The Impact Of Stalin On Russia And The Russian People Essay

The Impact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People Essay
The Impact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People
Joseph Stalin was born to a poor family in the province of Georgia in 1879. Stalin's real surname
was Djugasvili; he adopted the name 'Stalin' whilst in prison as he felt the translation 'Man of Steel'
would help his image. Stalin joined the Bolshevik party as a young man and soon became an active
member organizing bank raids to gain money for party funds; this led to Stalin's imprisonment a
number of times. Stalin first met Lenin in December 1905 in Finland and was quite surprised to see
him as an ordinary man unlike the person he had imagined. In 1918 Stalin was made Commissar for
Nationalities of the Bolshevik party, then in 1922 he became ... Show more content on
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Stalin was extremely ambitious and his initial taste of power had made him even more egotistical.
Trotsky fled but was hunted down and eliminated to ensure Stalin retained power. The long term
effects of this ensured that future opponents of Stalin would also be eliminated.
With Lenin dead and Trotsky eliminated Stalin realized he was now able to concentrate on his own
policies. He abandoned Lenin's idea of 'World Revolution' and adopted his own policy of 'Socialism
in One Country'. He began with state control of Industry and Agriculture. This led to Stalin adopting
his 'Five Year Plans for Industry' and 'Collectivisation of Agriculture'. An organisation called
GOSPLAN was created to plan everything out. The first five–year plan was created to improve
heavy industries production such as coal, oil, iron, steel and electricity. The second continued to
emphasise on heavy industry but also made a commitment to communication systems such as
railways. The third put an emphasis on weapon production, as war did seem to be approaching. The
long–term effects of this were that Russia was able to withstand German invasion in World War Two
and drive back the German forces. Stalin's adoption of the Five Year Plans proved to be very
successful. There were vast improvements in Education and Health and Russia was made into a
major industrial
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Darkness At Noon Analysis
The novel, Darkness at Noon, clearly referenced Stalin's purges that occurred during the late 1930s.
The story follows an old Bolshevik–Rubashov–as he experienced the Great Purge and subsequent
show trial. Through a theme of old vs. new and the overarching fear and brutality of the time period,
Darkness at Noon contributes to a further understanding of the 30s in the Soviet Union. Throughout
the novel, the contrast between the old and the new held an important position in the overall story.
By underlining this idea, Koestler illustrated the importance of the old and new communists during
the Great Purges. The characters of Wassilij, Vera Wassiljovna, Ivanov, and Gletkin showed these
contrasting groups. In Soviet politics, the two interrogators illustrated the juxtaposition between old
and new. The first interrogator–Ivanov–represented the old guard while his successor–Gletkin–
characterized the new guard. Ivanov was an old Bolshevik–he once had a picture of the old party on
the wall. A former friend of Rubashov, the two attended university together and fought in the civil
war. Despite the circumstances, Ivanov was rather friendly with Rubashov and confessed that he did
not want Rubashov to be shot (82). After talking for a while, Rubashov stated,
"I am curious to know," he said aloud, "what scheme you have for my salvation. The way in which
you have examined me up till now seems to have exactly the opposite aim." Ivanov's smile became
broad and beaming. "You old fool," he

The Great Purges
To begin with, it can be assumed that Stalin was an irrational leader because he was simultaneously
also a very paranoid individual. He was constantly concerned that people in his own territory and
those abroad were going after him to destroy him. As a result, he was ruthless in making sure his
"enemies" would be punished. One of his most ferocious acts of terror was "The Great Purges"
between 1934 and 1939. During those five years, Stalin executed and imprisoned even his own
admirals and Red Army officers. The terror had no boundaries and nobody was safe from Stalin's
punishment. With the help of the Soviet secret police (NKVD), Stalin aimed to eliminate all
potential opposition thus even members of the Communist party who were deemed suspicious ...
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During World War II, the United States experienced approximately 405,000 fatalities whereas the
Soviet Union neared 20 million (Jansson 72). Stalin was aggravated as he believed the majority of
Soviet deaths was due to betrayal from his Western Allies. Thus, paranoia in the idea that the many
deaths were intentional led him to dislike the West even more. He wanted to spread his sphere of
influence, the only true mentality, as well as protect Russia. Stalin decided that no other war should
ever be Popov 6 fought on Russian soil. The irrational fear that attacks from the enemy might occur
once again, Stalin chose to disregard the Eastern Europeans and instead sacrifice the lives of these
buffer states to prevent a direct attack to the "MotherLand". This textbook example of inability to
trust others and thus hurting people for own benefit clearly demonstrates high symptoms of
paranoia. Research reiterates that individuals who experience such paranoia are more likely to
possess a history of maltreatment as children, such that Stalin experienced. As symptoms of
paranoia express difficulties with stability and trust, it can be concluded that Stalin may have been
an undiagnosed paranoid individual since qualities of healthy individuals "flourish in nurturing
developmental environments" (Tyrka et al

Stalin's Launch of the Great Terror Essays
Stalin's Launch of the Great Terror The Great Terror of 1936–1938 came after a period of success,
with the completion of the First Five Year Plan and the Peasants had been collectivised to make food
for the workers in the factories. Yet there was still opposition to Stalin's leadership inside the party
from Ryutin; Ryutin argued that Stalin should be removed from the position of General Secretary.
Stalin then called for the execution of Ryutin (most communist did not believe in killing their own),
Kirov, Stalin's supporter and the head of Leningrad headed the majority against the execution. This
made Kirov very popular in the party and when there was a vote in the Central Congress for the ...
He also admitted to conspiring with Trotsky to destroy Communism – this conspiracy was called the
'Trotskyite – Zinovievite Conspiracy. The other Trials were in 1937 with Trotsky, but he was not in
the country, yet they still said he was the lead conspiracer and a counter–revolutionary. In 1938,
Bukharin was put on trial, he admitted to nearly everything except, conspiring to plotting the murder
of Lenin. These trials made the Russian people believe that there was a conspiracy going on and that
anyone could be in on it. This made workers suspicious of anyone who did not produce as much as
their fellow workers, this meant that everyone worked hard. This was a brilliant way of getting the
workers to produce more to push crash industrialisation along, if there had not been the conspiracy
theory then Russia would not have acted like a Totalitarian State and therefore not have been as
productive. The theory scared the Russian people from even thinking anti–communist thoughts in
case they were taken away to labor camps. This fear gave total control to Stalin over all areas of
Russia as no one wanted to be sent to the labor camps, so this was a very effective way of
controlling the people of Russia. Another reason for Stalin

What Was The Impact Of The Show Trials
This period in Russian history is painted red with blood, littered with dead bodies and left scars on
the people of the USSR. The actions taken by Stalin during this time caused major pain and sorrow
on the politics and society of the USSR. The consolidation of Stalin's power was a key part for
reason for undertaking the policies from 1930's onward. The power struggle in the Communist Party
that had taken place after the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924 is precontext of the purges that were
soon take hold in the USSR. Stalin and Kirov struggle for leadership of the Communist Party was
key event in the future of the USSR. The victory of Stalin in the leadership battle was the start of the
totatralition leadership that unfold throughout his regime. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Most importantly the execution Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, the Red Army's most creative
thinker and strategist in 1937. "During the first half of 1937 army officers were also purged,.."
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky and a group of senior officers from the Soviet high command were
found guilty at a closed trial of coordinating a German–funded military plot inside the Red Army.
This purge on the Red Army had the same intentions as the rest of the terror to consolidate the
power of Stalin and grow the Capitalist plot against the USSR. This sparked a mass of large
amounts of executions of Red Army officers and soldiers that were taught the be military–fascist
plotters. In reality, all of these men were innocent in every way. Just like in the show trials that had
gripped the nation's previous the NKVD beat confession out of all of these men. This paranoic
attack on the Red Army was the tip of the ice burger in the Great Purge. The figures of the death
tolls are staggering. While the size of the Red Army was not exactly known at this time, however
during this time approximately 35,000 men were arrested and on trial over the course of 1937 and
1938. There are two main reason for the purge of the Red Army. The clash of Tukhachevsky and
Stalin due to Stalin's demands of the Red Army. When Stalin pushed the line with Tukhachevsky he
would reboke against which Stalin sit well with.

