Financial losses in smoking and its consequences inAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the financial losses and consequences of smoking in Bangladesh. It finds that smoking results in huge financial losses at individual, family, and national levels. Direct losses include costs of tobacco production and purchasing cigarettes. Indirect losses include lost productivity, family problems, and high healthcare costs to treat smoking-related illnesses. The study aims to quantify these financial losses and identify the causes of smoking in Bangladesh in order to discourage smoking and reduce its economic impacts.
Obesity is a major health problem that affects over 1/3 of the population in Texas and over 68% of the US population. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of body fat and contributes to increased risk of diseases like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Obesity rates have dramatically increased over the past few decades and are projected to continue rising without prevention efforts. Factors driving the obesity epidemic include environmental influences like lack of access to healthy foods and healthcare in rural and low-income areas as well as increased portion sizes and food advertising. Obesity needs to be addressed through policy changes to reduce its physical and economic burden.
As a biochemist, I was floored by this presentation by Dr. Lustig of UCSF on high-fructose corn syrup. I watched him on the UC channel on cable and downloaded a copy of the presentation to share.
This document discusses the effects of natural and added sugars on health. It begins by explaining what sugars are and why people enjoy them, noting they provide fast energy but also blood sugar spikes and crashes. Too much sugar can lead to overeating, obesity, and diseases like diabetes. It recommends limits of 9 teaspoons per day for men and 5 for women, but says teens likely exceed this. Many drinks and foods have added sugars like high fructose corn syrup hidden inside. While artificial sweeteners have fewer calories, they may not satisfy cravings and their long term impacts are unclear. The document encourages choosing water, milk, herbal teas and limiting sugary drinks and foods with added sugars to support health.
Sugar is not inherently bad for health, but excess consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugary foods can upset the body's natural balance. All foods contain carbohydrates, which are either simple or complex; simple carbohydrates include single sugars like fructose and double sugars like sucrose, while complex carbohydrates like legumes and whole grains are digested more slowly. Consuming too many refined and simple carbohydrates can overwhelm the body's natural insulin response for regulating blood sugar levels.
Sugar is bad for health and has been known to cause diseases for over 1000 years according to Chinese medicine. Consuming a diet high in sugar and carbohydrates leads to excessive eating habits and diseases like diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and various cancers. Nearly all foods contain sugar beyond just table sugar, including fruits, grains, potatoes, and any white or light-colored foods; therefore sugar intake should be reduced by avoiding most carbohydrates and watching portion sizes. The body's preferred fuel is fat, not sugar or carbs, which are linked to disease, so sugar intake is not actually needed in our diets.
This document discusses the treatment of industrial waste waters from the sugar industry. It provides background on sugar production, characteristics of sugar industry effluent, and a flow chart for treating sugar mill wastewater. The flow chart shows an equalization tank followed by anaerobic lagoons for primary treatment, then aerated lagoons and finally aerobic and anaerobic ponds for secondary treatment. A case study is presented on the Sir Shadi Sugar Mill in India that found untreated effluent was toxic but treated effluent met standards for irrigation. References on wastewater treatment and a sugar mill case study are also provided.
This document discusses the effects of sugar on the human body. It notes that sugar is a sweet crystalline substance consisting mainly of sucrose and is used as a source of energy, income, and preservation. However, sugar is highly addictive as it releases rewards in the brain. Many foods contain hidden sugar. Refined sugar has no nutritional value. Excessive sugar intake has been linked to diseases like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. It can also cause tooth decay and weaken the immune system. Cutting back on sugar is important for health but may cause withdrawal symptoms.
Financial losses in smoking and its consequences inAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the financial losses and consequences of smoking in Bangladesh. It finds that smoking results in huge financial losses at individual, family, and national levels. Direct losses include costs of tobacco production and purchasing cigarettes. Indirect losses include lost productivity, family problems, and high healthcare costs to treat smoking-related illnesses. The study aims to quantify these financial losses and identify the causes of smoking in Bangladesh in order to discourage smoking and reduce its economic impacts.
Obesity is a major health problem that affects over 1/3 of the population in Texas and over 68% of the US population. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of body fat and contributes to increased risk of diseases like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Obesity rates have dramatically increased over the past few decades and are projected to continue rising without prevention efforts. Factors driving the obesity epidemic include environmental influences like lack of access to healthy foods and healthcare in rural and low-income areas as well as increased portion sizes and food advertising. Obesity needs to be addressed through policy changes to reduce its physical and economic burden.
As a biochemist, I was floored by this presentation by Dr. Lustig of UCSF on high-fructose corn syrup. I watched him on the UC channel on cable and downloaded a copy of the presentation to share.
This document discusses the effects of natural and added sugars on health. It begins by explaining what sugars are and why people enjoy them, noting they provide fast energy but also blood sugar spikes and crashes. Too much sugar can lead to overeating, obesity, and diseases like diabetes. It recommends limits of 9 teaspoons per day for men and 5 for women, but says teens likely exceed this. Many drinks and foods have added sugars like high fructose corn syrup hidden inside. While artificial sweeteners have fewer calories, they may not satisfy cravings and their long term impacts are unclear. The document encourages choosing water, milk, herbal teas and limiting sugary drinks and foods with added sugars to support health.
Sugar is not inherently bad for health, but excess consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugary foods can upset the body's natural balance. All foods contain carbohydrates, which are either simple or complex; simple carbohydrates include single sugars like fructose and double sugars like sucrose, while complex carbohydrates like legumes and whole grains are digested more slowly. Consuming too many refined and simple carbohydrates can overwhelm the body's natural insulin response for regulating blood sugar levels.
