repentance of Allah

1. BasicIslamicPrinciples
ISF105-6
1
The Concept of Tawbah “Repentance”
Prepared by Muhyadin Abokor
October 2019
Supervised by
Dr. Abdelkader Chachi
Department of Islamic Economics and Finance,
Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey
Your Pıcture

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I. Brief Introduction about Tawbah (Repentance)
II. Allah’s forgiveness in the Holy Qur’an
III. What did the Prophet (saw) said about Repentance
IV. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
V. Names of Allah that are related to His Mercy and
Forgiveness
VI. References
Repentance

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✓ Tawbah (Arabic: ‫(توبة‬ is the Islamic concept of repenting to
God due to performing any sins and misdeeds.
✓ It is a direct matter between a person and God, so there is
no intercession.
✓ The literal meaning of Tawbah (repentance) is "to turn".
✓ If you repent from doing something, it usually means you
feel bad about something you did and wish you had not
done it.
✓ Perhaps you wish we could turn the clock back and make
things like you did not say what you said or did not do what
you did.
Brief Introduction about Tawbah (Repentance)
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Repentance_in_Islam
https://globalforgivenessinitiative.com/articles/repentance-will-you-forgive-me

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✓ Tawbah is an Arabic words derived from the origin "Taaba"
i.e. returned back.
✓ Tawbah thus means turning back in repentance.
✓ It means showing regret for the error and the sin one has
got himself involved in.
✓ Repentance (Tawbah) means that one feels regret and filled
with remorse for his or her sins, turns to Allah with the
intention to obey Him.
✓ It signifies a sincere effort to no longer oppose the Divine
Essence in one's feelings, thoughts, intentions, and acts, and
to comply sincerely with His commands and prohibitions.
Brief Introduction about Tawbah (Repentance)
http://islam.ru/en/content/story/understanding-concept-tawbah-islam-repentance

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1. Feeling sincere remorse and regret.
2. Being frightened whenever one remembers past sins.
3. Trying to eradicate injustice and support justice and right.
4. Reviewing one's responsibilities and performing obligations previously
neglected.
5. Reforming oneself by removing spiritual defects caused by deviation and error
6. Regretting and lamenting the times when one did not mention or remember
Allah or thank Him and reflect on His works. Such people are always
apprehensive and alert so that their thoughts and feelings are not tainted by
things that intervene between themselves and Allah. (This last quality is
particular to people distinguished by their nearness to Allah.)
The Stages of Repentance
http://islam.ru/en/content/story/understanding-concept-tawbah-islam-repentance

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Allah (swt) says:
O you who believe! Turn (in repentance) to Allah
with sincere repentance; Perhaps your Lord will
remove your evil from you… (Holy Qur'an, 66: 8)
The Prophet of Allah (s) said: There are four signs of
one who is repentant:
1) He is sincere to God in his actions
2) He shuns falsehood
3) He is firmly attached to truth and
4) He is eager to do good. [Al-Harani, Tuhaf al-
`Uqool, p. 20]
The Stages of Repentance
https://www.al-islam.org/articles/merits-soul-repentance-tawbah

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✓ Repentance plays a central role in Islam and is comprehensive in nature.
✓ It is deeply rooted within the belief system
✓ It manifests in multiple dimensions—as the core of Islamic theology (aqeedah),
as a subject of jurisprudence or rulings (fiqh), and ultimately in practice as an
act of worship (‘ibadah).
✓ Equally important are the spiritual and self-purification (tazkiyah) aspects of
repentance which reside in the heart.
Brief Introduction about Tawbah (Repentance)
https://yaqeeninstitute.org/roohi-tahir/repentance-as-a-way-of-life-islam-spirituality-practice/

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Repentance in the Holy Quran

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✓ These verses stress the importance of repentance and of
seeking Allah's forgiveness, even at times when we are
actively engaged in worship, or when we have just
completed our prayers.
✓ This shows us that our being allowed to repent for our
sins and shortcomings is one of Allah's greatest
blessings.
✓ It is also an admission of our shortcomings in the acts of
worship that we offer.
Allah tells us: ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ا‬ ۤ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ض‬ۡ‫ق‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫َّل‬َ‫ك‬
"By no means has the human being fulfilled what Allah
has commanded him.“ [Surah 'Abasa: 23]
Repentance in the Holy Quran

