This document contains an exam with multiple choice questions about topics related to leadership, ethics, culture, research methods, and business. It provides instructions for students to send their semester and specialization details to an email address or phone number to receive fully solved assignments. The exam questions cover areas such as defining moments, authentic leadership, transformational leadership, ethical leadership, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, research design, after-sales services, cross-cultural negotiation, interpreting cultural knowledge, relations between governments and multinational corporations, the marketing research process, definitions of business research, using primary and secondary research, screening secondary research sources, and analyzing literature in research.

1. EXAM
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 Select the right answer (always 1 out of 5):
Question 1: Promoting “Personal Leadership Development” is a major goal of the Contemporary
Management module. For this purpose, Joseph L. Badaracco Jr.’s classic concept of “Defining
Moments” (1997) can be helpful.
What does “Defining Moments” mean?
Question 2: “Authentic Leadership” represents one of the newest areas of leadership research,
responding to strong contemporary demands in society. There are multiple definitions. Taking a
developmental approach Walumbwa et al. (2008) conducted a comprehensive research to
determine what components constituted “Authentic Leadership”.
Two of them are...
Question 3: “Transformational Leadership” is another current and most popular approach to
leadership and part of the so-called “New Leadership” paradigm.
Which of the following
Question 4: Although everyone has an ethical responsibility, leaders have a special responsibility
because the nature of their leadership puts them in a special position: They have more power and
control to influence other people’s life.
Many recentscandalsinbusiness,financeorpoliticshave furtheredthe interest in ethics in general
and - with their origin traced back in the Western tradition to the ancient Greeks - ethical theories
are experiencing a resurgence in popularity also in the world of business.
Ethical Leadership....
Question5:Globalizationhasincreased the needforleaderstobecome competent in cross-cultural
awareness and practice. Hofstede’s (1980, 2001) work has been the benchmark for much of the

2. research on world cultures. He identified five major dimensions on which cultures differ. In the
specificareaof culture and leadership, the “GLOBE Study of 62 Societies” (House et al, 2004) offers
the strongest body of findings to date. Based on their research and the work of others the authors
identifyninecultural dimensionsthat increase our understanding of cross-cultural interactions and
the impact of culture on leadership effectiveness.
While severalof theseGLOBE dimensionsreferin one way or another also to Hofstede’s dimensions,
two of them are identical. Which ones?
Simple multiple choice questions
1. Which of the following does NOT apply to quantitative research?
a. It usesthe scientificmethod
b. It givesrise tolessreliabledatathanqualitative research
c. It aimsto describe,explainandpredictphenomena
d. Its methodsare tighterandmore rigorousthan inqualitative research
2. What is the correct ordering of the stages involved in planning research?
a. Formulate the hypothesis,carryoutthe study,designthe study,analyze the results
b. Designthe study,formulate the hypothesis,carry outthe study,analyze the results
c. Formulate the hypothesis,designthe study,carryoutthe study,analyze the results
d. Designthe study,carry outthe study,formulate the hypothesis,analyze the results
3. Quantitative research is influenced by the __________________ approach.
a. Positivism
b. Constructivism
c. Interpretivism
d. None of the above
4. In the following study, what is/are the independent (predictor) variable(s)?
A researcher is interested in looking at stress levels in people of different ages and occupations.

3. a. Age
b. Occupation
c. Stress
d. Both (a) and (b)
5. Why might cross-sectional designs be used?
a. To save time and money
b. To show how the same individuals change over time
c. To avoid the confound of participant variables
d. To compare the effects of a program before and after intervention.
6. Research has shown that after-sales services are crucial in building customer loyalty and
maintainingcompanyreputation.Whatisanotherkeyreasonthatafter-salesservicesshouldreceive
particular attention of top management?
a. these services are almost always more profitable than the actual sale of primary good itself
b. these services are very difficult to duplicate
c. these services can be very heavily advertised
d. these services cost almost nothing
e. degree of outsourcing service support
7. Looking broadly across several cultures, two important lessons with respect to negotiation
standout. One of those lessons is that:
a. regional generalizations are generally true.
b. regional generalizations are generally not correct.
c stereotyping is a useful tactic.
d. generalizationsare usuallyuseful asa form of secondary research. supply does not always match
demand.

4. 8.____________ knowledge about a culture is usually obvious and must be learned.
a. Factual
b. Interpretative
c. Virtual
d. Historical
e. Superstitious
9. Relations between governments and multinational corporations are generally positive if
investments:
a. Are tied to national security.
b. Are only oriented toward the consumer sector.
c. Are under $1 million.
d. Create jobs.
e. Do not involve extensive Internet business.
10. Bert Wonghas decidedtopursue a marketing research effort to acquire information before his
company makes a strategic relocation move to the West Coast. Which of the following marketing
research process steps would be the first step that Bert's company (and marketing researchers)
should take as it embarks on the research effort?
a. Define the research problem and establish research objectives.
b. Analyze, interpret, and summarize the results.
c. Determine the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives.
d. Consider the costs and benefits of the research effort.
e. Gather relevant data from secondary or primary sources, or both.
11. Business research is defined as:
a. An attempt to provide management with the proof that their business idea or paradigm is the
right one
b. The sequence of trial and errors conceived to discover what we think is discoverable
c. The use of an existing theory to support what the company allegedly needs to do in order to
make a project profitable
d. A preliminaryinquestwithinthe companyinordertodefine whatthe stockholders want to hear
and later identify what kind of data we need to gather to prove them right or wrong
e. A systematic investigation aimed at discovering data and/or to develop a theory
12. In Business we often hear about companies basing their decision, on research:

5. a. Primarily secondary research
b. Exclusively primary research
c. Anypropercombinationof primary and secondary research or as long as it is structured, logical
and conclusive
d. any kind of research as long as it does not cost too much
e. run research only when it adds to the reputation of the firm
13. In many instances research leads to rely on secondary research, such as:
a. Listing the largest body of internet articles more or less related to the researched issue
b. Identifying as many texts book as possible on the researched issue
c. Predominantly consult and liberally use university articles on the subject
d. Screen the most relevant sources (articles and books alike) and compare them
e. Reviewthe available literature andstartby criticallycomparingthe sourcesmostfocused on the
issue at end
14. When facing a large body of knowledge, the researcher screens it by:
a. Giving priority to the reputation of the author
b. Giving priority to the most recent articles
c. Giving more importance to articles coming closer to the research question
d. Giving priority to the articles showing a higher level of philosophical underpinnings
e. C and D
15. After screening the appropriate literature the researcher:
a. Compiles the bestideasthatsuitthe researchquestionsanddrawsconclusions
b. Compare,contrastsand finelyanalyze all relevantliterature todraw preliminaryconclusions
c. Charts the resultsof eacharticle and drawsconclusionsbasedontheiraverage outcome
d. Addsmore literature if he/she doesnotlike the suggestedoutcome
Uses C. to decide if further research is needed
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