Sugar is bad for health and has been known to cause diseases for over 1000 years according to Chinese medicine. Consuming a diet high in sugar and carbohydrates leads to excessive eating habits and diseases like diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and various cancers. Nearly all foods contain sugar beyond just table sugar, including fruits, grains, potatoes, and any white or light-colored foods; therefore sugar intake should be reduced by avoiding most carbohydrates and watching portion sizes. The body's preferred fuel is fat, not sugar or carbs, which are linked to disease, so sugar intake is not actually needed in our diets.
This document discusses the treatment of industrial waste waters from the sugar industry. It provides background on sugar production, characteristics of sugar industry effluent, and a flow chart for treating sugar mill wastewater. The flow chart shows an equalization tank followed by anaerobic lagoons for primary treatment, then aerated lagoons and finally aerobic and anaerobic ponds for secondary treatment. A case study is presented on the Sir Shadi Sugar Mill in India that found untreated effluent was toxic but treated effluent met standards for irrigation. References on wastewater treatment and a sugar mill case study are also provided.
This document discusses the effects of sugar on the human body. It notes that sugar is a sweet crystalline substance consisting mainly of sucrose and is used as a source of energy, income, and preservation. However, sugar is highly addictive as it releases rewards in the brain. Many foods contain hidden sugar. Refined sugar has no nutritional value. Excessive sugar intake has been linked to diseases like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. It can also cause tooth decay and weaken the immune system. Cutting back on sugar is important for health but may cause withdrawal symptoms.
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. It notes that NCDs are usually not infectious or contagious, have a long duration, and can often be asymptomatic, making them a "silent killer". The document outlines specific NCDs that commonly affect younger and older age groups. It also discusses risk factors for NCDs, including modifiable factors like smoking and physical inactivity, and non-modifiable factors like genetics. The key NCDs of cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, and obesity are then summarized in more detail.
1) Smoking is linked to tobacco and was originally used by Native Americans, but spread worldwide during imperialism as many governments relied on tobacco tax revenue.
2) Tobacco smoking causes numerous health issues like lung cancer, heart disease, and other cancers due to chemicals like tar and nicotine. It increases blood pressure and negatively impacts fetal development.
3) Tobacco kills over 6 million people worldwide annually, draining $500 billion from the global economy. Banning tobacco advertisements and prohibiting smoking in public places in many countries has helped reduce smoking, but stronger implementation of laws is still needed.
“If Alcohol (Ethanol) Was Discovered Today, It Would be Subject to Controls U...Lisa Zollo
This document is a 14,001 word research paper that examines whether alcohol would be regulated as a controlled substance under New Zealand's Misuse of Drugs Act if it were discovered today. The paper provides background on the history of alcohol consumption, pharmacology of alcohol, health effects of alcohol use, and compares alcohol to other regulated psychoactive substances. It also discusses New Zealand alcohol statistics and the involvement of alcohol in crime before analyzing whether alcohol has medicinal benefits that outweigh its harms and whether it meets the criteria to be classified as a controlled drug.
This document discusses a study examining the link between diet, development level, and rates of cardiovascular disease and diabetes globally. The authors hypothesize that countries with higher intakes of sugars, alcohol and less fruits/vegetables will have higher rates of these diseases, while higher protein intake and healthcare spending will reduce rates. They also expect more developed and Asian countries to be at higher risk. Dietary data from 2006 will be analyzed against disease death rates from 2008 to test these relationships using regression analysis.
This document provides an introduction and background on alcoholism. It defines alcoholism as a chronic disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors, characterized by impaired control over drinking and denial. It notes alcohol is widely consumed and abuse is a major problem in many countries. Later sections discuss psychological and behavioral explanations for alcoholism, the objectives and need for studying alcohol abuse among caretakers in medical wards, and a review of previous literature on definitions and studies of alcoholism.
The document analyzes Mexico's implementation of an IEPS tax on sugar-sweetened beverages to address high rates of obesity and diabetes. It summarizes arguments for and against the tax, noting that while sugar intake contributes to obesity, other factors like inactivity are also involved. It outlines the strategy developed by health authorities to reduce consumption through fiscal and educational measures like prohibiting unhealthy foods in schools. The proposal to Congress included a 1 peso per liter tax on sugar-sweetened beverages to potentially lower disease rates by diminishing negative health impacts and treatment costs.
The document discusses several unhealthy habits including tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and obesity. It notes that tobacco causes about 40,000 deaths per year in Spain and increases risks of cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. Alcohol limits brain functions and can damage the nervous system. Cannabis use can impair memory and coordination. Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation, affects over 1.6 billion people worldwide and is expected to impact over 2.3 billion adults by 2015. Main causes include poor diets high in calories and sugars and sedentary lifestyles, while consequences involve cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers.
Currently, the harmful use of alcohol and drug consumption is one of the biggest public health problems in the world, due to its high social and economic cost; registering in youth.
The concept of alcoholism encompasses both addictive behavior to alcohol, as well as the set of somatic and psychological problems or disorders caused by the use/abuse and dependence on this substance.
It is considered one of the toxins that accompany and sometimes destroy the bio-psycho-social environment of the individual and his own life; alcohol addiction is a major physical health problem
Tobacco use is a major public health problem that kills over 5 million people worldwide each year. In Sudan, smoking prevalence among males is around 24% compared to only 2% among females. There are effective tobacco control strategies available through the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) including tax increases, advertising bans, smoke-free laws, health warnings on packages, and cessation support. Quitting tobacco has significant health, economic, and social benefits for individuals and their families.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael MarmotJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Ms. Tanisha Poddar of BVJMM 4th Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about Substance abuse among youth.