An Allegory In George Orwell's Animal Farm
An allegory is a story or poem that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden message, typically
involving politics. A great example of an allegory is George Orwell's, "Animal Farm." When just
looking at this story, one would think it was just about animals that ran off their owners and then
formed their own lifestyle with an animal leader. On the contrary, if one was to pay attention to the
story they would notice that it is pointing the reader to a time in history. Orwell wrote the story
around 1944 in reference to the Russian Revolution and to slander the Soviet Union. Throughout the
novella, the reader is introduced to the vital characters and is able to connect them to men in history.
For example, Old Major the pig was a symbol of Karl Marx. One can see this through the
personality and Old Major and also through him telling of his dream. In the beginning of the novel,
Major has a dream where all animals were equal. He told the other animals that they did not have to
have short lives that were dominated by labor and hunger for the human's sake. Old Major asked
during the giving of his dream if it was not "crystal clear, comrades, that all the evils of this life of
ours spring from the tyranny of human beings?" The dream was used to shadow Karl Marx's
Communist Manifesto where Marx presented the evils of feudalism, capitalism, and the ideal world
of communism to inspire the Russian Revolution. Marx believed that everything in the worlds
history could be explained in result of

Essay Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was one of the biggest mass murderers of the twentieth century. From the purges in the
Red Army to forced relocations, Stalin had the blood of millions on his hands. This essay is not
going to debate the fact that this was indeed a brutal and power hungry individual, because he was
indeed just that. I will on the other hand show you that through his way of governing the Soviet
Union, he actually saved mother Russia from the German invasion in World War Two through his
cunning and ruthlessness.
Joseph Stalin was a very industrious person and used every means possible to better prepare his
country for the coming war that he believed was inevitable. Wether it was diplomatic plotting,
economic maneuvering, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
E. Zinoviev and L. B. Kamenev. From this point on Stalin simply concentrated more and more
power into his own hands. In 1925 Stalin made a turn to the right, got rid of his two companions and
established a coalition with moderate leaders Burkharin, Rykov, and Tomsky, which lasted until
1928, when collectivization of agriculture and the forced industrialization came about.
Stalin now followed a simple pattern, he simply systematically replaced all those who were not his
absolute followers. By 1930 his rule was absolute. Stalin was now free to go ahead and pursue his
plans to industrialize and arm the Soviet Union. The only other obstacle in his path was the army
leadership. Stalin viewed the army as a threat to his power and took steps to remove that threat. He
organized all of his followers to delve into the lives of the military leadership and find out if they
were traitors. Many of Stalin's followers used this as a way of getting back at old rivals and enemies.
All kinds of false evidence was manufactured. Stalin took all of this at face value and a great
number of the army leadership was either killed or exiled. There were also several show trials put on
to demonstrate to the Soviet people that all of the killing was being done for a reason and that there
really were conspirators and spies among them. Several accused openly confessed to active
membership of a plot to murder the Soviet leadership. With the Army purges done, Stalin

The Failure Of Power In George Orwell's Animal Farm
"No one knows for sure how many people were murdered during Stalin's Great Purge, but estimates
put the figure at more than 1 million." Over the course of his reign, Joseph Stalin has executed and
imprisoned perceived threats to his power. During the three public trails of former prominent
Communist Party leaders, and plenty of other private trails held, the defendants have been charged
under pretenses fabricated by the NKVD, the Soviet Secret Police. The defendants have fully
confessed to their crimes in court after facing intense beatings, sleep deprivation, and threats to
arrest and execute their families. However, the West has continued to see Stalin and the Soviet
Union favorably. This has urged George Orwell to write Animal Farm so he can expose the truth
about the Soviet regime. In Animal Farm, the author George Orwell uses the manipulation, and fear
of the leaders and the naivety, and loyalty of the followers to contribute to the theme of loss of
freedom and equality in order to show how power can lead to corruption. Orwell uses the
manipulation of the leaders to contribute to the theme of loss of freedom and equality in order to
show how power can lead to corruption. As stated in the text, "The windmill however, had not after
all been used for generating electrical power. It was used for milling corn, and brought in a
handsome money profit" (Orwell 129). This is a prime example of how the pigs capitalized on how
miserable the animals were. If Napoleon truly was who

Essay on The Effectiveness of Stalin's Use of Personal Power
From the 1920's onwards, Stalin set the stage for gaining absolute power, through a number of
campaigns of repression against groups which opposed the Communist Party and Stalin himself.
The use of terror became a central part to Stalin's rule during the 1930's with the launching of The
Great Purges against opposition to Stalin. It can be seen that Stalin did effectively remove
opposition to the exercise of his personal power until 1941 when Germany invaded Russia. The term
'purge' in Soviet political slang was an abbreviation of the expression 'purge of the party ranks.'
However, Stalin's terror changed its meaning to almost certain arrest, imprisonment or even ... Show
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The main difference was the terror in the 1920's was usually applied to obvious opponents of the
party; whereas the terror in the 1930's was mainly against members of the party and against people
had committed no offences to be considered as opposition. Another major difference was the earlier
terror had occurred under exceptional circumstances in the civil war, when Communist rule was
under threat. The terror in the 1930's took place while Communist rule was firmly in place. It is
necessary to make a clear distinction between 'The Purges' and 'The Terror'. The purges were the
attempts to 'clean–up' the party so that unworthy party members who only joined for their own
advantage were expelled. They were also attempts to ensure the party members were loyal,
dedicated and active. Whereas 'The Terror' is the name given to the use of fear by Stalin to control
the population and to remove his opponents. There were many attempts to clean up the Communist
party in the early 19360's. In 1933 and 1934 a general purge of the party was launched where alien,
unreliable and disreputable elements were expelled from the party. At the end of 1934 nearly one
million members were expelled from the party and Ryutin was jailed. Also in this year a New
Central Purge Commission was set up. In 1935 there was a verification of party documents

