1st section kinesiology

1. Kinesiology
plane and axis
By:
Mostafa Elwan

2. introduction
• Human movement primarily involves two
principles:
A. Biomechanics: is the study of motion
(kinematics) and causes of motion
(kinetics) by using a branch of
physics known as mechanics.
B. Kinesiology: (human kinetic):is the
scientific study of human movements.
Kinesi (is a prefix mean movement)
logy ( is a suffix mean study or
knowledge)

3. Kinesiology based on
A. Biomechanics
B. Musculoskeletal anatomy
C. Neuromuscular physiology
• Kinesiology includes the study of
posture and body alignment,
ergonomics, sport, exercise
movements…..

4. Purposes of studying kinesiology
1. Better understanding of human
movements
2. Learning how to analyze movements
3. Understand the roles that different
component of body structure play in
human performance
4. Improve performance in ADL and sport
5. Efficiently use of body mechanics by PT
and patients
6. Evaluate effect of exercise on human
body form

5. Fundamentals to the study of
movements:
• A. Reference positions:
• anatomical standing position:
standing with feet closed and
palm facing forward
• Fundamental positions
• b. Directions:

6. Fundamental
positions
• Standing position with
palm facing the body
• sitting
• lying
• Kneeling
• hanging

7. Directions:
• Anterior (front)
• Posterior (back)
• Inferior (blow or infra)
• Superior (above or supra)
• Distal (away the center or
midline of the body)
• Proximal (nearest)
• Lateral (toward the side)
• Medial (toward the center)

9. Body segments &
movements
• Body segments:

10. Body segments &
movements
• Body joints:

11. Movements can be described by:
• Name of movements segments
• Name of joints: which
generally can move as:
a. General
b. Specific

12. There are six main
movements of body
segments:
1. flexion:
2. Extension
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Rotation
6. Circumduction
a. General Body
movements

13. There are six main
movements of body
segments:
1. flexion:
2. Extension
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Rotation
6. Circumduction
a. General Body
movements

14. There are six main
movements of body
segments:
1. flexion:
2. Extension
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Rotation
6. Circumduction
a. General Body
movements

15. a. General Body
movements
There are six main
movements of body
segments:
1. flexion:
2. Extension
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Rotation
6. Circumduction

17. b. Specific body
movements
1. ankle
2. Radioulnar joints
3. Shoulder girdle
4. Spine and pelvic girdle

18. 1. ankle
2. Radioulnar joints
3. Shoulder girdle
4. Spine and pelvic girdle
b. Specific body
movements

19. 1. ankle
2. Radioulnar joints
3. Shoulder girdle
4. Spine and pelvic girdle
b. Specific body
movements

20. 1. ankle
2. Radioulnar joints
3. Shoulder girdle
4. Spine and pelvic girdle
b. Specific body
movements

21. Planes and axes of references basics
• Plane: Is an imaginary surface on which
movements take place
• Planes:
a. Cardinal planes: cross at the COG of body
b. Parallel planes: any movements occurs in parallel
plane to cardinal planes (UL & LL movements)
c. Oblique or diagonal planes: when movements
occur not pure sagittal, frontal or transverse
• Axis: is an imaginary straight line around which
movements occurs
a. Cardinal axis
b. Oblique or diagonal axis

22. Planes and axes of references basics
• Plane: Is an imaginary surface on which
movements take place
• Planes:
a. Cardinal planes: cross at the COG of body
b. Parallel planes: any movements occurs in parallel
plane to cardinal planes (UL & LL movements)
c. Oblique or diagonal planes: when movements
occur not pure sagittal, frontal or transverse
• Axis: is an imaginary straight line around which
movements occurs
a. Cardinal axis
b. Oblique or diagonal axis

23. Cardinal Planes of references basics
• Plane: Is an imaginary surface on which
movements take place, there are three
planes, each perpendicular to each of
the other two :
1. Sagittal (lateral) plane: divide the
body into right and left part
2. Frontal (coronal) plane: divide the
body into anterior and posterior part
3. Transverse (horizontal or axial)
plane divide the body into upper and
lower part

25. Axes of references basics
• Axis: is an imaginary straight line around which
movements occurs, each perpendicular to the plane in
which movements occurs:
1. Sagittal (anteroposterior) axis: imaginary
transverse line runs from anterior to posterior or
posterior to anterior » frontal plane movements
2. Frontal (mediolateral) axis: imaginary transverse
line runs from medial to lateral or lateral to medial
» sagittal plane movements
3. Longitudinal (vertical or superioinferior) axis:
imaginary transverse line runs from superior to
inferior or inferior to superior » transverse plane
movements
• It is essential for angular or axial movements to
occurs.
• Joints may classified according to number of axis
around which permit the movements

29. Diagonal or oblique plane and axis

30. Parallel planes and body movements