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َ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ق‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ق‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫م‬َ‫د‬‫آ‬ ْ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬‫ا‬ َ‫أ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬َِِْ ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ب‬ََُ‫ت‬ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َِِِِ‫د‬َ‫ح‬ََ ِِْْ َ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ُُُ‫ت‬ْ‫ال‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫رَخ‬
َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ۖ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ق‬َ َ‫َل‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ي‬َُِّ‫ت‬ُِْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َِِْ ُ َّ‫َّللا‬ ُ‫ل‬َّ‫ب‬ََُ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ََِّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َْ
(‫الِائدة‬ ‫سورة‬:27)
Narrate to them in all truth the story of the two sons of Adam. When they made
an offering and it was accepted from one of them and was not accepted from
the other, the latter said: I will surely kill you.' Thereupon the former said: 'Allah
accepts offerings only from the God-fearing (5:27)
[Surah al-Ma'idah: 27]
Repentance in the Holy Quran

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✓ It is important to conclude our acts of worship by glorifying Allah's name and beseeching His
forgiveness.
✓ Allah commanded Prophet Muhammad to conclude his life in this way, in spite of the fact
that the Prophet spent his life in worship and striving for the faith.
✓ Nevertheless, Allah commanded him, at the end of his life to: "... glorify the praises of your
Lord and ask His forgiveness.“ When we consider that this was the case for Prophet
Muhammad who was the best of all humanity, we should realize how much more we need to
beseech Allah's forgiveness when completing our acts of worship.
✓ In the Qur'an, Allah praises those God-fearing people who seek His forgiveness in the early
morning hours, though they spent their nights in prayer and the recitation of the Qur'an:
َ‫ن‬ ۡ‫و‬ُ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬ ۡ‫ه‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ل‬ۡ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫َّل‬ۡ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ۡ‫و‬ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬﴿51:17َ‫ن‬ ۡ‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ۡ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ۡ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ ۡ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ِ‫ار‬َ‫ح‬ۡ‫س‬َ ۡ‫اۡل‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫و‬ ﴾﴿51:18﴾
Repentance in the Holy Quran

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✓Prophet Muhammed (saw) said:
‫التوابو‬ ْ‫الرَخطائي‬ ‫ورَخير‬ ‫رَخطاء‬ ‫آدم‬ ْ‫اب‬ ‫كل‬ْ
(‫الترِذي‬ ‫رواه‬ ‫حديث‬.)
“Every son of Adam sins and the
best of those who sin are those
who repent.”
[Al-Tirmidhi, No. 2499]
What did the Prophet (saw) said about it?

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✓ Prophet Muhammad said:
"ُ‫وب‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ َْ‫ي‬ ِ‫ح‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ح‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ ُّ‫د‬َ‫ش‬ََ ُ َّ َ‫ّلَل‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫اح‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َْ‫َا‬‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ح‬ََ ِِْْ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ٍ‫ة‬ َ‫َل‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬
ِ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫َر‬‫ش‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ُِ‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِِ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِِ َ‫س‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ظ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
َ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫و‬ُِ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬ُِ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫اح‬َ‫ر‬ ِِْْ َ‫س‬ِ‫ي‬ََُ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِِ‫ا‬َ‫ط‬ ِ‫رَخ‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ذ‬َ‫رَخ‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ً‫ة‬َِِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫د‬ِ‫ش‬ ِِْْ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ َّ‫م‬ِ‫ة‬
ِِ َ‫أ‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫رَخ‬ََ َ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َََ‫و‬ ‫ِي‬‫د‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ََ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ة‬َّ‫د‬ِ‫ش‬ ْْ"
“Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His believing
servant than a person who loses his riding beast carrying food
and drink. He sleeps (being disappointed of its recovery) and
then gets up and goes in search for that, until he is stricken
with thirst. then comes back to the place where he had been
before and goes to sleep completely exhausted placing his head
upon his hands waiting for death. And when he gets up, lot
there is before him his riding beast and his provisions of food
and drink. Allah is more pleased with the repentance of His
servant than the recovery of this riding beast along with the
provisions (of food and drink).]
What did the Prophet (saw) said about it?