For More Query Call us on 09990474829, 011 61199191
Visit us at https://www.jimssouthdelhi.com/
Follow us on:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JIMSVASANTKUNJII/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimsljptweets
Instagram : : https://www.instagram.com/jims_vk2/?hl=en
YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZgioa2rpculDY7bHlljD6g
Blog: https://jimssouthdelhi.com/blog/
Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jims-vasant-kunj-38785a85/
This document discusses tobacco control and prevention policies recommended by the American College of Physicians. It provides background on the health and economic impacts of tobacco use. Key points include:
- Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the US. Comprehensive tobacco control programs are needed to reduce smoking rates.
- The FDA was given authority in 2009 to regulate tobacco, but regulation alone is not enough. States must fund tobacco control efforts and increase tobacco taxes.
- Smokeless tobacco and cigars also harm health. Secondhand smoke exposure causes illness and death in nonsmokers.
Tobacco causes around 40,000 deaths per year in Spain and leads to illnesses such as lung cancer, coughs, and heart attacks. Alcohol is the most consumed toxic substance and limits brain functions while also damaging the nervous system. Drugs like cannabis can cause problems with concentration, memory, and coordination when smoked. Obesity is defined as a large accumulation of fat that can harm health, and the WHO estimates that by 2015 over 700 million people will be obese.
There is one area of diabetes treatment and prevention that’s largely overlooked by mainstream medicine which involves environmental toxins known as “diabetogens”, foreign chemicals that disrupt the ability of hormone insulin in several ways. Download Dr. Stengler's Report for more details.
This document discusses how environmental toxins known as "diabetogens" can disrupt insulin function and lead to higher blood sugar levels and diabetes. Several toxins are linked to diabetes risk, including heavy metals like mercury, arsenic and lead. The chemical BPA, found in many plastic and canned food products, has also been shown to cause insulin resistance and pancreatic issues in studies. Reducing exposure to these toxins through detoxification can help lower blood glucose levels and reduce diabetes risk or medication needs.
Obesity is the third greatest social burden driven by human beings, after smoking and war, violence and terrorism. And while sugar consumption is far from the only cause of this, it is increasingly in the spotlight.
Everyone knows that alcohol is bad for health. But still they continue to use it in large quantities. Each country has its own national alcoholic drink, and even has a culture of drinking it. Alcohol has been and will exist for more than one generation. Despite its well-known harmful effect on the body, this world will not stop drinking. It is firmly entrenched in our culture.
There are many factors that influence health inequalities in the UK, including geographical area, racial group, gender, and social class, with social class having a strong link to poverty. While health has improved overall, gaps between higher and lower social classes persist and may be widening. Approaches to solving health inequalities debate whether the focus should be on collective government action to address root social and economic causes, or more individualistic approaches emphasizing personal responsibility and lifestyle changes. Current thinking in the UK and Scotland incorporates elements of both, with a greater emphasis on prevention through social inclusion and poverty reduction policies.
Pesticides & Chemicals Hurt your Child’s Health & Comprehensionv2zq
INCLUDES LINKS TO:
Over 120 books and web sites on Education, Children's Health and Academic Success, Organic Food Recipes, Organic Non-Sugar Sweeteners, School Lunches ~ Over 300 books on Organic Gardening and Heirloom Gardening ~ Over 200 books on Sustainable Technology and Alternative Housing ~ Over 30 books on Renewable Energy ~ Many Free PDF files on Rain Gardens, Roof Gardens, Aeroponic Gardening, Rainwater Harvesting, Waterwise Gardening, Green Eco Churches, Vegetable Oil Cars, Organic Gardening Guides, Ram Pumps, Companion Planting, Garden Therapy Manuals, Faith Healing
Resource Handbook for City Beekeeping & Honey for Healthv2zq
This document provides summaries of and links to numerous books and resources about urban beekeeping and beekeeping topics. It begins by noting some browser compatibility issues and then lists over 50 books on topics like urban beekeeping, top-bar beekeeping, natural beekeeping approaches, mason bees, and bee health. Links are provided to purchase or borrow each book from various sources.
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. It notes that NCDs are usually not infectious or contagious, have a long duration, and can often be asymptomatic, making them a "silent killer". The document outlines specific NCDs that commonly affect younger and older age groups. It also discusses risk factors for NCDs, including modifiable factors like smoking and physical inactivity, and non-modifiable factors like genetics. The key NCDs of cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, and obesity are then summarized in more detail.
1) Smoking is linked to tobacco and was originally used by Native Americans, but spread worldwide during imperialism as many governments relied on tobacco tax revenue.
2) Tobacco smoking causes numerous health issues like lung cancer, heart disease, and other cancers due to chemicals like tar and nicotine. It increases blood pressure and negatively impacts fetal development.
3) Tobacco kills over 6 million people worldwide annually, draining $500 billion from the global economy. Banning tobacco advertisements and prohibiting smoking in public places in many countries has helped reduce smoking, but stronger implementation of laws is still needed.
“If Alcohol (Ethanol) Was Discovered Today, It Would be Subject to Controls U...Lisa Zollo
This document is a 14,001 word research paper that examines whether alcohol would be regulated as a controlled substance under New Zealand's Misuse of Drugs Act if it were discovered today. The paper provides background on the history of alcohol consumption, pharmacology of alcohol, health effects of alcohol use, and compares alcohol to other regulated psychoactive substances. It also discusses New Zealand alcohol statistics and the involvement of alcohol in crime before analyzing whether alcohol has medicinal benefits that outweigh its harms and whether it meets the criteria to be classified as a controlled drug.