The Great Terror Essay
The Great Terror, an outbreak of organised bloodshed that infected the Communist Party and Soviet
society in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), took place in the years 1934 to 1940.
The Terror was created by the hegemonic figure, Joseph Stalin, one of the most powerful and lethal
dictators in history. His paranoia and yearning to be a complete autocrat was enforced by the
People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the communist police. Stalin's ambition saw his
determination to eliminate rivals such as followers of Leon Trotsky, a political enemy. The overall
concept and practices of the Terror impacted on the communist party, government officials and the
peasants. The NKVD, Stalin's instrument for carrying out the ... Show more content on
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Stalin's initial political purge occurred on December 1st 1934, when Sergey Kirov, secretary of the
Leningrad Soviet, was assassinated by Leonid Nikolayev. Some soviets believed that Stalin ordered
the assassination of Kirov; however Stalin used this event as an opportunity to arrest thousands of
his opponents, whom he alleged may have been responsible for the murder. The NKVD were
ordered to initiate the investigations of suspects in order to arrest them, send them to concentration
camps and carry out death sentences and by the end of December 1934, numerous of Kirov's
followers in Leningrad, as well as the assassin Nikolaev, were all shot on the same night, December
29th. As a consequence, this impacted the public as society became terrified of saying the wrong
thing and feared being prosecuted and executed. Stalin's political opponents who avoided purges
were presented at show trials, between 1936 and 1938, a judicial trial held in public with the intent
of influencing public opinion rather than ensuring justice, where the accused pleaded guilty to
charges of treason that he could not have committed. The NKVD had extracted the confessions,
through various methods, from those arrested. These methods included bribery, with promises of
freedom for themselves and their families, and the use of force and torture. Moreover it included the
extraction of the accused's commitment to the Communist Party as the NKVD would tell

What Is Folkloric Like Epic Hero
The role and cultural description of what would be call a folkloric–like epic hero didn't change for
many years...
Batman, Spiderman, Superman, or even the Hulk are just echoes of what would be recognized as
folkloric–like epic heroes. Basically, a hero that is pictured as a "larger than life" character, who
fights the forces of evil, usually pictured as a vicious, cruel, villain or gruesome fiend.
Accordingly, the story of Beowulf is a classic example of such, including a clear folkloric epic hero
which is Beowulf, who fights forces of evil, presented as Grendel, his mother, and a fire breathing
dragon. Moreover, Beowulf express an expansive deal of heroic traits; for example: his bravery and
boldness, yet baffling fairness in his decisions before his first encounter with Grendel that can be
seen in this excerpt from the poem:
Lines 259–268;
"...I have heard, Too, that the monster's scorn of men Is so great that he needs no weapons and fears
none. Nor will I. My lord Higlac Might think less of me if I let my sword Go where my feet were
afraid to, if I hid Behind some board linden shield: my hands Alone shall fight for me, struggle for
life Against the monster. God must decide Who will be given to death's cold grip." ... Show more
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Conversely, Korolev was trying to develop launchers and booster rockets under the huge political
pressures of the leaders of the USSR, and with minimal ground testing and economical support he
was able to break all expectations, as he was aging, he got more determined to serve his nation, but
unfortunately his health deteriorated quickly, and he died peacefully in 3 December

Effects Of Stalinization
Danielle Bowman
Ukr 100
April 23, 2017
De–Stalinization and the Effects on Ukraine
De–Stalinization was the process of political reconstruction that took place in in the Soviet Union
after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. This process strived to eliminate institutions established by
Stalin that instilled mental and social suffering across the Ukrainian people. In 1956, when Nikita
Khrushchev was elected the First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party it began the start of de–
Stalinization which undid Stalins reign of terror and characteristics as a leader. The main elements
of de–Stalinization were known as Thaw, which allowed for the introduction of new policies, the
liberalization of intellectual development, and loosening the ideological ... Show more content on
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This period of de–Stalinization lead Ukraine to re–gain is sense of identity and pride. It also formed
the foundation for the independence Ukraine and separation from the Soviet Union.
Works Cited
Rettie, John. "The Secret Speech That Changed World History." The Guardian. Guardian News and
Media, 25 Feb. 2006. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine: A History. Toronto: Published by the U of Toronto in Association with the
Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1988. 420–21. Print.
Dobson, M. "The Post–Stalin Era: De–Stalinization, Daily Life, and Dissent." Kritika: Explorations
in Russian and Eurasian History 12.4 (2011): 905–924. Project MUSE. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Risch, William Jay. The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard UP, 2011. 179–80.

How Does Stalin Deserve The Great Purges
During the 1930's, Stalin ordered large–scale purges, targeting anyone who displayed even the
slightest sign of being a threat to the government. The government was able to identify these people
through family members or close friends who informed on them. With this, people no longer
expressed their true opinions and instead conformed with the government's ideas in fear of
persecution ("Purges and Praises"). About 20 million people that were suspected of performing
"anti–Soviet activities" were executed, sent to Gulag labor camps, or forced them to take part in a
show trial, where they would be forced plead guilty publicly to inconceivable crimes that they had
never committed (Gracheva). Many officials and military leaders were also executed after being
convicted of treason. It is estimated that one thirds of the Communist Party's three million members
were put to death during the Great Purge. However, the traces of the people that were murdered
were eliminated after the government rewrote history books and doctored photographs to exclude
them. Additionally, members of the NKVD, the Soviet secret police, were killed at the end of the
Great Purges, so that the people that had known too much about this event would be eliminated.
In order for the Soviet government to unify its citizens, it had to overcome the vast cultural
differences that were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As an autocratic ruler, Stalin aimed to consolidate power and eliminate opposition. Stalin and the
state seized total control of the media: dictating what people say, read, and heard. Those who
attempted to do otherwise were imprisoned or sent to labor camps("Joseph Stalin"). Under the rule
of Stalin, there was no religious freedom. Churches were shut down and church leaders were
arrested or executed. The reasoning behind this was that anyone who worshipped God was a
challenge to those who worshipped Stalin through his "personality cult"

Why Was Collectivisation
How significant was collectivisation in Russia up to 1940?
Collectivisation is debatably Stalin's most important policy and the pinnacle of Communism.
Causing drastic changes for the Russian people, it could be argued that collectivisation was very
significant in Russia up to 1940. It was a successful tool used to reaffirm Stalin's power and spread
Socialism; it fueled industrialism, turning Russia into a global superpower once more; but most
tragically, could be named the greatest agricultural and social disaster ever experienced in Russia.
However others may argue that collectivisation was extraneous: industrialisation was the main cause
of Russia's rising power; production did not increase; and it was the Great Purges and shows trials
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the greatest social disaster to have hit Russian peasants, making it highly significant. During
the period of collectivisation, grain production levels were at their lowest, taking 25 years to achieve
pre–collectivisation era levels, however, in order to improve the economy, grain procurement levels
were unrealistically high. This generated a widespread famine and violence in rural Russia. Violence
levels rocketed as riots against collectivisation broke out all over the countryside. Many were
shocked by the mass slaughter and human misery that it had brought about. It is estimated that a
staggering 10–15 million people died of hunger and violence during the years of collectivisation;
this number alone highlights the significance of collectivisation. Furthermore, the famine increased
as the Soviet government procured grain only for the sake of doing so. In Ukraine, millions were left
to starve in what became known as the 'Black Famine' as the government rooted out hidden stocks
of grain, only to have them rot in warehouses. The situation was not helped by the elimination of
kulaks either; the farming expertise had been purged, thus, there was no one to pull the peasants out
of starvation. Hence, collectivisation was highly significant as it resulted in a prodigious number of
deaths, and agriculturally, was a terrible

