible.
CONCEPT:
1. Getting images.
2. Detecting threats.
3. Alerting the authorities.
4. Acting to avoid or mitigate damages.
SECURITY COUNTERMEASURES WILL HELP TO TO:
1. Mitigate causalities.
2. Minimize damages to the corporate infrastructure.
3. Restoring services at the earliest time possible after a security related
incident.
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8. APPLICATIONS
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9. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (I)
A very important security problem is terrorism. There are many
kinds f terrorism. O
ki d of t i One of th most common t
f the t type which i t k
hi h is taken
place in Iraq in last years is PIPELINE SABOTAGES.
Then there is a study to show
how satellite images can help to
prevent pipeline sabotages.
sabotages
However this study can be
applied to most of the terrorism
ways.
ways
Finally, many other applications
of this technology will be include.
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10. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (II)
The Iraqi pipeline network has
q pp
suffered many attacks in the
last few years.
It has become in one of the
main objectives to terrorist
groups.
The starting point is knowing
perfectly the pipeline map and
its features.
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11. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (III)
Accessing to a database
g
registering pipelines sabotages
helps to create patterns.
If we are able to detect some
common factors in the
sabotages, we will be able of
PREDICTING new attacks
attacks.
So, satellite images of the exact
p
place, around in time, are
, ,
decisive to create patterns.
That is achieved identifying
HOTSPOTS.
HOTSPOTS
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12. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (IV)
HOTSPOTS
Temperatures anomalies above
T t li b
a certain threshold calculated
by suitable algorithms using
the IR bands of certain sensors
such as MODIS (Terra, Aqua),
AATSR (Envisat) or SEVIRI
(MSG).
(MSG)
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13. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (V)
Here is a distribution of
pipeline and MODIS hotspots
during 2003, 2004, 2005 and
2006.
Historic hotspots distributions
can h l t prevent f
help to t from new
hotspots.
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14. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (VI)
There is a great amount of
factors to be evaluated for
drawing a vulnerability pipeline
map.
Each layer correspond to one of
this factor.
thi f t
Not all the factors have the same
importance to our proposal That
proposal.
is why each factor will be
multiplied by a specific
coefficient.
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15. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (VII)
Factor A:
•Proximity to populated areas
•Availability of public transportation near pipelines
ility
Factor B:
•Location of additional infrastructures near the pipeline
L ti f dditi li f t t th i li
ulnerabi
Factor C:
•Impact in the national and international economy
Factor D:
Increasing vu
•Unfenced sections
•Lack of buffered-protected areas
•Areas without surveillance
Factor E:
•Pipeline above the ground
Factor F:
•Pipeline in remote areas
•Pipeline protected by patrols
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16. PIPELINE SABOTAGES (VIII)
Co b
Combining all the factors in
g a t e acto s
the layer structure, it is
possible to design a
VULNERABILITY MAPMAP.
It helps definitely to
PREVENTION TASKS.
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17. OTHER APPLICATIONS (I)
Besides avoiding pipeline sabotage, there are so many applications in
which satellite images can help definitely (military and civilian):
1. Defense & Security. Target surveillance.
2.
2 Communications
3. Non removable Natural Resources
4. Sustentable development & risk management
5.
5 Agriculture and forest
forest.
6. Cartography & territory order.
7. Population migrating.
8.
8 Natural di
N t l disasters. Fi
t Fires.
9. Climatology.
10. Pollution.
11. Hydrology. Land evolution.
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18. DEFENSE & SECURITY.
TARGET SURVEILLANCE (I)
Permanent imaging very definite areas helps to watch over them,
and prevent potential terrorist attacks There are a lot of indicators
attacks.
to alert from attacks, such as: unusual people movements, vehicles
parked in forbidden areas,…
1. Government buildings.
2. Religious exhibitions.
3. Humanitarian aids convoys.
4. Factories.
5. Airports.
6. Armaments store.
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19. DEFENSE & SECURITY.