This document discusses a study examining the link between diet, development level, and rates of cardiovascular disease and diabetes globally. The authors hypothesize that countries with higher intakes of sugars, alcohol and less fruits/vegetables will have higher rates of these diseases, while higher protein intake and healthcare spending will reduce rates. They also expect more developed and Asian countries to be at higher risk. Dietary data from 2006 will be analyzed against disease death rates from 2008 to test these relationships using regression analysis.
This document provides an introduction and background on alcoholism. It defines alcoholism as a chronic disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors, characterized by impaired control over drinking and denial. It notes alcohol is widely consumed and abuse is a major problem in many countries. Later sections discuss psychological and behavioral explanations for alcoholism, the objectives and need for studying alcohol abuse among caretakers in medical wards, and a review of previous literature on definitions and studies of alcoholism.
The document analyzes Mexico's implementation of an IEPS tax on sugar-sweetened beverages to address high rates of obesity and diabetes. It summarizes arguments for and against the tax, noting that while sugar intake contributes to obesity, other factors like inactivity are also involved. It outlines the strategy developed by health authorities to reduce consumption through fiscal and educational measures like prohibiting unhealthy foods in schools. The proposal to Congress included a 1 peso per liter tax on sugar-sweetened beverages to potentially lower disease rates by diminishing negative health impacts and treatment costs.
The document discusses several unhealthy habits including tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and obesity. It notes that tobacco causes about 40,000 deaths per year in Spain and increases risks of cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. Alcohol limits brain functions and can damage the nervous system. Cannabis use can impair memory and coordination. Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation, affects over 1.6 billion people worldwide and is expected to impact over 2.3 billion adults by 2015. Main causes include poor diets high in calories and sugars and sedentary lifestyles, while consequences involve cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers.
Currently, the harmful use of alcohol and drug consumption is one of the biggest public health problems in the world, due to its high social and economic cost; registering in youth.
The concept of alcoholism encompasses both addictive behavior to alcohol, as well as the set of somatic and psychological problems or disorders caused by the use/abuse and dependence on this substance.
It is considered one of the toxins that accompany and sometimes destroy the bio-psycho-social environment of the individual and his own life; alcohol addiction is a major physical health problem
Tobacco use is a major public health problem that kills over 5 million people worldwide each year. In Sudan, smoking prevalence among males is around 24% compared to only 2% among females. There are effective tobacco control strategies available through the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) including tax increases, advertising bans, smoke-free laws, health warnings on packages, and cessation support. Quitting tobacco has significant health, economic, and social benefits for individuals and their families.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael MarmotJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Ms. Tanisha Poddar of BVJMM 4th Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about Substance abuse among youth.
For More Query Call us on 09990474829, 011 61199191
Visit us at https://www.jimssouthdelhi.com/
Follow us on:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JIMSVASANTKUNJII/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimsljptweets
Instagram : : https://www.instagram.com/jims_vk2/?hl=en
YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZgioa2rpculDY7bHlljD6g
Blog: https://jimssouthdelhi.com/blog/
Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jims-vasant-kunj-38785a85/
This document discusses tobacco control and prevention policies recommended by the American College of Physicians. It provides background on the health and economic impacts of tobacco use. Key points include:
- Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the US. Comprehensive tobacco control programs are needed to reduce smoking rates.
- The FDA was given authority in 2009 to regulate tobacco, but regulation alone is not enough. States must fund tobacco control efforts and increase tobacco taxes.
- Smokeless tobacco and cigars also harm health. Secondhand smoke exposure causes illness and death in nonsmokers.
Tobacco causes around 40,000 deaths per year in Spain and leads to illnesses such as lung cancer, coughs, and heart attacks. Alcohol is the most consumed toxic substance and limits brain functions while also damaging the nervous system. Drugs like cannabis can cause problems with concentration, memory, and coordination when smoked. Obesity is defined as a large accumulation of fat that can harm health, and the WHO estimates that by 2015 over 700 million people will be obese.
There is one area of diabetes treatment and prevention that’s largely overlooked by mainstream medicine which involves environmental toxins known as “diabetogens”, foreign chemicals that disrupt the ability of hormone insulin in several ways. Download Dr. Stengler's Report for more details.
This document discusses how environmental toxins known as "diabetogens" can disrupt insulin function and lead to higher blood sugar levels and diabetes. Several toxins are linked to diabetes risk, including heavy metals like mercury, arsenic and lead. The chemical BPA, found in many plastic and canned food products, has also been shown to cause insulin resistance and pancreatic issues in studies. Reducing exposure to these toxins through detoxification can help lower blood glucose levels and reduce diabetes risk or medication needs.
Obesity is the third greatest social burden driven by human beings, after smoking and war, violence and terrorism. And while sugar consumption is far from the only cause of this, it is increasingly in the spotlight.
Everyone knows that alcohol is bad for health. But still they continue to use it in large quantities. Each country has its own national alcoholic drink, and even has a culture of drinking it. Alcohol has been and will exist for more than one generation. Despite its well-known harmful effect on the body, this world will not stop drinking. It is firmly entrenched in our culture.
There are many factors that influence health inequalities in the UK, including geographical area, racial group, gender, and social class, with social class having a strong link to poverty. While health has improved overall, gaps between higher and lower social classes persist and may be widening. Approaches to solving health inequalities debate whether the focus should be on collective government action to address root social and economic causes, or more individualistic approaches emphasizing personal responsibility and lifestyle changes. Current thinking in the UK and Scotland incorporates elements of both, with a greater emphasis on prevention through social inclusion and poverty reduction policies.
