Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,Amit Soni
Capacitor, Basic design and terminology, Supercapacitor, History of Supercapacitor
Classification of Supercapacitors, Electrical Double layer capacitors,Pseudocapacitor
Hybrid Capacitor, Basic Design, Construction, Working , Technology used, Why these substances used ?, Features, Comparison, Applications , Advantages & Disadvantages
state of art materials, comparison with batteries, fuel cells, applications
Super Capacitor by NITIN GUPTA
NITIN GUPTA,CEO/FOUNDER/OWNER at "TECH POINT"
Here's Channel Link
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE Our channel TECH POINT ..
FOLLOW US ON TWITTER:https://twitter.com/Nitin_TECHPOINT
Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/NitinGupta1054.Official.PSIT
Follow us on Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/nitingupta_official
SUBSCRIBE Our channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3XVydYG3oPVJeZscU4NIg?sub_confirmation=1
Ultracapacitors can be defined as a energy storage device that stores energy electrostatically by polarizing an electrolytic solution.
Unlike batteries no chemical reaction takes place when energy is being stored or discharged and so ultracapacitors can go through hundreds of thousands of charging cycles with no degradation.
Ultracapacitors are also known as double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,Amit Soni
Capacitor, Basic design and terminology, Supercapacitor, History of Supercapacitor
Classification of Supercapacitors, Electrical Double layer capacitors,Pseudocapacitor
Hybrid Capacitor, Basic Design, Construction, Working , Technology used, Why these substances used ?, Features, Comparison, Applications , Advantages & Disadvantages
state of art materials, comparison with batteries, fuel cells, applications
Super Capacitor by NITIN GUPTA
NITIN GUPTA,CEO/FOUNDER/OWNER at "TECH POINT"
Here's Channel Link
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE Our channel TECH POINT ..
FOLLOW US ON TWITTER:https://twitter.com/Nitin_TECHPOINT
Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/NitinGupta1054.Official.PSIT
Follow us on Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/nitingupta_official
SUBSCRIBE Our channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3XVydYG3oPVJeZscU4NIg?sub_confirmation=1
Ultracapacitors can be defined as a energy storage device that stores energy electrostatically by polarizing an electrolytic solution.
Unlike batteries no chemical reaction takes place when energy is being stored or discharged and so ultracapacitors can go through hundreds of thousands of charging cycles with no degradation.
Ultracapacitors are also known as double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors.
Ultracapacitor based energy storage system for hybrid and electric vehiclesAkshay Chandran
Ultracapacitors and its applications in energy storage in vehicles
and hybrid energy storage systems
contents
*Introduction
*Capacitors and Ultracapacitors
*Advantages of ultracapacitors
*Conventional ESS
*HESS(Hybrid Energy Storage Systems)
*Design and Working
*Operation of Proposed Systems
*Conclusion
Supercapacitors or EDLCs (i.e. electric double-layer capacitors) or ultra-capacitors are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives for the conventional and traditional battery sources. This brief overview focuses on the different types of supercapacitors, the relevant quantitative modeling areas and the future of supercapacitor research and development. Supercapacitors may emerge as the solution for many application-specific power systems. Especially, there has been great interest in developing supercapacitors for electric vehicle hybrid power systems, pulse power applications, as well as back-up and emergency power supplies. Because of their flexibility, however, supercapacitors can be adapted to serve in roles for which electrochemical batteries are not as well suited. Also, supercapacitors have some intrinsic characteristics that make them ideally suited to specialized roles and applications that complement the strengths of batteries. In particular, supercapacitors have great potential for applications that require a combination of high power, short charging time, high cycling stability and long shelf life. So, let’s just begin the innovative journey of these near future of life-long batteries that can charge up almost anything and everything within a few seconds!
A presentation as a part of coursework on Ultracapacitors, the modern electric energy storage devices with very high capacity and a low internal resistance.
Supercapacitors offer a promising alternative approach to meeting the increasing power demands of energy storage systems and electronic devices. With their high power density, ability to perform in extreme temperatures, and millions of charge-recharge cycle capabilities, supercapacitors can increase circuit performance and prolong the life of batteries. This can add value to the end-product and ultimately reduce the costs to the customer by reducing the amount of batteries needed and the frequency of the replacement of the batteries, which adds greatly to the environmental friendliness of the end-product as well.
Implementation Of A High-Efficiency, High-Lifetime, And Low-Cost Converter Us...irjes
This paper proposes a new converter for photovoltaic water pumping and treatment systems without
the use of storage elements. The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PV
solar energy. The use of this motor has the objective of presenting a better solution to the standard DC motor
water pumping system. The development is oriented to achieve a commercially viable solution and a market
friendly product. The converter topology is based on a Resonant Two Inductor Boost converter and a Threephase
Voltage Source inverter achieving 90% efficiency at a rated power of 210W.