TARGET SURVEILLANCE (II)
NECESSITY:
• Multiplying the sources of information to
strengthen monitoring of the territories
• Detect and monitor changes in sensitive
areas
• Organizing the operations of
peacekeeping
RESULTS:
RESULTS
• The remote mapping of vast territories
• The daily monitoring of borders and ports
• The detection and accurate identification
Infrastructure
• Geographical databases to prepare
surveillance missions
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20. COMMUNICATIONS
NECESSITY:
• Mapping the reception areas and identify
difficult areas
• Maintaining and developing the existing
telecommunications infrastructure
• Optimizing the location of broadcasters to
increase network coverage
RESULTS:
• Ratings fine land occupation
• Database for a 3D interactive simulation of
the implementation of new infrastructure
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21. NON-
NON-REMOVABLE
NATURAL RESOURCES
NECESSITY:
• Perfect exploring the geological and hydrological
resources
• Optimizing the implementation of new mining and
oil infrastructure
• Assessing the impact of farms on the
environment
• Conduct a national inventory of water resources
RESULTS:
RESULTS
• Locating potential sites of exploitation
• Maps of natural hazards impact on industrial
activity
i i
• Mapping of ground deformation associated with a
holding
• Maps of potential water resources
surface or underground
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22. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT &
RISK MANAGEMENT
NECESSITY:
• Preserving the environment around industrial
projects
• Implement plans for p
p p prevention of natural or
industrial risks
• Identify and monitor natural protection zones
• Control the development of tourism activities
RESULTS:
• Regular monitoring of sites at risk (industries,
g g ( ,
infrastructure at sea)
• Update mapping of sensitive areas and coastal
• Tourist maps accurate and easy to update
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23. AGRICULTURE (I)
NECESSITY:
• Evaluate with precocity surfaces
and agricultural production
• Anticipate risks and assess their impacts
(pollution, drought, floods)
• Monitoring the implementation of agricultural
regulations and environmental protection
• Meet the wooded areas and monitor the
development of plantations
RESULTS:
• Accurate and reliable agricultural statistics
before harvest
b f h t
• Remote control of large areas under cultivation
• Early warning system in case of changes
y g y g
• Inventory and management of forestry
(plantations, logging, fire prevention)
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24. AGRICULTURE (II)
Satellite images technology can help to identify exactly which use is
g
given to the land. Agricultural resources are basics in economy of
g y
many countries.
Both information and surveillance
missions are possible.
Studies can focus on which
species are cultivated and the way
they are grown up.
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25. CARTOGRAPHY(I)
NECESSITY
• Topographic databases constitute reference
• Study and implement the schemes of urban and rural
• Create and update cadastral parcelling
• Optimizing road and rail networks
• Organize the census of the population regularly
RESULTS
• Topographic maps at 1:25 000, consistent
with international standards
• The classification of different urban structures
• The update of information
cadastral 1:50 000 to 1:10 000
• Simulations and choice of paths of roads and railways
• The definition of areas to prepare a census
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26. CARTOGRAPHY(II)
A territory can be closely defined using satellite imagery. There are
y y g g y
several issues to consider:
1. 3D mapping.
2. Heights map.
3. Terrain textures.
4. Natural borders.
5. Sea level.
Combining all thi f t
C bi i ll this features very accurate maps would b b ilt
t ld be built.
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27. POPULATION MIGRATING (I)
Usually this movements are caused by natural disasters, wars, military
decisions,…
First of all, a database including all these causes can point a possibility of
detecting population migration.
The
Th easiest way t verify thi migrations i t analyze night satellite
i t to if this i ti is to l i ht t llit
images. One image should be previous to the cause and the other must
be later.
Differences between these images (basically lights in city or villages) can
be the proof to identify population migrating.
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28. POPULATION MIGRATING (II)
Muzaffarabad Muzaffarabad
Manshira Manshira
Disappearing
Increasing Lights / lights
Ephemeral Lights
Appear
A
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29. NATURAL DISASTERS
There is a wide spectrum of possible
natural disaster to study.
These phenomena are usually difficult to
detect before taking place, although in
very specific conditions there may be
some indicators to alert and to start the
prevention protocol.
However, the importance of this point is to
evaluate the consequences of natural
disasters. An estimation of damages is
always a need
need.