Stalins Rise To Power Essay
Question: How far did Stalin achieve and maintain what Kruchev described as "the accumulation of
immense and limitless power", in the USSR between 1924 and 1945?
Between 1924 and 1945, Joseph Stalin was able to emerge as the leader of the USSR and maintain
what Kruchev described as "the accumulation of immense and limitless power". Stalin's rise to
power was a combination of his ability to manipulate situations and the failure of others to prevent
him from taking power, especially Leon Trotsky. Stalin ruled the USSR from 1929 until his death in
1953. His rule was one of tyranny, a great change from the society that his predecessor, Lenin, had
envisioned. During his time of reign, Stalin put into effect two self–proclaimed "five–year ...
Also, Stalin was much more involved with the base of the Party and was thought to have worked
hard to get himself to the top. Meanwhile, Trotsky was seen as a man trying to push his way in.
Further damaging Trotsky, Lenin described him as possessing "...excessive self–confidence...
and overly attracted by the purely administrative aspects of affairs..." Even though he
unintentionally projected Trotsky in this way, Lenin felt that if the removal of Stalin were not acted
upon, the conflict between Trotsky and Stalin would intensify, which would jeopardize the whole
Party. Combined with the Testament, Trotsky could have used the Postscript to obtain power, but
instead Stalin squashed it in the Central Committee.
Once eliminating Trotsky, Stalin's idea of, "socialism in our country," inevitably meant that Russia
needed strength. The productions in the USSR had almost reached pre–war levels by the mid–1920s,
but the population of Russia had also increased by 20 million people. No matter, Stalin assured that
maximum efforts and resources would be given to the expansion and strengthening of Russia herself
rather than an effort to start a revolution elsewhere. This is explained in his famous 1931 speech,
gaining power for himself. The people had nowhere else to turn to and needed a leader. Stalin was
there and knew what to do to make the people interested in his ideas, thus acquired their trust and
control. From these ideas, he created his first

Essay on The Great Terror in Russia
Under a backdrop of systematic fear and terror, the Stalinist juggernaut flourished. Stalin's purges,
otherwise known as the "Great Terror", grew from his obsession and desire for sole dictatorship,
marking a period of extreme persecution and oppression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s.
"The purges did not merely remove potential enemies. They also raised up a new ruling elite which
Stalin had reason to think he would find more dependable." (Historian David Christian, 1994).
While Stalin purged virtually all his potential enemies, he not only profited from removing his long–
term opponents, but in doing so, also caused fear in future ones. This created a party that had
virtually no opposition, a new ruling elite that would be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By imprisoning and executing members that opposed his views and were potential threats to his
position, Stalin was able to keep control over the USSR by using fear. Hence, this raised up a new
ruling elite that he found to be more dependable, as no one dared challenge him for fear of their life.
The purges not only impacted those openly opposed to Stalin and party members, but had
devastating effects on ordinary people too, also resulting in the prevention of progress in the Soviet
community, impacting it's future. During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were
sent to labor camps of the Gulag, where nearly half of them died. Fear of losing his power and
dictatorship led Stalin to believe that the educated would be most likely to challenge his authority.
The origins of Stalin's lower class background are rumoured to have left him feeling inferior
towards the educated class, also leading to obsessive determination to remove the threat.
Subsequently, scientists, doctors and engineers, became targets, and were also imprisoned and
killed. As a consequence, the execution of Russia's educated during the Terror, stopped the social
development and growth in the Soviet initiated after the revolution, predominantly in the area of
science and technology. Many people in Russia believed everything Stalin said, with most blinded
by the vision of a father figure of authority who would do them no harm. If anyone

The Greatest Corruption In Soviet Union's The Great Purge
The greatest corruption that was presented by the Soviet Union was the Great Purge. The Great
Purge was a period of time between 1936 and 1938. During this period, Stalin ordered a large scale
purge of all the communist party leaders that he felt were a threat to his uprising. Not only did Stalin
banish some of his party leaders, but he also ordered for the increase in imprisonments, police
surveillance and unnecessary executions. This event is investigated in the novel when the hens
refuse to give their eggs to the pigs. Napoleon tries to resolve this conflict by torturing the hens by
starving them. Several of the hens die, and the rest of the surviving hens concede to Napoleon. Soon
after, during a meeting Napoleon orders his dogs to drag

Stalin Darkness At Noon Analysis
Stalin consciously and purposefully conducted a series of purges of the Bolshevik party in the
1930s. These purges, and the Show Trials that accompanied them, solidified his cult of personality
and control of the country. Old Bolsheviks who opposed him in the past or could do so in the future
were arrested, made an example of, and typically executed. Stalin and his Politburo truly believed
that many people were out to get them, and anyone who was not on Stalin's side was against him.
Often the accused were convicted due to inaccurate or fraudulent evidence. Although Stalin was the
main perpetrator of these Purges, this essay examines the role of the accused in Darkness at Noon by
Arthur Koestler, and "Last Letter to Stalin" by Nikolai Bukharin, ... Show more content on
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Both figures believe that throughout their entire life, their loyalty to the party has been unhindered,
yet question the system after being convicted and interrogated. During a scene in the novel where
Rubashov lectures Richard, a young German communist, Rubashov tells him, "The Party can never
be mistaken...it is the embodiment of the revolutionary idea in history...knows no scruples and no
hesitation...makes no mistakes...he who has not absolute faith in history does not belong in the
Party's ranks" (Koestler, p 43). Rubashov's beliefs mimic Bukharin's unyielding stance on
communist principles and party policies. Bukharin says, "I know all too well that great plans, great
ideas and great interests take precedence over everything, and I know that it would be petty for me
to place the question of my own person on a par with the universal–historical tasks resting, first and
foremost, on your shoulders." In these two men, the realization is that the party is the ultimate goal,
individual people can be wrong but the Communist party can never be mistaken. Not believing in
these ideals is a direct opposition to the party itself. Later in the novel Rubashov realizes that that
Party's policies are actually going against the ideals the revolution stood for when he tells Ivanov,
"in the interest of a just distribution of land we deliberately let die of starvation about five million
farmers...we sent about ten million people to do forced labor...Our engineers work wight he constant
knowledge that an error in calculation may take them to prison or the scaffold...we whip the
groaning masses of the country towards a theoretical future happiness" (Koestler p 163). This is
where we see a split in the ideologies of Bukharin and Rubashov. While Rubashov has lost belief in
the party system, Bukharin still justifies Stalin's actions. He still thinks "there is something great and
bold about the

The Great Purge Character Analysis
Another prominent feature of the novel is the effects of the Great Purge on society. Fear and
brutality reigned while logic and decency disappeared. Beginning with fear, this emotion can be
seen throughout the novel. Starting at the beginning of the novel, fear is shown when the police
come to arrest Rubashov. "'Be quiet,' shouted Vassilij, 'Here is Authority.' The woman became quiet
at once (7)...The house was silent after the one shrill woman's cry, but they had the feeling that all
inhabitants were awake in their beds, holding their breath (8)." When the people in the house
realized the police were there, they became very quiet and listened. As people were taken away
during the purges, people stayed quiet to avoid becoming involved. This fear is also seen when
Richard and Rubashov see a bodyguard of the regime while meeting. Richard is clearly afraid and
stammers heavily (39). Another important instance of fear was when Michael Bogrov is being led
away for execution–he shouted for help, screams, whimpers, and hangs like a doll (144). Another
example of fear is Hare–lip. While in the third hearing with Rubashov and Gletkin, Hare–lip had a
hunted gaze, trembling upper lip, a white face, and a sunken head–he "quivered as though struck by
a whip" and "in his eyes appeared the flickering of naked animal terror" (200–211). He clearly was
terrified and was only offering this testimony due to a desire to stay alive. The book mentioned that
Hare–lip looked utterly destroyed–the