Pesticides & Chemicals Hurt your Child’s Health & Comprehensionv2zq
INCLUDES LINKS TO:
Over 120 books and web sites on Education, Children's Health and Academic Success, Organic Food Recipes, Organic Non-Sugar Sweeteners, School Lunches ~ Over 300 books on Organic Gardening and Heirloom Gardening ~ Over 200 books on Sustainable Technology and Alternative Housing ~ Over 30 books on Renewable Energy ~ Many Free PDF files on Rain Gardens, Roof Gardens, Aeroponic Gardening, Rainwater Harvesting, Waterwise Gardening, Green Eco Churches, Vegetable Oil Cars, Organic Gardening Guides, Ram Pumps, Companion Planting, Garden Therapy Manuals, Faith Healing
Resource Handbook for City Beekeeping & Honey for Healthv2zq
This document provides summaries of and links to numerous books and resources about urban beekeeping and beekeeping topics. It begins by noting some browser compatibility issues and then lists over 50 books on topics like urban beekeeping, top-bar beekeeping, natural beekeeping approaches, mason bees, and bee health. Links are provided to purchase or borrow each book from various sources.
The Book on Value Added Products from Beekeepingv2zq
This document provides an overview of value-added products that can be produced from beekeeping, including honey, pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, venom, and bees themselves. It discusses the composition, uses, production methods, storage, quality control and recipes for each product. The document is intended to help beekeepers diversify and increase their income by utilizing all primary beekeeping products, not just honey. It also suggests these products can support small home-based businesses and developing industries to strengthen local markets for beekeeping.
This document provides instructions for making different types of candles using beeswax or paraffin wax, including pillar candles, spiral candles, and flower candles. The instructions explain how to cut and roll the beeswax to form different candle shapes without using heat. Additional instructions are provided for making tea light candles in used tea cups using paraffin wax, including two pouring stages and securing the wick. A third set of instructions explains how to make flower-shaped tart candles using molds and paraffin wax. Safety warnings are also listed.
Cosmetic Properties of Honey & Antioxidant Activity v2zq
This document discusses the antioxidant properties and cosmetic uses of various types of honey. It reviews the historical use of honey topically and in cosmetics. An experiment measured the hydrating power of emulsions containing six different honeys on human skin. The Brazilian pot-honey of Melipona fasciculata was found to have the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activity by two methods. It also produced an emulsion with the highest measured hydrating power on skin. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties varied between honey types and were correlated with their hydrating abilities in emulsions applied to human skin.
This document reviews honey as a nutrient and functional food. It discusses honey's composition, nutritional value, and potential health benefits. Some key points:
1) Honey is composed mainly of carbohydrates (glucose and fructose), small amounts of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols. It provides a marginal contribution to daily nutrient requirements.
2) Different types of honey have varying glycemic indices depending on their fructose/glucose ratio, with some lower-GI honeys potentially beneficial for diabetes management.
3) Studies show honey may be an effective performance-enhancing carbohydrate source for athletes, though more research is still needed to confirm its benefits.
Honey has a long history of medicinal use dating back thousands of years. It was commonly used in ancient Egyptian, Chinese, Indian, Greek and Roman medicine to treat wounds, infections, and other ailments. Honey remains an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and the developing field of apitherapy. Specific types of honey are prescribed for certain conditions based on their properties. Honey is used internally and externally to treat infections, respiratory issues, digestive problems, wounds and more according to traditional medical systems.
Making Beeswax Candles, Polishes & Homemade Cosmetics - Part 1 v2zq
Beeswax has been used for thousands of years for a variety of purposes. In ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, and China, beeswax was used for mummification, paintings, seals, candles, and medicine. Throughout history, beeswax was crucial for lost wax casting techniques and was the main ingredient in encaustic painting. While beeswax was once the primary wax, the development of paraffin wax in the 19th century reduced its exclusivity, though it remains the most expensive natural wax. Beeswax is still used today in batik art, sculpture preservation, candle making, wood polishes, and leather treatments.
Making Beeswax Candles, Polishes & Homemade Cosmetics - Part 2 v2zq
Bees produce beeswax from their wax glands to build honeycomb cells. They produce the greatest amount of wax during colony growth in spring under moderate climate conditions. Beeswax is made from carbohydrates in honey through the wax glands on the bee's abdomen. Old honeycomb needs to be recycled and rendered into beeswax blocks to control wax moths and produce high quality wax. There are several methods for small-scale wax production including melting comb in boiling water or using sun melters to extract wax, which is then further purified. Proper processing and equipment are needed to produce quality beeswax and avoid defects from contamination, emulsions or darkening.
Pollen is described as the "perfectly complete food" and its nutritional value and medical uses have been praised for centuries. However, bee-collected pollen only began to be used widely for human nutrition after World War II with the development of pollen traps. Proper drying, storage, and processing are important to preserve pollen's quality and nutrients. Drying should be done at low temperatures, ideally below 30°C, to avoid vitamin losses. Freezing or freeze-drying pollen provides the best preservation of nutrients, though dried pollen can be stored for 1-2 years if kept cool, dry and dark. Standards have been proposed for pollen, including limits on moisture content and minimum levels of proteins
Using Bee Glue for Health, Medicine & Perfume v2zq
This document provides a review of the composition, history, and health benefits of propolis. It discusses that propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used as a sealant in beehives. The composition of propolis depends on its botanical source, with poplar and Baccharis plants being common sources. Historically, propolis was used in ancient Egypt and by Greek, Roman, and medieval physicians for its medicinal properties. Modern research has identified hundreds of compounds in propolis and demonstrated broad anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects in cell and animal studies.