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30. FIRES
Satellite images technology can support fire detection. It can not be a
prevent task, but it helps to identify some features:
1. Fire breaks.
2. Fire temperature.
3. Best options to extinguish the fire.
4. Area burned.
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31. CLIMATOLOGY
Besides meteorological information, satellites helps to forecast local
weather phenomena There are several to stand out:
phenomena.
1. Hurricanes.
2. Tsunamis.
3. Tornadoes.
4. Acid rain.
5. Sandstorms.
6. Monsoons.
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32. POLLUTION
Pollution is being considered as a front
page problem. Many efforts have been
carried on to reduce it as much as
possible.
possible
Analyzing satellite images can help to
po t
point which areas produce great
c a eas p oduce g eat
amounts of pollution.
Whit this useful data, a “pollution plan”
can be developed.
This photograph shows how pollution
affects t S th E t A i
ff t to South-East Asia.
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33. HIDROLOGY
Nowadays a good management of water
reservoirs is essential.
Getting satellite images within a short
g g
period of time, floods or droughts can be
evaluated. Comparing images can makes
easy to get results
results.
Moreover water flows of rivers, lakes,
swamps,..., would be sort out.
p , ,
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34. LAND EVOLUTION
Some very particulars phenomena can b studied very accurately with
S ti l h be t di d t l ith
the technology here proposed. Changes in their size, growing up
direction,… All desired parameters are available.
Deserts Glaciers Deforestation
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35. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
PROTECTION
BUILDINGS
BRIDGES
HOSPITALS
MARKET PLACE
USING 3 TECHNOLOGIES:
- SATELLITE IMAGING
- LOCAL CAMERA ZONES
- GIS (Geographic Information System)
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36. PROPOSAL FOR A SATELLITE
IMAGE PROCESSING CENTER
1.-
1 COMERCIAL SATELLITES AVALAIBLE
2.- IMAGE ADQUISITION
3.-
3 RESOLUTION
4.- FACILITIES
5.-
5 TRAINING
6.- ECONOMIC PROPOSAL
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37. SATELLITES ORBITS
There are 2 types of satellites useful for this project considering their orbits:
1. Geostationary orbit: the satellite is always “fixed” over the same point of earth
(period about 24 hours)
hours).
2. Polar orbit: the satellite is moving over the earth's surface (period about 100
minutes).
The use of each type will depend in a daily based need according with the alarms
and the technicians & politics decisions.
The license of images are restricted to country borders.
GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT POLAR ORBIT
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38. SATELLITES AVAILABLE
List of some COMERCIAL satellites watching at any time during their orbits:
1.
1 LANDSAT 7 9.
9 NOAA (AVHRR)
2. LANDSAT5 10. MSG (SEVIRI)
3. SPOT 4-5 from 2.5 to 20 meters resolution 11. RESURS 01
4. FORMOSAT-2 from 2 to 8 meters resolution 12. EROS A1
5. KOMPSAT-2 from 1 to 4 meters resolution 13. ENVISAT
6. QUICKBIRD 14. WORLDVIEW 1
7. IKONOS 2 15. TERRA
8.
8 EOS M1 (MODIS) 16.
16 AQUA
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39. FUTURE SATELLITES
1.
1 PLÉIADES 1 & 2. Very high resolution
2 resolution.
- standard 50-centimeter
- ortho-rectified products
p
- daily revisit capabilities
- perfect complement to SPOT 6 and 7
2. SPOT 6 & 7 continuity SPOT 5 mission with
the same 60-kilometer swath and improved
60 kilometer
2-meter
resolution
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40. IMAGES ADQUISITIONS
Images can be ordered either from archive or by tasking the satellites. For
large volumes, the best solution is to locally receive the telemetry from the
satellites.
satellites
RECEIVING GROUND STATION
Ground telemetry stations for direct acquisition from satellite once it passes over the
station in real time.
WEB TECHNOLOGY
Quasi real time (few hours after acquisition) images are recorded on board the
Q i l ti (f h ft i iti ) i d d b d th
satellites, downloaded in north pole European receiving station and sent via secure
encrypted ftp.
