Yunasko is a developer and licensor of advanced supercapacitor and hybrid supercapacitor-battery technologies. The document summarizes Yunasko's technology achievements including types of capacitor systems developed, current technology specifications showing energy and power densities, and challenges. It provides an overview of Yunasko's supercapacitor cells and modules that have shown high power capability and low heat generation in testing. Yunasko continues research into areas like high temperature electrolytes and nanoporous carbon materials to further improve performance.

1. Yunasko achievements in supercapacitor
and hybrid (supercabattery) technologies
Yurii Maletin, Chief Scientist
NEST Supercapacitor Workshop
Frankfurt, 14-15 October 2014

2. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Types of capacitor systems
EDLC
(C-C supercapacitor)
AC AC
AC Oxide/graphite
Oxide + AC Oxide + AC
Asymmetric hybrid
(internal serial)
Symmetric hybrid
(internal parallel)

3. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Number of SC Manufacturers by Time
SC technology does not obey Moore's law :-)

4. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
SC Developers&Manufactures by Country
(from Shmuel De-Leon Energy analysis, 2014)
Australia – 1
Canada – 1
China – 16
Estonia – 1
France – 2
Germany – 1
Israel – 3
Japan – 14
Russia – 3
South Korea – 9
Taiwan – 6
Ukraine – 3
UK – 1
USA - 26
Total: 87
To the best of my memory:
10-12 years ago there were about 20 D&M
throughout the world (and no one in China)

5. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Current technology achievements
(best on the market)
Сapacitance,
F
Rated
voltage,
V
RC-constant
(time response),
s
Energy density,
(E=0.5CU2/R×m)
Wh/kg
Power density,
(0.12U2/R×m),
kW/kg
C-C supercapacitor cells
1000-3400 2.5-2.85 0.4-1.1 3.5-7.5 3.5-8.5
Asymmetric hybrid cells (C-NiO(OH))
N/A
16 or 32
(SAFT)
N/A ~2 ~1
Asymmetric hybrid cells (LIC)
1100-3300
3.8
(JM Energy)
N/A 10-14 ~5
!
NOTE: for hybrids the power density can be estimated roughly only,
and Ragone plots can give more reliable info (see below).

6. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Another approach to compare SC and batteries
(copied out Dr. John R. Miller presentation)

7. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Challenges and market expectations
• Larger energy density: up to, at least, 30-40 W.h/kg (Pb/acid level).
• Higher working voltage: at least 3 V.
• Even lower ESR resulting in higher power capability, higher efficiency
and improved safety.
• Increase in operating temperature: up to 100 °C (e.g., under the hood).
• Low electrolyte toxicity.
• Low cost… Low cost… Low cost… Low cost… ….

8. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Brief Yunasko technology description
1. Carbon/carbon (AC/AC) supercapacitors:
• commercially available nanoporous carbons as active electrode materials;
• organic electrolytes (mostly acetonitrile as a solvent);
• pouch-type casing of single cells (2.7V, 400… 3000F);
• Al box casing of modules (16V, 48V).
What differs Yunasko SC technology from others:
• we have analysed and reduced all the contributions to SC inner resistance,
in particular, the contact resistance at the active electrode layer - Al current
collector interface and the electrolyte in-pore resistance;
• we have developed electrochemical and NMR techniques to best match
positive and negative electrode materials with organic electrolytes;
• as a result we have significantly increased the power capability and
efficiency of SC devices.

9. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
YUNASKO SC cells and combined module
(Li-­‐ion
ba*ery
and
SC
stack
connected
in
parallel
are
inside)
Module:
14
V
Max.current:
1200
A
Mass:
2.8
kg
Single
cells:
480
F
1200
F
(250
g;
ESR
<
0.1
mΩ)
1500
F

10. Recent Yunasko SC modules
48
V,
165
F:
Max
surge
voltage:
52
V
DC
pulse
resistance:
4.1
mΩ
Mass:
13
kg
equipped
with
a
proprietary
voltage
balancing
system
and
temperature
sensor
Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids

11. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Recent Yunasko SC modules
16
V,
200
F:
Max
surge
voltage:
18
V
DC
pulse
resistance:
<
1
mΩ
Mass:
2.5
kg
equipped
with
a
proprietary
voltage
balancing
system
and
temperature
sensor

12. Yunasko competitive advantage:
low heat generation
basic
city
duty
cycle
ΔT:
cells
in
the
centre
cells
at
the
edge
Time,
s
16V module: continuous cycling over 8 hours
V
A,
charge
A,
discharge
Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids

13. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Brief Yunasko technology description
2. Hybrid devices:
• mixture of Li-intercalated metal oxide and nanoporous carbon as active
materials in BOTH electrodes;
• organic electrolytes (mostly, acetonitrile as a solvent);
• pouch-type casing of prototype cells (2.8V, 1.3 A.h).
What differs YUNASKO hybrid technology from others:
• both positive and negative electrodes are hybridized;
• potential ranges and energy/power capabilities of metal oxide and
carbon components are thoroughly matched;
• as a result we have significantly increased the energy density keeping
at the same time the high power capability and efficiency.