During The Great Purges Essay
In the 1930s merely talking to a priest could be grounds for concluding that a person was an anti–
Soviet element who should be "repressed", that is, arrested or sent to a camp. The wholesale
destruction of religion served two purposes, the first to rewrite the Soviet past, as well as clearing
the way for a cult of worship. In a letter to Stalin, Georgy Malenkov, a member of the Central
Committee Secretariat, informed Stalin that, "The time has come to finish once and for all with all
clerical organizations and ecclesiastical hierarchies." During the Great Purges nearly nineteen
thousand churches were closed, while thousand clergy members were sent to the Gulags. Other
members of Soviet society met similar horrific fates. The Purges helped Stalin to secure power, by
squashing the voice of the opposition, as well as reshape society. The arrest of artists and educators
cleared the way for pro–Soviet actors, who in turn would help to create the cult of personality. The
Gulags, now filled to the brim with political prisoners were able to increase Soviet Industrial output
nearly ten fold. This was all part of Stalin's plan, he recognized the ... Show more content on
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With many artists and scientists imprisoned, the country lacked any substantial cultural growth
during the twentieth century. The Purge of the military weakened the army, and left nearly forty
million Soviets dead in the wake of war. The intense focus on Industrialization and the Gulag system
neglected agriculture stemming numerous famines which left many Soviets to starve. The Purges
solidified Communists economic system, preventing growth which would ultimately lead to the
economic collapse of the Empire. Culturally, people avoided their neighbors out of fear of being
labeled an "anti–soviet". The Purges left the people of the Soviet Union demoralized and scared, and
it would take decades before the country could reach a state of

Joseph Stalin : The Most Ruthless Communist Leader
Erin Bitsuie
Mr. Natanabah
Senior World History
30 January 2015
Stalin
Imagine you live on a farm that you own or so you believe you own. Then one day the leader of
your country decides to take away your land in order to promote the prosperity and advancement of
your country. You don't want to give your land away but you have to because if you don't you will
be killed or tortured. Either way fighting for your land won't do any good because the leader of your
country will always get what he wants. Especially if your leader is Joseph Stalin. Stalin was the
most ruthless communist leader in history because he perpetrated crimes against humans, tortured,
murdered and took away people's rights in order to have a successful nation.
Stalin wanted communism, power, and glory. He would do anything to get what he wanted. For
people to obey and follow his rules he would do anything. Even killing people and their family.
Stalin was a ruthless man with no remorse. He demanded respect and obedience from his people and
anyone who turned against him were killed. No doubt about getting killed or sent to gulags if you
wanted to disobey Stalin. If anyone wanted to rebel against Stalin's orders then he would order his
soldiers to kill them. No one got away with talking bad about Stalin or disobeying. Stalin would find
out and would kill them. Soon the whole Soviet Union wanted to rebel against Stalin but he was too
powerful to stop. On December 18th 1878 in Georgia, Russia one of the most

Myths Surrounding Joseph Stalin
Myths, surrounding Stalin have played a major role in the construction of Stalin's reputation, in both
a positive and negative way. This essay will look at Plate 1.5.8 in the illustration book, and discuss
how the myth of Stalin presented in this image differs from earlier and later mythic presentations of
him.
Joseph Stalin used his intellect, and power, to outmanoeuvre his rivals to become leader of the
Soviet Union. Using carefully planned propaganda including, painting, statues, and a series of
cultivated posters Stalin immortalised and glorified his leadership. These state–manufactured images
created a 'cult of personality' around him, subsequently, creating an image of a heroic worshipped
figure, who was associated with every aspect of soviet society. Stalin controlled the media and
according to the historian Moshe Lewin, Stalin single handily, 'become the system,' (Lewin in
Pittaway, 2008, p.137.)
The image of Stalin depicted in the poster 1.5.8 () , portrays Stalin as 'God like,' we see a figure,
being looked upon by dancing children who are dressed in uniforms, looking up to Stalin as a strong
'father like defender of the nation.' (Pittaway, 2008p.142.) This 'father' title gave the impression that
Stalin is trustworthy and caring. In addition, children presented a myth and used as propaganda to
represent goodness, innocence, and the future. Stalin's ideology was that if the children liked him,
then he must be a good leader. Furthermore, the inscription shows

Essay On The Great Purges
The great Purges saw One third of the communist party killed throughout a period of terror, which
lasted from 1934–39, With Kirov being the final victim himself. On top of this many ordinary
civilians alongside Party members ere also exiled and imprisoned in gulags. Some Historians
believe that the purges were a series of distinct events that related to the purges. Whilst others
believe that the crimes were entwined. However the cause of the terror is the topic that holds more
debate. Some historians whom take a totalitarian view such as McCauley suggest that it was Stalin's
personality along side his progressive paranoia which played the key role and was responsible for
the extent of the Great Purges in the 1930s.Whilst the some historians ... Show more content on
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The silence of not only Stalin but the whole of the Soviet Union highlights how to the communist
party this appeared to be traitorous against the fundamental ideals of socialism. This is emphasised
by McCauley as to a cause of why Stalin's Paranoia continued throughout his leadership, and his
personality therefore was responsible for the extent in regards to the terror. McCauley further
emphasises Stalin's intention of creating a climate of fear as a result of this growing paranoia. This is
evident in McCauley's emphasis on the idea that there was set targets in regards to the number of
people that had to denounced in any given period. This reiterates the idea that Stalin wished to scare
the population and work forces in his party into submission. Highlighted in the figures given to back
this up, between 1921 to around 53 the political police overfilled their targets similar to many other
work forces such as factory workers and owners. The

The Great Terrors : Sofia Petrovna And Stalin's Great Purges
The Great Terror was one of the single greatest loss of lives in the history of the world. It was a
crusade of political tyranny in the Soviet Union that transpired during the late 1930's. The Terrors
implicated a wide spread cleansing of the Communist Party and government officials, control of
peasants and the Red Army headship, extensive police over watch, suspicion of saboteurs, counter–
revolutionaries, and illogical slayings. Opportunely, some good did come from the terrors
nonetheless. Two of those goods being Sofia Petrovna and Requiem. Both works allow history to
peer back into the Stalin Era and bear witness to the travesties that came with it. Through the use of
fictional story telling and thematic devises Sofia Petrovna and Requiem, respectively, paint a grim
yet descriptive picture in a very efficient manner.
Sofia Petrovna follows the life of Sofia Petrovna, a typist who works at the Leningrad publishing
house. After the death of her husband and capture of her son, Sofia goes insane. It's a type of
unhinged that demonstrates itself in mirages minutely dissimilar from the deceits those surrounding
her voice to guard themselves. Sofia Petrovna proposes an extraordinary and fundamental account
of Stalin's Great Purges through simple fictional story arcs. First, there is the vanishing of seemingly
innocent people. Sofia looses several people in her life throughout the duration of the novel with
almost no warning or explanation. This provides an effective look into

