The document discusses brain preservation and protection strategies. It explores endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms activated after cerebral stress and ischemia that can be harnessed, like ischemic preconditioning. Various preconditioning factors are described, including exercise, caloric restriction, and pharmacologic agents. Improving understanding of the neurovascular unit and modulating cerebral plasticity are proposed for developing new neuroprotective strategies and clinical applications.
Hypoxic ischemic insult, by prof Ayman Galhom, ass prof neurosurgery, Suez ca...mohamed osama hussein
A lecture given by dr Ayman Galhom, assistant professor neurosurgery, Suez canal university, during Port said fourth neonatology conference, at 24-25 October, 2013. This lecture was a discussion of the pathophysiology & management of hypoxic ischaemic insult to an infant in PICU
Hypoxic ischemic insult, by prof Ayman Galhom, ass prof neurosurgery, Suez ca...mohamed osama hussein
A lecture given by dr Ayman Galhom, assistant professor neurosurgery, Suez canal university, during Port said fourth neonatology conference, at 24-25 October, 2013. This lecture was a discussion of the pathophysiology & management of hypoxic ischaemic insult to an infant in PICU
FA is a very rare, genetic, recessive disease, affecting 1/50,000 people.
Originates from mutations in the “coding” of the mitochondria.
Discovered by Nicholaus Friedreich in the early 1860’s.
Both parents must have the dominant trait for a 25% chance of an offspring possessing the disease.
Not necessarily a disease that kills you, but eventually a wheelchair and regular assistance will be required.
Onset before age 20-25 year.
FA is a very rare, genetic, recessive disease, affecting 1/50,000 people.
Originates from mutations in the “coding” of the mitochondria.
Discovered by Nicholaus Friedreich in the early 1860’s.
Both parents must have the dominant trait for a 25% chance of an offspring possessing the disease.
Not necessarily a disease that kills you, but eventually a wheelchair and regular assistance will be required.
Onset before age 20-25 year.
Microglia-Derived ExosomalmicroRNA-151-3p enhances functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury by attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating the p53/p21/ CDK1 Signaling Pathway
The Anesthetized Brain is less Vulnerable to ischemic injury than the awake brain.
EEG changes suggestive of severe ischemia are present.
Basic Methode Brain Protection are “ Corner Stone “
CPP, CBF, CBV maintained in “Normal Range”, MAP may increased up to 10 – 20 %.
Anesthetics Drugs may have Brain Protectection effect.
Volatile anesthetics do provide some Transient Protection (< 1,5 MAC)
Barbiturates, although long considered to be the gold standard.
Hypothermic methode are controversial, Hyperthermia should be avoided.
Insulin is Administered if glucose values exceed 180 mg/dl.
Close monitoring of BSL to ensure that Hypoglycemia does not develop
Pathophysiology of TBI is complex and consists of acute and delayed injury. In the acute phase, brain tissue destroyed upon impact includes neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, the latter of which makes up the blood-brain barrier. In the delayed phase, “toxins” released from damaged cells set off cascades in neighboring cells eventually leading to exacerbation of primary injury. As researches further explore pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating condition, numerous potential therapeutic strategies, especially those involving stem cells, are emerging to improve recovery and possibly reverse damage. In addition to elucidating the most recent advances in the understanding of TBI pathophysiology, this review explores two primary pathways currently under investigation and are thought to yield the most viable therapeutic approach for treatment of TBI: manipulation of endogenous neural cell response and administration of exogenous stem cell therapy.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently.
Symptoms: Amnesia; Dementia
Diseases or conditions caused: Dementia
Pathophysiology
Pathology
BPharm 2nd Semester
MPharm
Therapeutics
MBBS
Epileptogenesis is the process by which a brain network that was previously normal is functionally altered toward increased seizure susceptibility, thus having an enhanced probability to generate spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs). The process of epileptogenesis occurs in 3 phases: the occurrence of a precipitating injury; a 'latent' period of epileptogenesis and chronic, established epilepsy. Structural and molecular changes associated with epileptogenesis include selective neuronal loss,axonal and dendritic reorganisation, neurogenesis, altered expression of neurotransmitters, and changes at glial architecture. Antiepileptogenesis can be complete or partial. Complete prevention aborts the development of epilepsy while partial prevention can delay the development of epilepsy or reduce its severity. Targeting signaling pathways that alter the expression of genes involved in epileptogenesis may provide novel therapeutic approaches for preventing epileptogenesis. The mTOR and REST pathways are exciting new potential targets for intervention in the epileptogenic process.
Zelman vladimir exploring new frontiers of brain preservation and protection
1. Exploring New Frontiers of Brain Preservation and Protection Vladimir Zelman, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine Member of Russian Academy of Medical Science
49. Brain Preservation UNIVERSAL CHANNEL BLOCKERS RECEPTOR SPECIFIC PHARMACOLOGY STEM CELLS HUMAN GENOME DISCOVERIES GENETIC ENGINEERING CEREBRAL PLASTICITY NEURONAL PRECONDITIONING NEW HORIZONS NANOTECHNOLOGY
50. Carl Kesselman – Director of biomedical informatics research network Larry Swanson – Director of national brain connectome initiative Carlos Pato and Michelle Pato – Directors of National Psychosis Genomics Initiative Leaders of Neuroscience Research at USC Michael Jakowec Center for Vision Science and Technology Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems Brain and Creativity Institute Center for Neural Engineering Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering Center for Excellence in Genomic Studies (CEGS) Laboratory for Molecular Robots Nanotechnology Research Lab Institute for Genetic Medicine Pat Levitt, Director, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and co-director of the National Developing Human Brain Transcriptomics initiative Dorne Cognitive Neuroscience Imaging Center USC is emerging as a leader in this respect because of the unique, multi-disciplinary approach to science. Key to advancing this research agenda is leadership. The very best scientists and leaders can bring together others and motivate them to work in highly collaborative ways to solve mysteries of brain diseases in ways that others cannot in their isolated laboratories. James Knowles- Director of the National Developing Human Brain Transcriptomics initiative
51.
Editor's Notes
In 1955 P.D. Bedford published &quot;Adverse cerebral effects of anaesthesia on old people.&quot;55 He reviewed 1,193 (presumably non-cardiac) patients over 50 years old who had received general anesthesia .
In 1955 P.D. Bedford published &quot;Adverse cerebral effects of anaesthesia on old people.&quot;55 He reviewed 1,193 (presumably non-cardiac) patients over 50 years old who had received general anesthesia .
Brain architecture is created by the formation of connections between neurons as a result of interactions with one’s environment, and then the pruning of connections that aren’t used. Neural connections in different areas of the brain are responsible for different kinds of activities. For example, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus house activities related to memory and decision-making (executive function). As you can see from these depictions of neurons, brains subjected to chronic stress have underdeveloped connections in the areas of the brain most critical for success in school, work, and behavior.
In 1955 P.D. Bedford published &quot;Adverse cerebral effects of anaesthesia on old people.&quot;55 He reviewed 1,193 (presumably non-cardiac) patients over 50 years old who had received general anesthesia .