14. Hybrids: constant current charge/discharge
20 A 50 A 100 A 200 A 300 A
0 400 800 1200
2,8
2,4
2,0
1,6
1,2
Voltage, V
Capacity, mAh
Hybrid cell:
75 g, 1.2 A.h
Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids

15. Hybrids: constant power discharge
0 400 800 1200
2,8
2,4
2,0
1,6
1,2
Voltage, V
Capacity, mAh
50 W
150 W
250 W
350 W
400 W
500 W
Hybrid cell:
75 g, 1.2 A.h
Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids

16. Hybrid cell: temperature/C-rate performance
100
80
60
40
20
0
25 0C 50 0C
1 C
20 C
50 C
-40 -20 0 20 40 60
Discharge capacity, %
t, 0C
-30 0C
Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids

17. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Nail penetration test
(safety of Yunasko technology)

18. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Nail penetration test: SC cell
(voltage and temperature change)

19. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Nail penetration test: hybrid cell
(voltage and temperature change)

20. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Yunasko devices: test results
С,
F or A.h
Rated
voltage,
V
DC
resistance,
mΩ
Energy density,
Wh/kg
Power density,
(0.12U2/ESR×m),
kW/kg
m,
kg
POWER CELLS
480 F 2.7 0.25 4.9 35.0 0.10
1200 F 2.7 0.10 4.9 35.0 0.25
ENERGY CELLS
3000 F 2.7 0.17 6.7 11.4 0.45
HYBRID CELLS
1.3 A.h 2.8 1.0 37 11.3 0.083
0.76
0.48
6.5
3.8
72
POWER MODULE
200 F 16 1.0 2.8 12.3 2.5
0.33
0.50
6.7
3.7
168
ENERGY MODULE
165 F 48 4.0 3.9 5.1 13.5
!
a)
Cells
and
modules
were
tested
in
the
InsWtute
of
TransportaWon
Studies,
UC
Davis,
CA;
in
JME,
Cleveland,
OH;
in
Wayne
State
University,
Detroit,
MI;
and
also
by
some
EU
car
producers.
b)
Modules
are
equipped
with
a
proprietary
voltage
balancing
system
(patent
pending).

21. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Comparison of hybrid devices: Ragone plot
Yunasko hybrid was also tested
in the ITS, UC Davis
JM Energy plot as found on
the company site

22. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Plot of cycle number vs. the energy density
(in logarithmic scale)
logN
logE
EDLC
JM Energy
YUN-H
Li-ion

23. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
YUNASKO background and prospects
Principal researchers participate in various supercapacitor
projects since 1989
YUNASKO Ltd: registered in the UK since 2010. Today the
company is a developer and licensor of the most advanced
supercapacitor technology.
Subsidiaries:
YUNASKO-Ukraine: R&D, Design Bureau and Pilot Plant since 2010
YUNASKO-Latvia: industrial scale production will start in 2015
(For more information see: www.yunasko.com )

24. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
R&D cooperation
MTS Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA www.mts.com
Yo-Engineering (now: TEEMP), Russia www.yo-engineering.ru
Two of the biggest EU car makers (under NDA).
JME Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA jmecapacitor@att.net
Institute of Transportation Studies, Davis, CA, USA
afburke@ucdavis.edu
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA corrigan@wayne.edu
Custom Cell / Fraunhofer Institute, Germany www.customcells.de
ALSO: a production partner in China (under NDA)

25. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Some results of cooperation
• A partner in China is close to launching industrial scale production of
SC modules (under NDA).
• STCU project #5500 “Development and design of combined power
supply units based on nanosized electrode materials for space
applications”: supercapacitors can withstand high radiation levels,
even exceeding those typical for microsatellite orbits ( www.stcu.int )

26. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Some quotes on YUNASKO technology
BEST Battery Briefing – 29 July 2013:
"During the recent ECCAP Symposium at AABC-2013 in Strasbourg, (June 24-26) a
recognised specialist in the field of supercapacitor research - Dr. John Miller from
JME Inc. revealed testing results for the six key ultracapacitor producers, including a
market leader– Maxwell Technologies. The results showed substantial advantage of
YUNASKO technology over the closest analogues.”
Dr. Andrew F. Burke (Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis, USA):
“We have completed the testing of the two devices you sent me recently. The power
capability of both devices is remarkable. You must know something that others do
not.”
Dr. Dennis Corrigan (Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering, Wayne State
University, Detroit, USA):
“We have finished our test work on your cell and module and again the high power
capability is quite superlative. The instantaneous specific power capability greatly
exceeds any electrochemical cell I am aware of.”

27. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Yunasko today’s R&D portfolio
• High temperature (also low toxic, low cost) electrolytes – testing @100 °C is
currently in progress
• Nanoporous carbon modification – fine tuning the pore size and doping the
surface with N-heteroatoms
• Dry method for electrode production aimed at reducing the cost
• Hybrid systems of improved performance

28. Yunasko supercapacitors and hybrids
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to my colleagues in Yunasko R&D Lab, Design Bureau
and Pilot Plant
for their dedication and bright ideas
Many thanks to Dr. Andrew F. Burke (ITS), Dr. John R. Miller (JME),
and Dr. Dennis Corrigan (Wayne State University)
for their valuable help in SC testing and stimulating discussions
Participation in FP7 “Energy Caps” project
is very much acknowledged

29. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
and we are open to cooperation
Please visit us at: www.yunasko.com