zika virus: epidemiology, prevention and control

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ZIKA VIRUS

3. Contents
• Introduction
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Transmission
• Diagnosis
• Prevention
• Treatment
• WHO response
• Recent updates
• Summary
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4. Introduction
• mosquito-borne virus.
• First identified, 1947-Uganda: rhesus monkeys.
• 1952 - Uganda and United Republic of
Tranzania – Humans
• First recorded out breaks: 2007
• Pacific Island of Yap in the Federated States of
Micronesia: 70% ppln infected with zika virus
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5. • Largest outbreak: 2013, French Polynesia
• As of July 2018: a total of 86 countries and
territories reported evidence of mosquito
transmitted Zika infection.
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6. The virus
• Group : Group IV ((+) ssRNA)
• Genre : Flavivirus
• Vector : Aedes mosquitoes
• Reservoir : Unknown
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7. Transmission
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9. Symptoms
• Incubation period : Not clear
• Symptoms : ( mild and lasts for 2-7 days )
• Fever
• Skin rashes
• Conjunctivitis
• Muscle and joint pain
• Malaise
• Headache
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10. Complications
• Potential neurological and auto-immune
conditions
• Guillian-Barre
syndrome
• Microcephaly
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11. Investigations
• RT-PCR – To detect viral RNA in serum
• PRNT – To detect virus specific antibodies
(plague reduction neutralization test)
IN INDIA,
• NCDC – Delhi
• NIV - Pune
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13. Prevention
• Source Reduction (Removal and modification of
breeding sites)
• Reduction contact between mosquitoes and
people.
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14. Methods
• Insect repellents
• Wearing clothes – light colored
- cover as much body as
possible
• Physical barriers – window screen, closed
doors and windows, sleeping under
mosquito nets
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15. • Empty, clean or cover containers that can store
water.
• Clean and remove the mosquito breeding sites.
• Communities support for local government .
• Special attention for young children, the sick and
elderly.
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16. • Larvicides to treat large water containers
• Travelers should take the basic precautions to
protect themselves from mosquito bites
• Repellents should contain
–DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide)
–IR3535 (3-[N-acetyl-N-butyl]-
aminopropionic acid ethyl ester)
–Icardin(1-piperidinecarboxylic acid
–2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylester)
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17. Treatment
• No specific treatment
• Plenty of rest
• Enough fluids
• Treat pain and fever
• Currently no vaccines available
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18. WHO response
• Define and prioritize research into zika virus
disease.
• Enhance surveillance of zika virus and potential
complications.
• Strengthen capacity in risk communication.
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19. WHO response..
• Provide training on clinical management, diagnosis
and vector control.
• Strengthen the capacity of laboratories.
• Support health authorities to implement vector
control strategies.
• Prepare recommendations.
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20. • Zika included in the 2018 annual review of the
Blueprint list of priority diseases
• 45 vaccine candidates
• Few phase III human trial
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22. Zika in India
• 15 May 2017: MoHFW, 3 lab confirmed cases
in
Bapunagar area, Ahmedabad District, Gujarat,
State, India
• Lab: RT-PCR
• 2 cases: AFP
• 1 case: ANC surveillance
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23. Public health response, India
• National Guidelines and Action Plan
• All international airports and ports have displayed
information for travellers on Zika virus disease.
• appropriate vector control measures in airport
premises.
• IDSP: tracking for clustering of acute febrile illness
• NIV, Pune, and NCDC in Delhi, strengthened by
ICMR for diagnosis
• RBSK: monitoring microcephaly
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24. Thank you
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25. WHATS TODAY????
A PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE DAY
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30. GOOD NEWS /BAD NEWS
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31. GOOD NEWS
NO THEORY CLASS ON NEXT MONDAY (17.9.2018)
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32. BAD NEWS
SLIP TEST ON 17TH SEPTEMBER
TOPICS:
ALL COMMUNICABLE DISEASES COVERED TILL
15TH SEPTEMBER (SATURDAY)
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