A Guide for Developing a Hygiene Promotion Program to Increase Handwashing wi...v2zq
This document provides a guide for developing large-scale national handwashing promotion programs. It lays out the experiences of the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap (PPPHW) which has brought together governments, donors, private sector partners, and organizations to promote handwashing on a mass scale. The guide covers laying the foundation for a national program, understanding target consumers through research, implementing promotion programs, and organizing public-private partnerships. It emphasizes the importance of handwashing in preventing diarrhea and respiratory infections, which are two leading causes of child mortality globally. Promoting handwashing with soap at key times can reduce diarrhea incidence by 42-47% and respiratory infections by 30%, making it
Big Batch Soap Making - A Guide for Making your own Soap v2zq
This document provides instructions for making large or "big batch" cold process soap. It discusses the advantages of big batch soap making such as being more cost effective and producing more consistent results. The document outlines the basic supplies needed, provides a sample recipe formulation for a 50 lb batch, and gives step-by-step instructions for scaling the recipe and mixing the master batch. It also discusses making and adjusting lye solutions, essential equipment, and sources for supplies to enable large scale soap production.
Detergents Toxics Link - Counting the Cost of Cleanlinessv2zq
This document discusses laundry detergents in India. It notes that detergents contain chemicals that can harm human health and the environment. The Indian government has not adequately addressed these issues through legislation. As a result, the detergent industry does little to reduce harmful chemicals or inform consumers without mandatory rules. The document provides details on the composition and effects of detergents, as well as the Bureau of Indian Standards' guidelines for eco-friendly detergents. However, no products on the market actually comply with these standards.
Development of Equipment for Making Homemade Laundry Soap v2zq
The document describes the development of equipment for homemade laundry soap production, including a pedal-powered soap mixer, mold, and cutting and stamping machines. Simple machines were designed and tested to enhance local soap production. The pedal-powered mixer allows soap to be properly mixed with little effort in minutes. The wooden mold can withstand hot soap temperatures without damage. The cutting and stamping machine facilitates faster, neater cutting and stamping of soap bars compared to manual methods. The soap produced was found to form good lather and feel fair on the skin. The soap making equipment assembly provides a cost-effective model for small-scale soap production businesses.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
The Toxic Truth about Sugar
1. OBITUARY Philip Lawley and the
discovery that DNA damage
can cause cancer p.36
LITERATURE How Charles
Dickens drew on science, but
left room for wonder p.32
NEUROSCIENCE The source of the
self is in the brain’s wiring,
not individual neurons p.31
ECOLOGY Komodo dragons and
elephants could reduce fire
risk in Australia p.30
The toxic truth about sugar
Added sweeteners pose dangers to health that justify controlling them like alcohol,
argue Robert H. Lustig, Laura A. Schmidt and Claire D. Brindis.
susceptible to non-communicable diseases;
80% of deaths attributable to them occur in
these countries.
Many people think that obesity is the
root cause of these diseases. But 20% of
obese people have normal metabolism and
L
ast September, the United Nations
declared that, for the first time in
human history, chronic non-commu-
nicable diseases such as heart disease, cancer
and diabetes pose a greater health burden
worldwide than do infectious diseases,
contributing to 35 million deaths annually.
This is not just a problem of the developed
world. Every country that has adopted the
Western diet — one dominated by low-cost,
highlyprocessedfood—haswitnessedrising
rates of obesity and related diseases. There
are now 30% more people who are obese
than who are undernourished. Economic
development means that the populations
of low- and middle-income countries
are living longer, and therefore are more
will have a normal lifespan. Conversely, up
to 40% of normal-weight people manifest
the diseases that constitute the meta-
bolic syndrome: diabetes, hypertension,
lipid problems, cardiovascular disease,
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer and
dementia. Obesity is not the cause; rather,
it is a marker for metabolic dysfunction,
which is even more prevalent.
The UN announcement targets tobacco,
alcohol and diet as the central risk factors
in non-communicable disease. Two of these
three—tobaccoandalcohol—areregulated
by governments to protect public health,
leaving one of the primary culprits behind
this worldwide health crisis unchecked.
Of course, regulating food is more
Summary
● Sugar consumption is linked to a rise
in non-communicable disease
● Sugar’s effects on the body can be
similar to those of alcohol
● Regulation could include tax, limiting
sales during school hours, and placing
age limits on purchasing
IllustrationbyMarkSmith
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COMMENT
2. complicated — food is required, whereas
tobacco and alcohol are non-essential con-
sumables. The key question is: what aspects
of the Western diet should be the focus of
intervention?
Denmark first chose, in October 2011,
to tax foods high in saturated fat, despite
the fact that most medical professionals no
longer believe that fat is the primary culprit.
But now, the country is considering taxing
sugar as well — a more plausible and defen-
siblestep.Indeed,ratherthanfocusingonfat
and salt — the current dietary ‘bogeymen’ of
the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
and the European Food Safety Authority —
we believe that attention should be turned to
‘added sugar’, defined as any sweetener con-
taining the molecule fructose that is added
to food in processing.
Over the past 50 years, consumption of
sugar has tripled worldwide. In the United
States, there is fierce controversy over the
pervasiveuseofoneparticularaddedsugar—
high-fructosecornsyrup(HFCS).Itismanu-
facturedfromcornsyrup(glucose),processed
to yield a roughly equal mixture of glucose
andfructose.Mostotherdevelopedcountries
eschewHFCS,relyingonnaturallyoccurring
sucroseasanaddedsugar,whichalsoconsists
of equal parts glucose and fructose.
Authorities consider sugar as ‘empty cal-
ories’ — but there is nothing empty about
these calories. A growing body of scientific
evidence shows that fructose can trigger
processes that lead to liver toxicity and a
host of other chronic diseases1
. A little is
not a problem, but a lot kills — slowly (see
‘Deadly effect’). If international bodies are
truly concerned about public health, they
must consider limiting fructose — and its
main delivery vehicles, the added sugars
HFCS and sucrose — which pose dangers
to individuals and to society as a whole.