How Important Were The Purges In The 1930s To Stalin's...
How important were the purges of the 1930s to Stalin's control of the USSR? The purges that
occurred in Russia started in 1934 when Sergei Kirov, a leading politician, was murdered. Using his
death as an excuse, Stalin started a wave of terror known as the great purges which led to the death
of thousands of people. These purges contributed to Stalin's control over USSR, as it was able to put
the Russians in fear and eliminate Stalin's opponents. However, there were other key and integral
factors that helped Stalin gain control of USSR such as his use of propaganda, social and cultural
policies, as well as the Stalin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the purges, Russians were able to realize how brutal Stalin was. Since the Russians feared
Stalin, they restrained themselves from going against him. The Moscow trials were often recorded
and shown to the public to ensure that everyone is aware of what would happen if they attempted to
oppose Stalin. In many occasions, people would report their neighbors and even their family
members of criticizing Stalin. This was done in order to create a good image of themselves, and
show their loyalty to the communist government in hopes that it would prevent them from being
purged or getting sent into gulags. Due to the frequent reports and accusations, 1.2 million people
were shot and another 60,000 people were sent to gulags where most of them died because of the
harsh working conditions and the lack of basic necessities. Thus, the purges helped Stalin retain his
control over USSR because the purges created fear in Russians to the point that they would go to
great measures such as accusing their families of betrayal to Stalin just so that they wouldn't be
purged or sent to labor

Soviet Union Leader: Joseph Stalin Essay
Joseph Stalin's three decade long dictatorship rule that ended in 1953, left a lasting, yet damaging
imprint on the Soviet Union in political, economic and social terms. "Under his inspiration Russia
has modernised her society and educated her masses...Stalin found Russia working with a wooden
plough and left her equipped with nuclear power" (Jamieson, 1971). Although his policies of
collectivisation and industrialisation placed the nation as a leading superpower on the global stage
and significantly ahead of its economic position during the Romanov rule, this was not without huge
sacrifices. Devastating living and working standards for the proletariat, widespread famine, the
Purges, and labour camps had crippling impacts on Russia's social ... Show more content on
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Slave labour from the gulags was used for large–scale engineering projects, with a total of eight
million prisoners by 1938. Overall, the initial Five Year Plans were an economic and political
success for the Soviet Union, however the shocking social oppression that came with it
overshadowed this advancement. Adding to the deplorable oppression borne by the proletariat
during the Five Year Plans, Stalin introduced a collectivisation campaign which not only sparked a
persecution of kulaks, but also induced a widespread famine. The Stalin government's compulsory
agricultural policy was largely a failure with regard to its goals. Beginning in 1929, all farms were to
be collectivised, with the aim of improving agricultural output and hence, industrialisation. The
USSR's initial system of farming was inefficient, but the introduction of fertilisation and tractors
modernised agricultural techniques, increasing the nation's capacity for production, supporting
Historian Jamieson's statement. However, the policy was catastrophic due to the mass movement of
peasant resistance that saw farmers defiantly burning crops and slaughtering livestock, regarding the
campaign as a violation of their freedom. By 1933, agricultural production fell dramatically; grain
by 17 million tonnes and cows and pigs by a total of 23 million, to below what it was in 1913
(Downey, 1989, p. 19). This

The Great Purge And Was A Social Policy Of Stalin
Stalin is a name everyone probably has heard at some point, most likely in a history class that you
have long forgotten now. However people tend to not know that during his time as Premier of the
Soviet Union he killed more people than Hitler did. This could have been through his policies or his
Five year plans. Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953 when he died. In that 24
year span he killed an estimated 50 million people (Haines) and this doesn 't include the lives lost in
WW2. For some reason, it something that we do not learn in history; it is excluded from our history
books. This is called the Great Purge and was a social policy of Stalin, he was collecting Jewish
people though he was after opponents to his regime. Between 1934 and 1939 stalin set in a motion
to have about ⅓ of the three million communist officials purged (Freedland). These people were
either sent to a work camp or a gulag, put on trial where they were forced to plead guilty, or they
were just executed. This was a policy of his that would secure his place in the communist party, he
even went as far to have pictures of himself edited so that he wasn't in them with certain people.
Stalin also sent his son, Yakov Dzhugashvili, to the eastern front hoping he would die. He did this
because Yakov was an active opponent of his father (Evans). When he was captured the Nazi's tried
ransoming him back, to which stalin said to kill him; which is what happened. Having purged the
party he could

The Great Terror Robert Conquest Summary
With Robert Conquest's first edition of The Great Terror published in 1968, critics acclaimed that his
work was a spotlight on the atrocities wrought by the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. Since then, with
new sources and statistics coming forward, there have been two reassessments published by
Conquest. Regardless of edition, the author attempts to provide the reader a gripping account of
Stalin's mass purges where millions were murdered and millions more were sent to Soviet prisons in
brutal, inhumane conditions. Furthermore, to give the reader a well–rounded view of this period
Conquest writes about more than just the gulags. He shares his research on the "Moscow Trials," the
vicious methods for obtaining false confessions, life in the labor camps, and much more. These
topics all provide for a bleak picture of life in the former Soviet Union during the reign of the
dictator Stalin. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As with any other use of first–hand accounts, the reader is presented with a more potent form of
storytelling that is easily diluted when the author describes the action for the audience in their own
words. For example, Conquest quotes Polish politician Zbigniew Stypulkowski to describe the
appalling conditions in the Soviet prisons where "with cold and hunger and almost no sleep, a man
becomes like an automaton–his eyes are bright, his legs swollen, his hands trembling. In this state he
is often convinced he is guilty" (pg. 125). By using such striking quotes, Conquest accomplishes
two things. First, using eyewitness accounts better retains the reader's attention by placing them
directly in the action with those who lived it. Second, these testimonies give more credibility to the
author's work by showing that the author's interpretations and the real life events support each

Napoleon And Stalin Animal Farm Essay
Animal Farm is a political allegory concerning power about the Russian Revolution. At the
beginning of "Animal Farm", power was used to achieve great things. It brought all animals of
Manor Farm together but after an initial influence of power, it began to destroy the community that
they had worked together to form. This can be seen by the character development of Napoleon who
is thought to potray Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union during the mid 1920's. They were
both leaders that abused their power and used ruthless methods to rule over the community. For
instance, Napoleon and Stalin both abused their given power, one of the similarities between them
was their act of violence. In the novella, "Animal Farm" by George orwell, ... Show more content on
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In the novella, "Animal Farm", by George Orwell, Orwell states, " Napoleon had accepted, through
Whymper, a contract for four hundred eggs a week.... Their method was to fly up the rafters and
there lay their eggs, which smashed to pieces on the floor.... He [Napoleon] ordered the hens' rations
to be stopped and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be
punished by death " (pg.68). This means that Napoleon killed all the chickens because they didn't
want to give them anymore eggs. Napoleon never consulted with the hens to give up their products.
This is to symbolise what Stalin did in the past when he wanted to take the lands away from
profiting farmers because private property is against the government and socialism. Both of them
tried to control the food production and would not mind killing to get the production process
smoother. Furthermore, both dictators ruled over their subjects with an iron hand. Orwell
states,"...but it was cruel work, and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as they had felt
before. They were always cold and usually hungry as well" (pg 66). This means that Napoleon
would make the animals work hard no matter how the harsh conditions were. In relation to this,
Stalin made loyal proletariat workers work hard until they got too tired and incompetent. Overall,
both dictators governed their people