Ultracapacitor based energy storage system for hybrid and electric vehiclesAkshay Chandran
Ultracapacitors and its applications in energy storage in vehicles
and hybrid energy storage systems
contents
*Introduction
*Capacitors and Ultracapacitors
*Advantages of ultracapacitors
*Conventional ESS
*HESS(Hybrid Energy Storage Systems)
*Design and Working
*Operation of Proposed Systems
*Conclusion
Supercapacitors or EDLCs (i.e. electric double-layer capacitors) or ultra-capacitors are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives for the conventional and traditional battery sources. This brief overview focuses on the different types of supercapacitors, the relevant quantitative modeling areas and the future of supercapacitor research and development. Supercapacitors may emerge as the solution for many application-specific power systems. Especially, there has been great interest in developing supercapacitors for electric vehicle hybrid power systems, pulse power applications, as well as back-up and emergency power supplies. Because of their flexibility, however, supercapacitors can be adapted to serve in roles for which electrochemical batteries are not as well suited. Also, supercapacitors have some intrinsic characteristics that make them ideally suited to specialized roles and applications that complement the strengths of batteries. In particular, supercapacitors have great potential for applications that require a combination of high power, short charging time, high cycling stability and long shelf life. So, let’s just begin the innovative journey of these near future of life-long batteries that can charge up almost anything and everything within a few seconds!
A presentation as a part of coursework on Ultracapacitors, the modern electric energy storage devices with very high capacity and a low internal resistance.
Supercapacitors offer a promising alternative approach to meeting the increasing power demands of energy storage systems and electronic devices. With their high power density, ability to perform in extreme temperatures, and millions of charge-recharge cycle capabilities, supercapacitors can increase circuit performance and prolong the life of batteries. This can add value to the end-product and ultimately reduce the costs to the customer by reducing the amount of batteries needed and the frequency of the replacement of the batteries, which adds greatly to the environmental friendliness of the end-product as well.
Implementation Of A High-Efficiency, High-Lifetime, And Low-Cost Converter Us...irjes
This paper proposes a new converter for photovoltaic water pumping and treatment systems without
the use of storage elements. The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PV
solar energy. The use of this motor has the objective of presenting a better solution to the standard DC motor
water pumping system. The development is oriented to achieve a commercially viable solution and a market
friendly product. The converter topology is based on a Resonant Two Inductor Boost converter and a Threephase
Voltage Source inverter achieving 90% efficiency at a rated power of 210W.
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
StarCompliance is a leading firm specializing in the recovery of stolen cryptocurrency. Our comprehensive services are designed to assist individuals and organizations in navigating the complex process of fraud reporting, investigation, and fund recovery. We combine cutting-edge technology with expert legal support to provide a robust solution for victims of crypto theft.
Our Services Include:
Reporting to Tracking Authorities:
We immediately notify all relevant centralized exchanges (CEX), decentralized exchanges (DEX), and wallet providers about the stolen cryptocurrency. This ensures that the stolen assets are flagged as scam transactions, making it impossible for the thief to use them.
Assistance with Filing Police Reports:
We guide you through the process of filing a valid police report. Our support team provides detailed instructions on which police department to contact and helps you complete the necessary paperwork within the critical 72-hour window.
Launching the Refund Process:
Our team of experienced lawyers can initiate lawsuits on your behalf and represent you in various jurisdictions around the world. They work diligently to recover your stolen funds and ensure that justice is served.
At StarCompliance, we understand the urgency and stress involved in dealing with cryptocurrency theft. Our dedicated team works quickly and efficiently to provide you with the support and expertise needed to recover your assets. Trust us to be your partner in navigating the complexities of the crypto world and safeguarding your investments.
Show drafts
volume_up
Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
3. History of the Supercapacitor
3
NEC
Supercapacitor
In 1740, Ewald Georg von Kleist
constructed the first capacitor.
In the same year Pieter von
Musschenboek invented the Leyden
Jar.
Ben Franklin soon found out a flat
piece of glass can be used in place
of the jar model.
The Electric Double Layer
Capacitor effect was first noticed
in 1957 by General Electric.
Standard Oil of Ohio re-discovered
this effect in 1966.
Standard Oil of Ohio gave the
licensing to NEC, which in 1978
marketed the product as a
“supercapacitor”.
4. What is Supercapacitors?
4
Supercapacitors perform mid-way
between conventional capacitors
and electrochemical cells
(batteries).