No Ordinary Commodity
In 2003, social psychologist Thomas Babor
and his colleagues published a landmark
book called Alcohol: No Ordinary Commod-
ity, in which they established four criteria,
now largely accepted by the public-health
community, that justify the regulation of
alcohol — unavoidability (or pervasiveness
throughout society), toxicity, potential for
abuse and negative impact on society2
. Sugar
meets the same criteria, and we believe that
it similarly warrants some form of societal
intervention.
First, consider unavoidability. Evolu-
tionarily, sugar as fruit was available to
our ancestors for only a few months a year
(at harvest time), or as honey, which was
guarded by bees. But in recent years, sugar
has been added to virtually every processed
food, limiting consumer choice3
. Nature
made sugar hard to get; man made it easy.
In many parts of the world, people are
consuming an average of more than 500 cal-
ories per day from added sugar alone (see
‘The global sugar glut’).
Now, let’s consider toxicity. A growing
body of epidemiological and mechanistic
evidence argues that excessive sugar con-
sumption affects human health beyond
simply adding calories4
. Importantly, sugar
induces all of the diseases associated with
metabolicsyndrome1,5
.Thisincludes:hyper-
tension (fructose increases uric acid, which
raises blood pressure); high triglycerides
and insulin resistance through synthesis of
fat in the liver; diabetes from increased liver
glucose production
combined with insu-
lin resistance; and
the ageing process,
caused by damage to
lipids, proteins and
DNA through non-
enzymatic binding
of fructose to these
molecules. It can also
bearguedthatfructoseexertstoxiceffectson
the liver similar to those of alcohol1
. This is
no surprise, because alcohol is derived from
the fermentation of sugar. Some early stud-
ies have also linked sugar consumption to
human cancer and cognitive decline.
Sugar also has a clear potential for abuse.
Like tobacco and alcohol, it acts on the
brain to encourage subsequent intake.
There are now numerous studies examin-
ing the dependence-producing properties
of sugar in humans6
. Specifically, sugar
dampens the suppression of the hormone
ghrelin, which signals hunger to the brain.
It also interferes with the normal transport
and signalling of the hormone leptin, which
helps to produce the feeling of satiety. And
it reduces dopamine signalling in the brain’s
reward centre, thereby decreasing the pleas-
ure derived from food and compelling
the individual to consume more1,6
.
Finally, consider the negative effects
of sugar on society. Passive smoking and
drink-driving fatalities provided strong
arguments for tobacco and alcohol con-
trol, respectively. The long-term economic,
health-care and human costs of metabolic
syndrome place sugar overconsumption in
thesamecategory7
.TheUnitedStatesspends
$65 billion in lost productivity and $150 bil-
lion on health-care resources annually for
co-morbidities associated with metabolic
syndrome. Seventy-five per cent of all US
health-care dollars are now spent on treat-
ing these diseases and resultant disabilities.
Because 75% of military applicants are now
rejected for obesity-related reasons, the past
three US surgeons general and the chairman
of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff have declared
obesity a “threat to national security”.
How to Intervene
How can we reduce sugar consumption?
After all, sugar is natural. Sugar is a nutri-
ent. Sugar is pleasure. So is alcohol, but in
bothcases,toomuchofagoodthingistoxic.
Itmaybehelpfultolooktothemanygenera-
tionsofinternationalexperiencewithalcohol
and tobacco to find models that work8,9
. So
far,evidenceshowsthatindividuallyfocused
approaches, such as school-based interven-
tionsthatteachchildrenaboutdietandexer-
cise, demonstrate little efficacy. Conversely,
for both alcohol and tobacco, there is robust
evidence that gentle ‘supply side’ control
strategieswhichstopfarshortofall-outpro-
hibition — taxation, distribution controls,
age limits — lower both consumption of the
product and accompanying health harms.
Successfulinterventionsallshareacommon
end-point: curbing availability2,8,9
.
Taxing alcohol and tobacco products — in
the form of special excise duties, value added
taxes and sales taxes — are the most popular
Deadly effect
Excessive consumption of fructose can cause many of the same health problems as alcohol.
Chronic ethanol exposure Chronic fructose exposure
Hematologic disorders
Electrolyte abnormalities
Hypertension Hypertension (uric acid)
Cardiac dilatation
Cardiomyopathy Myocardial infarction (dyslipidemia, insulin
resistance)
Dyslipidemia Dyslipidemia (de novo lipogenesis)
Pancreatitis Pancreatitis (hypertriglyceridemia)
Obesity (insulin resistance) Obesity (insulin resistance)
Malnutrition Malnutrition (obesity)
Hepatic dysfunction (alcoholic steatohepatitis) Hepatic dysfunction (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Addiction Habituation, if not addiction
Source: ref. 1
“Sugaris
cheap,sugar
tastesgood,
andsugarsells,
socompanies
havelittle
incentiveto
change.”
2 8 | N A T URE | V O L 4 8 2 | 2 F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 2
COMMENT
3. and effective ways to reduce smoking and
drinking, and in turn, substance abuse and
related harms2
. Consequently, we propose
adding taxes to processed foods that contain
any form of added sugars, such as HFCS and
sucrose. This would include sweetened fizzy
drinks (soda) and other sugar-sweetened
beverages (for example, juice, sports drinks
and chocolate milk), and also sugared cereal.
Already, Canada and some European coun-
tries impose small additional taxes on some
sweetened foods. The United States is cur-
rently considering a penny-per-ounce soda
tax (about 34 cents per litre), which would
raise the price of a can of soda by 10–12
cents. Currently, each US citizen consumes
an average of 216 litres of soda per year, of
which 58% contains sugar; taxing at a penny
an ounce could provide annual revenues in
excess of $45 per capita (roughly $14 billion
per year); however, this would be unlikely
to reduce total consumption. Statistical
modelling suggests that the price would
have to double to significantly reduce soda
consumption — so a $1 can of soda should
cost $2 (ref. 10).