The Great Purge Of The Cold War
Joseph Stalin's determination greatly affected his leadership and led to the beginnings of the Cold
War. His determination allowed him to rise to power and destroy all opposition against his reign.
The Great Purge, one of the greatest terrors in history, was also done due to his determination to stay
in power. This same determination led to, as well as shaped, a large quantity of the events of World
War 2. His leadership was similar to the leadership of Adolf Hitler, yet because of his determination,
was quite different, and quite possibly more effective. In the end his determination for power led to
the events of the Cold War.
This determination greatly affected Stalin's rise to power, and allowed him to completely decimate
all opposition to his leadership. Originally, Stalin was a powerless citizen of the USSR, yet he
managed to quickly rise to the top of the political field. He began his role in politics by joining the
Bolsheviks in 1903. Due to his thirst for power he steadily rose through the ranks of the party and
was soon the General Secretary. The Bolshevik insurrection to Russian leadership was successful
and placed Stalin in a position of great power. He then used his power to isolate members of the
party in an attempt to take away their power and popularity. Determined to gain absolute dominance
over the other members, he caused the dismissal, and possibly the deaths, of several of his political
opponents. This left him in total rule over the Communist party,

Darkness at Noon Essay
The Russian Revolution and the purges of Leninist and Stalinist Russia have spawned a literary
output that is as diverse as it is voluminous. Darkness at Noon, a novel detailing the infamous
Moscow Show Trials, conducted during the reign of Joseph Stalin is Arthur Koestler's commentary
upon the event that was yet another attempt by Stalin to silence his critics. In the novel, Koestler
expounds upon Marxism, and the reason why a movement that had as its aim the "regeneration of
mankind, should issue in its enslavement" and how, in spite of its drawbacks, it still held an appeal
for intellectuals. It is for this reason that Koestler may have attempted "not to solve but to expose"
the shortcomings of this political system and by doing so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Rubashov's character vacillates between embracing the individualistic traits of his nature to the pull
exerted on him by the indoctrination of the ideology of the greater good, even at the expense of
individual liberty and freedom. Rubashov, during his time in prison though shows a propensity to
acknowledge the failure of the glorious tenets of the Revolution, for he has seen the horror of the
totalitarian system in the purges carried out by the party leaders under the pretext of filtering traitors.
In an acknowledgement of the folly of his and the Party's ways, Rubashov states "...we are doing the
work of prophets without their gift. We replaced vision by logical discussion..." and it is this
acceptance of their shortcomings that shows the transformation of Rubashov. Rubashov, though a
committed Marxist, during his time in the prison seems vexed by the notion that the end justifies the
means because he has himself seen that the final result is often not what is seen in the present
moment but the truth that becomes apparent only in the light of retrospective thought. Rubashov
realizes that it is only history that can pass judgment and thus, the shooting of B. and thirty others by
No. 1 will be decided later "He who is in the wrong must pay; he who is in the right will be
absolved. That is the law of historical credit;

Causes Of The Great Purge In Russia
The collectivization efforts of 1928 came to a head with the central government essentially forcing
peasants to collectivize and attacking the kulaks. Initial efforts backfired with many peasants
choosing to slaughter their animals rather than give them to the collective farm. As for the kulaks,
some fled to the cities to find work while others decided to try and fight back. In retaliation, the
OGPU (secret police) acted quickly and arrested the troublemakers. Massive numbers were deported
across the country and into the Urals, Siberia, or the North. The intense crackdown was eventually a
success. By 1932, the per cent of collectivized peasant farms had reached 62% according to official
Soviet figures (Fitzpatrick, 138). The path to collectivized farming in this time period is heavily
significant for a number of reasons, namely the social upheaval and the new state controlled ... Show
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It had roots in the repression of the kulaks and the Shakhty Trials, but branched out to attack
political opponents to Stalin within the Bolshevik cadre. A series of trials occurred in Moscow, the
accused were charged with conspiring to assassinate Stalin and other Bolshevik leaders. What
makes these trials so significant is that they showed the lengths that Stalin and his compatriots
would go to ensure their personal safety. All of the accused were found guilty of conspiring with the
fascists and Leon Trotsky (at this point in exile) to bring down the socialist state, and bring a return
of capitalism. As many Western historians have noted, these trials were far from fair. They are
generally referred to as "show trials" as they were highly politicized and resulted in the deaths of all
of the accused without any fair judicial proceedings (Fitzpatrick,

Government Policies Set Up By The Ussr
Government policies set up by the USSR, especially the New Economic Policy and Five Year Plans
had a major effect on the industrial growth and development in the USSR – both due to their
focused end goal and the unification of the party being able to enforce these policies. However, the
Five year plans can be seen as a more successful policy in promoting industrial development, as
statistics show a that it resulted in a greater growth of development and industrial development of
the USSR than any other government policy. The Five Year Plan can be seen as the leading
government policy in promoting industrial development. Set up in 1928 – 32 its goal was to propel
the USSR into becoming a modernised country in achieving the best industrial ... Show more
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To achieve this, targets were set for every industry, each region, each mine and factor and every
worker – fined if targets were not met. With a clear goal and targets to reach the FYP meant many
poor peasants in rural areas of the USSR began to migrate to urban areas. Cities sprung up from
nothing, allowing more workers to move to these developing areas in search for money a success in
promoting industrial development, as without workers willing to relocate and work, industrial
development would not have been possible. The Five year plan was a huge success in promoting
industrial development, coal production quadrupled from 1927 (35 million tons) to 150 million by
1940, followed by steel increasing six times and then followed by electricity. These key aspects
provided the basis for the USSR military economy, allowing the Soviets to turn the tables and drive
out the Germans by being able to supply the factories with an every growing demand of electricity,
parts for tanks, weapons, goods and machinery could all be manufactured to succeed in industrial
development of the USSR, the USSR was turned into a modern state, which resultantly could resist
Hitler's invasion. However, the FYP does have its failures. The over–ambitious targets set out by the
FYP, in terms of producing goods over the USSR production possibility meant many targets were
over–exaggerated and false to avoid penalty. Moreover, this led to inefficiencies as

1984 And The Thought Police In 1984 By George Orwell
In 1949, George Orwell published his chilling take on the future in the novel, 1984. In this future,
London, along with the rest of the former British Empire and America, has become the totalitarian
super state known as Oceania, which is governed by a single Party that has absolute authority. One
of the ways the Party keeps control of its people is by use of the Thought Police, a widespread secret
police organization that monitors the people and deals with anyone who has rebellious actions,
idea,or even thoughts. Although 1984 is nothing but a work of fiction, and furthermore the Thought
Police, while reading 1984, one cannot help but draw comparisons to the real life secret police found
in the Stalinist era Soviet Union. The Stalinist era was the time from 1929–1953 when Joseph Stalin
ruled over the Soviet Union, and like in 1984, Stalin used a secret police organization to control his
people, the Narodny Kommisariat Vnutrennikh Del, which translates to the People's Commissariat
for Internal Affairs. Interestingly enough, George Orwell's novel 1984, was written during this exact
time era. Thus, it can be inferred that while creating the Thought Police for 1984, George Orwell
was influenced by the NKVD of the Stalinist era. During Stalin's reign, the Secret Police played a
critical role in enforcing Stalin's will. After Stalin came to power, one of the first things he did was
to greatly expand the size of the Secret Police. In a biography of Stalin's life, the author