Fast Charge and Fast Discharge Capability (seconds)
High Power Density (>2kW/kg),
Lower energy than a battery
Highly reversible process, >500,000’s of cycles Wider Operating Temperature (-40℃ ~ 70℃)
Eco-friendly and safe
5. 5
Supercapacitors vs Batteries
Supercapacitor Battery
Available
Performance
Supercapacitor
Charge/Discharge Time 0.3 to 30 s
Energy Storage W-Sec of energy
Energy (Wh/kg) 1 to 10
Cycle Life >500,000
Specific Power (W/kg) <10,000
Charge/discharge
efficiency
0.85 to 0.98
Available
Performance
Battery
Charge/Discharge Time 0.5 to 10 hrs
Energy Storage W-Hr of energy
Energy (Wh/kg) 8 to 700
Cycle Life <1,500
Specific Power (W/kg) <1000
Charge/discharge efficiency
0.7 to 0.85
6. Supercapacitors vs Batteries
6
1
2
3
4
Supercapacitors
Lead-acid AGM battery
Nickel–metal hydride battery
Lithium-ion battery
Which one?
0
1
2
3
4
Efficiency
Self Discharge
Availability
Cycle Stability
Energy Density
Power Density
Energy Cost
Power Cost
System Cost
Safety
Recycling
Environment
Temperature Range
Charge Acceptance
Supercapacitors Pb-AGM batteries NiMH batteries Li Ion batteries
www.maxwell.com
Ragone plot
P. Simon and Y. Gogotsi, Nat. Mater., 2008, 7, 845–854
10. Supercapacitor applications
10
1
3
4
2
1
2
3
1
4
Solar Energy
Digital Camera
Audio Player
Flashlight
Road Sign
Wind Mill – Solar Tracking
Electric Car – Golf Car
UPS
Motor Starter
Controller
Power
Power
Support
Memory
Back-up
Energy
Storage
4 Robot
2 Hybrid Car
3 Smart Meter
5 Copy Machine
Digital Camera
3
Wireless Device
1
Mobile Phone
2
4
Solar Watch
5
Remote Control
12. 12
Optimizing your
system design
✓You can combine an supercapacitor and a battery to optimizing your
system design.
✓The high power pulses are provided by the supercapacitor, while the
large energy requirement is provided by the battery.
13. NEC/TOKIN hybrid system
13
Supercapacitor is connected in parallel to Dry battery
379
673 (80% increase)
Without Supercapacitor
With Supercapacitor
Operating life (Number of photos)
14. Rockster R1100DE hybrid rock crusher
14
Power peaks are smooth by
supercapacitors.
The fuel consumption is reduced and through
the use of virtually maintenance-free electric
motors also maintenance costs are
minimized.
With this technology you can save up to
16,000 liters (20,800$ if Diesel = $1.30 /ltr) of
diesel annually.
16. Cat hybrid system
Caterpillar 6120B H FS hybrid Mining Shovel
16
www.cat.com
• 1400 Tons
• Bucket volume 46 to 65 m3 (size depends on material density)
• Internal combustion engine power 4500 hp (3360 kW)
• Machine power 8,000 hp (using IC engine + energy storage)
• 48 MJ capacitor energy storage (4700 cells each rated at 3000 F, 2.7 V)
• Cut fuel cost per ton by at least 25%
17. Hybrid Rubber Tired Gantry Crane (RTGC)
TCM corporation
17
• 7 MJ Capacitor
• 38 % Fuel Saving / Significant Emission Reduction
Capacitor Storage
T. Furukawa: DLCAP energy storage system multiple application, Proc. Adv. Capacitor World Summit, San Diego (2006)
18. Ar Vag Tredan (Electric boat)
18
• Electric passenger ship, powered by supercapacitor, operated in the harbor of Lorient.