Other successful tobacco- and alcohol-
control strategies limit availability, such as
reducing the hours that retailers are open,
controlling the location and density of retail
markets and limiting who can legally pur-
chase the products2,9
. A reasonable parallel
for sugar would tighten licensing require-
ments on vending machines and snack bars
that sell sugary products in schools and
workplaces. Many schools have removed
soda and candy from vending machines, but
often replaced them with juice and sports
drinks, which also contain added sugar.
States could apply zoning ordinances to
control the number of fast-food outlets and
convenience stores in low-income commu-
nities, and especially around schools, while
providing incentives for the establishment of
grocery stores and farmer’s markets.
Another option would be to limit sales
during school operation, or to designate
an age limit (such as 17) for the purchase of
drinks with added sugar, particularly soda.
Indeed,parentsinSouthPhiladelphia,Penn-
sylvania, recently took this upon themselves
by lining up outside convenience stores and
blocking children from entering them after
school. Why couldn’t a public-health direc-
tive do the same?
The possible dream
Government-imposed regulations on
the marketing of alcohol to young people
havebeenquiteeffective,butthereisnosuch
approach to sugar-laden products. Even so,
thecityofSanFrancisco,California,recently
instituted a ban on including toys with
unhealthy meals such as some types of fast
food. A limit — or, ideally, ban — on televi-
sion commercials for products with added
sugarscouldfurtherprotectchildren’shealth.
Reduced fructose consumption could
also be fostered through changes in sub-
sidization. Promotion of healthy foods in
US low-income programmes, such as the
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program
for Women, Infants and Children and the
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Pro-
gram (also known as the food-stamps
programme) is an obvious place to start.
Unfortunately,thepetitionbyNewYorkCity
to remove soft drinks from the food-stamp
programme was denied by the USDA.
Ultimately, food producers and dis-
tributors must reduce the amount of sugar
added to foods. But sugar is cheap, sugar
tastes good, and sugar sells, so companies
have little incentive to change. Although
one institution alone can’t turn this jug-
gernaut around, the US Food and Drug
Administration could “set the table” for
change8
. To start, it should consider remov-
ing fructose from the Generally Regarded
as Safe (GRAS) list, which allows food
manufacturers to add unlimited amounts to
any food. Opponents will argue that other
nutrients on the GRAS list, such as iron and
vitamins A and D, can also be toxic when
over-consumed. However, unlike sugar,
these substances have no abuse potential.
Removal from the GRAS list would send a
powerful signal to the European Food Safety
Authority and the rest of the world.
Regulating sugar will not be easy —
particularly in the ‘emerging markets’ of
developing countries where soft drinks
are often cheaper than potable water or
milk. We recognize that societal interven-
tion to reduce the supply and demand for
sugar faces an uphill political battle against
a powerful sugar lobby, and will require
active engagement from all stakeholders.
Still, the food industry knows that it has
a problem — even vigorous lobbying by
fast-food companies couldn’t defeat the
toy ban in San Francisco. With enough
clamour for change, tectonic shifts in
policy become possible. Take, for instance,
bans on smoking in public places and the
use of designated drivers, not to mention
airbags in cars and condom dispensers in
public bathrooms. These simple measures
— which have all been on the battleground
of American politics — are now taken for
granted as essential tools for our public
health and wellbeing. It’s time to turn our
attention to sugar. ■
Robert H. Lustig is in the Department
of Pediatrics and the Center for Obesity
Assessment, Study and Treatment at the
University of California, San Francisco,
California 94143, USA. Laura A. Schmidt
and Claire D. Brindis are at the Clinical
and Translational Science Institute and
the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy
Studies, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94118, USA.
e-mail: rlustig@peds.ucsf.edu
1. Lustig, R. H. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 110, 1307–1321
(2010).
2. Babor, T. et al. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity:
Research and Public Policy (Oxford Univ. Press,
2003).
3. Vio, F. & Uauy, R. in Food Policy for Developing
Countries: Case Studies (eds Pinstrup-Andersen,
P. & Cheng, F.) No. 9-5 (2007); available at
http://go.nature.com/prjsk4
4. Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Diet,
Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
WHO Technical Report Series 916 (WHO; 2003).
5. Tappy, L., Lê, K. A., Tran, C, & Paquot, N. Nutrition
26, 1044–1049 (2010).
6. Garber, A. K. & Lustig, R. H. Curr. Drug Abuse Rev.
4, 146–162 (2011).
7. Finkelstein, E. A., Fiebelkorn, I. C. & Wang, G.
Health Aff. W3 (suppl.), 219–226 (2003).
8. Engelhard, C. L., Garson, A. Jr & Dorn, S.
Reducing Obesity: Policy Strategies from the
Tobacco Wars (Urban Institute, 2009); available
at http://go.nature.com/w4o5uk
9. Room, R., Schmidt, L. A., Rehm, J. & Mäkela P. Br.
Med. J. 337, a2364 (2008).
10. Sturm, R., Powell L. M., Chriqui, J. F. & Chaloupka,
F. J. Health Aff. 29, 1052–1058 (2010).
THE GLOBAL SUGAR GLUT
Global sugar supply (in the form of sugar and sugar crops, excluding fruit
and wine) expressed as calories per person per day, for the year 2007.
>600
Calories per
person per day
500–600
400–500
300–400
200–300
100–200
<100
No data
Source:FAO
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COMMENT