The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was...
The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was able to hold onto power in the Soviet
Union:
The purges and show trials
The secret police
Propaganda and the cult of personality
Stalin's economic policies.
Explain how far you agree with this statement.
Stalin used to methods to hold onto power in the Soviet Union these were fear / coercion and
persuasion / consent. If people were not persuaded by Stalin's personality and economic policies
they would be scared into supporting him.
From the outset Stalin was particularly aware of his image and the importance and power of
propaganda. He came to power partly as a result of his creation of a cult of 'Leninism' and by ...
An example was the first of the great show trials where sixteen 'old Bolsheviks' and hero's of the
civil war including Kamenev and Zinoveiv were but on trial accused of being directly responsible
for the assassination of Kirov, a popular leading Communist, in 1934. Although Historians believe it
is more likely that Stalin was responsible for the murder and extremely unlikely that Zinoveiv or
Kamenev had anything to do with it. They all confessed to their crimes.
Stalin propagated an image of himself as the father / protector of the nation with posters and statues
of himself in many Russian town and cities. He also ruthlessly controlled the media to ensure that
the Russian people were only given such information as he saw fit. An example of this is the fact
that Trotsky's vehement criticisms of Stalin from the various countries he lived in abroad were kept
from the Russia people and indeed Trotsky who had been true hero of the revolution was blamed by
Stalin for much of Russia's problems at the time. Trotsky is also a good example of Stalin's use of
terror when propaganda alone would not succeed since ultimately unable to silence Trotsky in
another way Stalin had him assassinated.

In the same way Stalin could not bear any challenges to his authority and

The Stalinist Era Of The Soviet Union During The 1930 ' S
The Stalinist era was a period in Russian history when "normal life became a luxury". Stalin seized
control of the Soviet Union during a time of great opposition and chaos. The manifestation of
Communism forced the people to suffer through continuous upheavals.The state became the
monopolistic producer and distributor of goods and as a result had full authority over the
manufacturing and marketing of necessities such as basic foods, apartments, and even documents.
Everyday Stalinism is an account of the "little men" living in the Soviet Union during the 1930's.
Written by Sheila Fitzpatrick, it describes the daily lives and struggles of the citizens throughout the
revolution. All of society was reconstructed as an attempt to established a ... Show more content on
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The rewards would come later" (8)
"Stalin's revolution" is a term signifying the drastic increase in power experienced by the
bureaucracy during the 1930's. The First Five Year Plan incorporated policies which furthered mass
production. The goal was to increase industrialization in order to reconstruct the Soviet Union into a
utopian and powerful nation. The politburo, titled "nashi vozhdi", was determined to create a nation
which worked as a single, mass–producing machine. Everyone was under constant watch and
expected to work in a "campaign style,"–"...In short, hectic bursts of concentrated attention to
particular tasks, not through routine, incremental activity. This made life at the factory resemble life
at the front..." (32). Efficient and vigourous production was key to reconstructing the Soviet Union
into an industrialized and socialist state. Shortages were one of the major issues encountered during
the perestroika. The inexperienced bureaucracy was comprised of unqualified officials who
developed an unrealistic and unorganized economy. Marxist thought encouraged heavy industry.
The major drawback was that it did not emphasize the production of consumer goods, nor their
distribution. Furthermore, "petty tutelage" or the desire to control even the smallest aspects of
everyday life was exercised during the 1930's. In due course personal enterprise was forbidden.
Basic necessities were difficult to get which led to

Impact of the Secret Speech- Khrushchev
Gobbet 2– Khrusschev's Secret Speech
The Source is an extract of a speech given by Nikita Khrushchev at the Twentieth Party Congress of
the Soviet Union on February 25th 1956. Khrushchev served as First Secretary of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or
Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de–Stalinization of the
Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the world's early space program, and for several relatively
liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Stalin's political heirs fought for power after his death in
1953, a struggle in which Khrushchev, after several years, emerged triumphant. In 1956, at the
Twentieth Party Congress, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government would now rule now not by terror and compulsion, but by calling on the initiative
of the people and their co–operation. Khrushchev launched the de–Stalinization campaign for
internal reasons, and in the teeth of strong opposition from Stalinists such as Molotov, Malenkov
and Voroshilov. The speech achieved its purpose, at least within the Communist party of the Soviet
Union. It drew a firm line under the Stalinist era, acknowledging its monstrosities and disasters
while preserving the fiction that the present Communist leadership bore no responsibility.
Khrushchev became secure in power and won a relatively free hand to reform the Soviet economy
and liberalize the apparatus of terror. In addition to this old Stalinists such as Molotov were removed
from their positions. A period of liberalization followed which was known as Khrushchev's Thaw.
This was a chain of unprecedented steps to free people from fear and dictatorship. Two climactic
acts of de–Stalinization marked the process firstly, on October 31, 1961, Stalin's body was removed
from its mausoleum in Red Square and reburied, and secondly, on November 11, 1961, the "hero
city" Stalingrad was renamed to Volgograd. However the power struggle between liberals and
conservative pro–Stalinists never stopped, and it eventually weakened the Soviet Communist Party.
However the real significance of

Evidence has shown that Stalin was not a savior to Russia...
Evidence has shown that Stalin was not a savior to Russia by creating economic policies to help
with the agriculture and also modernized Russia. Stalin's plan was to make Russia an industrial
giant, so Stalin created the five–year plan to work on the farms and factories of Russia. Stalin's five–
year plans were a series of nation wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union (Wikipedia).
What that meant was that peasants who didn't have jobs were required to work on a specific goal
that Stalin had to increase what was considered as an economy booster. The first Five Year Plan
introduced in 1928, concentrated on the development of iron and steel, machine–tools, electric
power and transport. Joseph Stalin set the workers high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Oftentimes, factories inflated their production figures, and the products created were too low in
quality to be used (Trueman). What this meant is that some of the goals were not made and the
products made were useless to sell or trade with. The Third Five Year Plan lasted for only three
years, as it was interrupted by Germany's declaration of war on the Soviet Union during World War
II. As war seemed imminent, this plan focused on the production of weapons and other wartime
materials (Trueman). The Soviet Union mainly contributed resources to the development of
weapons, and constructed additional military factories as needed. Stalin continued to use additional
Five Year Plans in the years following WWII, in an attempt keep his promise in 1945 to make the
Soviet Union the leading industrial power by 1960. By 1952, industrial production was nearly
double the 1941 level. Stalin's Five Year Plans helped transform the Soviet Union from an untrained
society of peasants to an advanced industrial economy. So through out this plan of hopefully saving
Russia that Stalin has created products that could not be used and unintelligent citizens who were
only trained to only do only one skill. Stalin also murdered citizens who spoke against his idea and
called the Great Purge.
The Great Purge was a series of campaigns of persecution and political repression orchestrated by
Stalin Joseph from 1936 to 1938 in the Soviet Union. It included a large–scale purge of the

The Great Purge Characteristics
Essay Although there were many traits that were involved in the World War Two Era however there
were three traits that stood out from the others such as Collective farms which affects the farmers on
how they farm also the great purge executions on threats who didn't like the government lastly
collectivization moved hared workers such as farmers or servants in to camps called kolkhozes. The
great purge was responsible for the atrocity because of the belief of clearing out all the Orthodox
beliefs out of the state of russia to make the people live life for the moment. The Great purge was a
campaign of terror directed that exiles anyone who was a threat or a rebel towards the power. The
plan was to only execute the strong and

The Impact Of Stalin On Russia And The Russian People Essay

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The Impact Of Stalin On Russia And The Russian People Essay