ALTIMETRIC DATABASE
Location accuracy, called reference3d, that allows ortho-rectification of images from
various sources and offers a unique reference. Immediately available over any
country.
y
Cost efficient and can be considered as a national GIS (while setting up a traditional
national GIS will take years and costs a lot of millions of Euros).
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41. RESOLUTION
HIGH RESOLUTION (HR) satellites cover a very wide swath, enabling
them to portray a much larger picture of the situation on the ground,
ground
VERY HIGH RESOLUTION (VHR) satellites provide greater detail and
pinpoint accuracy. The full constellation will operate simultaneously
to provide monitoring of large areas and very tight coverage over
small areas at the same time, thereby giving users the best capability
for surveillance, situational awareness and analyst interpretation in
surveillance
near real-time.
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42. FACILITIES (I)
Satellite Center
Military Civil
Defense/Security Population Environment Mapping
Propose a wide range of images plus the technical expertise to receive, archive, process, etc. Those
images and in downstream to use them in various applications for developing projects.
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43. FACILITIES (II)
BUILDING LOCALLY SPECIFIC OFFER (TBD *)
ANTENNA 6M COMPATIBLE WITH GEO&POLAR
3.4 m for SPOT satellites and, in a smaller circle of visibility, ENVISAT and FORMOSAT-2.
4.5 m or 5.4 m for ENVISAT and FORMOSAT-2, and receive future satellites KOMPSAT-2,
TerraSAR-X, THEOS and PLEIADES.
TERMINAL COMPATIBLE FOR EACH SATELLITE COMPATIBILITY GROUP R ESOLUTION AVERAGE
Terminal is the system that allows the acquisition, inventory, storage, processing and
production data transmitted by the satellite digital sensors.
INSTALLATIONS INCLUDE: (TBD*)
(TBD )
• ZONE STUDY
• BUILDINGS PROJECT
• SOFTWARE
• HARDWARE
• COMMUNICATIONS
• ANTENNAS SYSTEM
(*)Specific offer has to be made based on precise specifications that will consider the local
context, the area to be imaged, the repetivity of viewing, the best combination of images from
different satellites.
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44. FACILITIES (III)
There is the possibility of programming satellites to get the better data for each
application.
pp
Depending on the solution, it might be possible to get the experience, de data and
the collaboration of many other centres around the world.
SERVICES INCLUDED:
System: installation, delivery acceptance testing, training on site, hot-line and
maintenance materials and software
Operations: interfaced to Spot Image for programming and daily assistance relating
to the operations stations
p
Applications: implement support for information centers at the "foot of the
antenna" for defense, agriculture, mapping and
maritime surveillance with transfer of technology or know-how training and
surveillance, know-how,
technical assistance
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45. TRAINING (I)
Training is basic to get complete technological independence. However, technical support
will be provided to launch such an ambitious problem.
We understand formation as an intrinsic part of a project.
It will consist in theory and practicing with real tests.
It is a complete program developed in about 6 8 months depending on needs
6-8 months, needs.
It is included training in Spain to 12 technicians, 4 maintenance and 2 officials.
GETTING INDEPENDENCE
• SOFTWARE FORMATION.
• HARDWARE FORMATION.
• ACQUIRING KNOW HOW.
HOW
• HABITUATING TO THE TOOLS.
• PRACTICING. REAL TESTS.
•TECHNICAL SUPPORT.
• SOLVING PROBLEMS.
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46. CONCLUSIONS (I)
Nowadays satellite features encourage to use their potential.
This project allows to have technological independency for managing
surveillance and security missions.
NASA, ESA and EUSC supports this technology.
Satellite imaging can help to take high level control over a lot of
aspects. Not only military, but also civilian applications can be
p y y, pp
carried on.
Prevention - alert – countermeasures. They are the three logical stages
to manage security.
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47. CONCLUSIONS (II)
There i only one t h l
Th is l technology, b t l t of applications.
but lots f li ti
Hardware, software, installations,…, would be provided; even
formation to employees
employees.
Know how will let to investigate new fields in future.
Other applications not described in this document would be studied.
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48. THANKS!
Contact : Yannick Gaillac,
email: y.gaillac@starsightproject.com
Mob : +44 7968 761 952 www.aerosertec.com / www.starsightproject.com