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Prophet Muhammad said: “Oh Allah, bring our
hearts together, reconcile between us, guide us
to ways of peace, and deliver us from darkness
into light. Keep us away from immorality,
outwardly and inwardly, and bless us in our
hearing, our seeing, our hearts, our spouses, and
our children. Accept our repentance, for you
alone are the Relenting, the Merciful. Make us
grateful for your blessings, praising and accepting
them, and give them to us in full.”
[Sunan Abu Dawud, no. 968]
What did the Prophet (saw) said about it?

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Prophet Muhammed said:
“Whoever repents before the sun rises
from the west, then Allah will forgive
him.” [Sahih Muslim, no. 2703]
Prophet Muhammed also said:
“He who repents for his sin is like one
who has no sin.” [Kenzul Ummal, no.
10174]
What did the Prophet (saw) said about it?

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Question 1: I fall into a sin and then repent, but my base self overcomes me and I fall into it
again. Does this nullify my earlier repentance leaving the previous sins intact, unforgiven?
Answer: In the opinion of the majority of scholars it is not conditional for a repentance to be
accepted that the penitent does not fall into the same sin again. It is conditional that the sin
be given up immediately and that there should be true feelings of regret in the heart. This
should be accompanied by the firm intention not to fall into it again. Now, with these
conditions met, if he falls into it again, then this will be considered a new sin altogether
requiring a new repentance and with no connection with those of the past.
Question 2: How does a thief repent?
Answer: If the thing he has stolen is still in his possession it should be returned to the owner.
If it has been used or disposed off, then an amount equivalent of its value should be returned
to the owner - unless the owner will forgive.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Question 3: How does a murderer repent for his sin?
Answer: A murderer has three rights on him. That of Allah, that of the murdered person, and
those of his or her immediate kin. As for Allah's right it cannot be requited but with true
repentance.
The right of the immediate kin can be required by the murderer by handing himself over to
them in order that they: a) either turn him over to the authorities for execution, b) accept
monetary compensation from him, or c) forgive him.
The right of the person himself who was murdered cannot be compensated for in this world.
Some scholars are of the opinion - and this seems to be the preferable opinion - that if the
murderer is true in his repentance, Allah will clear him of his sin and compensate on his
behalf by satisfying the person murdered on the Day of Judgment.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Question 4: Is repentance over a particular sin acceptable while I am a victim of another?
Answer: Yes, repentance over a particular sin is acceptable even if the repentant insists on
another sin which is of a different nature and not the same as the one he has repented. To
take an example, if a man repents having accepted "interest money", but not drinking wine,
his repentance over the interest money is acceptable, and vice versa, but if he repents simple
interest but not compound interest then his repentance is invalid. So also if he repents drugs
but insists on drinking wine, or vice versa, then that repentance is invalid too. It will also be
incorrect and unacceptable if a man repents adultery with a woman but commits it with
another. In all these cases they have only shifted from one variety of sin to another within the
same kind.
Question 5: I used to have interest money with me. But I have spent it all. Now I want to
repent. What's due on me? Answer: Nothing is due on you except repentance and seeking of
forgiveness from your Lord, even though it was a serious crime seeing that Allah (swt) did not
declare war in the Qur'an against any kind of sinner except the one who takes interest
money.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Question 6: I find it extremely difficult to go back to those whom I had stolen from, nor can I
ever confess to them in order to win their forgiveness. What shall I do?
Answer: It is not necessary for you to face the embarrassment of informing them yourself, or
offering compensation in person. You can send their dues to them say by post or through
another man without revealing your identity. You can also place the thing in their sight
without their knowledge, or say to them if you have to go in person that "someone" - who
doesn't like to reveal his name - says this is your property. In short, the important thing is to
return to the people their property.
Question 7: I used to steal some money on and off from my father's pocket. Now I do not
know how much I stole. Nor can I admit to him now. What shall I do?
Answer: Try and estimate to the best of your memory, the total amount you have stolen, and
return it. And there is no harm if you return it as secretly as you stole.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Question 8: I used to do unlawful things and used to get paid for them. Now I have repented.
Do I have to return the amounts thus earned?
Answer: Yes, one who commits unlawful deeds and accepts pay offs for them, should get rid
of the amounts made when he repents. But such amounts should not be returned to those
who paid them. For instance, when a call-girl repents, she should not return her wages of sin
to her customers. When a singer repents he should not return the wages he earned to the
band he belonged to or the people who paid. When a man who used to sell wine or drugs
repents he should not return the amounts to those who used to buy from him. Nor should he
who used to swear for others as a false witness return the amounts he earned to those for
whose benefit he used to swear. The reason being that if he returns the amounts to him who
paid, then he will be depositing with him both the unlawful money as well as the unlawful
commodity that he took through bribe or wages of sin. Therefore it will be enough if he gets
rid of such unlawful earning himself. This is the preference of Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taimiyyah as
well as his disciple Ibn Qayyim as stated in his Madarij.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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1. Al-Ghafoor (The Most Forgiving): This name occurs in the Qur’an more than 70 times. There
are other names from the same root, such as Ghafir and Ghaffar. The meaning of the Arabic
word “ghafara” is to cover, to hide and from it comes the meaning “to excuse,” “to pardon,”
“to remit” and “to forgive.” God does all these things. In the Qur’an, it is mentioned that God
does not forgive the Shirk (without repentance) but He may forgive every other sin for
whomsoever He wills. (4:116) We must turn to God to seek His forgiveness.
2. Al-`Afuw (The Pardoner): This has another part of forgiveness. This name occurs in the
Qur’an five times. Literally, the word ‘Afw means “to release,” “to heal,” “to restore,” “to
remit.” Thus in relation to God it means “to release us from the burden of punishment due to
our sins and mistakes; to restore our honor after we have dishonored ourselves by
committing sins and making mistakes.” Sometimes in the Qur’an both names, Afuw and
Ghafoor, come together.
Names of Allah that are related to His Mercy and Forgiveness

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3. Al-Tawwab (The Acceptor of Repentance): This name of God is mentioned in the Qur’an
about 11 times. Allah accepts repentance of those who sincerely repent and turn to him. The
word “tawwab” gives the sense of “oft-returning,” which means that He again and again
accepts the repentance. We make sins and mistakes then we repent, He accepts our
repentance. Then again we commit sins and make mistakes and when we repent, He again
very kindly accepts us and gives us another chance.
4. Al-Haleem (The Clement): This name is mentioned fifteen times in the Qur’an. This means
that God is not quick to judgment. He gives time. He forebears and is patient to see His
servant return to Him.
5. Al-Rahman and Al-Rahim (The Most Merciful and Compassionate): These names are the
most frequent in the Qur’an. Al-Rahman is mentioned 57 times and al-Raheem is mentioned
115 times. Al-Rahman indicates that God’s mercy is abundant and plenty and Al-Raheem
indicates that this is always the case with God. God is full of love and mercy and is ever
Merciful.
Names of Allah that are related to His Mercy and Forgiveness

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themuslimvibe.com
quran.com
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
MUZAMMIL SIDDIQI SOURCE: ISLAMICITY
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Repentance_in_Islam
https://globalforgivenessinitiative.com/articles/repentance-will-you-forgive-me
http://islam.ru/en/content/story/understanding-concept-tawbah-islam-repentance
www.iqrasense.com
www.islamawareness.
References

24. 24
‫جزيال‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫شك‬
Çok teşekkürederim
Thank You very much
Merci Beaucoup
Muchas Gracias
Dr. Abdelkader Chachi
Assistant Professor,
Department of Islamic Economics and Finance,
Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University,
Halkalı Cad. No. 2, Halkali, Küçükçekmece,
34303, İstanbul, Turkey
Tel. +90 212 692 8941 Fax. +90 693 8229
Mob. No./Whatsup +90 531 409 7015
https://abdelkaderchachi.academia.edu/
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdelkader_Chachi
https://www.islamicbanker.com/ib/abdelkader-chachi/1066
https://www.facebook.com/AK.Chachi/
http://dr-chachi.blogspot.com.tr/
Repentance
ForCitation, pleaseusethefollowing:
Chachi, A. and Muhyadin A (2019)“TheConcept of Tawbah” , in Basic IslamicPrinciples
Lectures, ISF105,Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim, University,Turkey.
TheConceptofTawbah
PreparedbyMahyaddinAbokor
Your Pıcture