• Passenger capacity: 147
• Absence of CO2 emission, noise and vibration
• Recyclable materials
• 25 m² of photovoltaic panels supply the entire low voltage network (lighting of navigation and remote control
equipment)
• Cruise speed: 10 knots
www.enerzine.com
19. CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive
19
Electric bus with the fastest charging time in the world (10 sec ) Charging takes 30 sec and can power the train for 2 km
20. Shanghai Sunwin Bus Corporation
20
SWB6121SC
SWB6121EV2
www.sunwinbus.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3rg-SsPJuU
21. Business Case for Battery Hybridization
21
Example: 40,000 lb city transit bus
• 33 mph velocity: 2 MJ → 0.56 kWh of kinetic energy (1kWh = 3.6MJ)
• Value electrical energy at $0.15/kWh
• Thus bus kinetic energy worth 0.56 x $0.15 = 8¢
• Assume round trip efficiency ~50% (value of energy 4¢)
• Assume 1000 stop cycles/day with 330 days/year operation
• Annual energy savings = 1000 x 330 x 4¢ = $13.200
• 3 MJ battery storage cells cost ≈ $750
• Battery storage system life ~2
Supercapacitor
75% ~6¢
6¢ $20,000
Supercapacitor $10,000
>> 4 years
• Saving after 2 years = (2 x $13.200) - $750 = $25,650
Supercapacitor
6 (6 x $20,000) - $10,000 = $110,000
In 6 year = $76,950
22. 22
Concluding remarks
Summary
1
2
3
4
Supercapacitor have very attractive features
• High cycle life
• Excellent reliability
• Maintenance-free operation
• Wide Operating Temperature
Supercapacitor technology has lower life-cycle cost compare to
Battery technology
Supercapacitor shows good potential in Power, Power support,
Energy storage and Memory Back-up application
23. thanks
F O R Y O U R P A T I E N C E
dankie
ngiyabonga
ありがとう 감사합니다
gracias merci grazie
спасибо
谢谢
متشکرم
ً
شکرا
danke
תודה
eυχαριστώ
27. 27
3D Simulation of supercapacitor
Three dimension (3D) modelling of supercapacitors (SCs) has been
investigated for the first time to have a better understanding and
study the effect of each parameter on the final electrochemical
results.
Making supercapacitors
Making a new material that has great potential for high performance
electrode in energy storage applications.
Investigate effect of radiation
Study the effect of radiation dose on the electrochemical performance
of activated carbon-based supercapacitor.
3D Simulation of
supercapacitor
Making supercapacitors
Investigate effect of radiation
Using supercapacitor in real application
Investigates the benefits that supercapacitors bring to existing
systems.
Using supercapacitor in real application
28. 28
3D Simulation of supercapacitor
Three dimension (3D) modelling of supercapacitors (SCs) has been
investigated for the first time to have a better understanding and
study the effect of each parameter on the final electrochemical
results.
Making supercapacitors
Making a new material that has great potential for high performance
electrode in energy storage applications.
Investigate effect of radiation
Study the effect of radiation dose on the electrochemical performance
of activated carbon-based supercapacitor.
3D Simulation of
supercapacitor
Making supercapacitors
Investigate effect of radiation
Using supercapacitor in real application
Investigates the benefits that supercapacitors bring to existing
systems.
Using supercapacitor in real application
29. 3D Simulation of supercapacitor
Three dimension modelling of the components in supercapacitors for proper understanding and contribution of each parameter to the final electrochemical performance
29
Most researchers have tried to
explain the EDLCs for ECs, however,
none of the reports clearly
explained effect and reflection of
each component on the final stored
energy.
The verification and confirmation of
the proposed model, was carried
out experimentally with activated
carbon-based materials in
laboratory.
we study and provide a deep
understanding of the electrical
behaviour of ECs and the effect of
each component to the final
electrochemical performance.
30. Existing model
30
RC circuit model Three branch RC circuit model Transmission line model
The model show a suitable
connection with experimental
results, however, the models have a
weakness taking into account that
the circuit components lack a
physical meaning.
The simple RC circuit model
cannot be used to probe porous
nature of the electrodes or show
the behaviour of EDLCs over a
frequency range accurately.
Mentioned model are incomplete models for actual ECs and
cannot be used to examine resistances of each parameter of
ECs (active material, electrolyte, separator and etc.)
individually and their focus is mostly on the EDLCs material.
R element presents resistance, L element presents inductance and C is the capacitor.
31. 31
Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs)
Resistance of the electrolyte (Re), Active materials resistance (RC), Membrane resistance (Rm), Leakage resistance (Rlk), Inductance (L) and Ideal capacitor behavior (C).
32. 32
Redox electrochemical capacitors (RECs)
Resistance of the electrolyte (Re), Active materials resistance (RC), Membrane resistance (Rm), Faradic part of material resistance (Rf), Leakage resistance (Rlk),
Inductance (L) and Ideal capacitor behavior (C)
35. Simulation Results
35
(a) EIS plot, (b) the phase angle versus frequency and (c) CV curves of simulation
a b c
Simulations in Matlab/Simulink is conducted using Simpower GUI. A saw tooth wave with the maximum voltage of 1 V and frequency of 0.01 is
used to charge and discharge the cell.
Re represents the resistance of the electrolyte, Rm is the resistance of membrane, Rc is a resistance of current collector and
electrode materials, Rlk is leakage resistance and Rct is the resistance of the Faradic part of the material
36. Laboratory results
36
(a) EIS plot, (b) the phase angle versus frequency and, (c) CV curves at scan rates of 20 mV s-1 of material in reality
37. 37
3D Simulation of supercapacitor
Three dimension (3D) modelling of supercapacitors (SCs) has been
investigated for the first time to have a better understanding and
study the effect of each parameter on the final electrochemical
results.
Making supercapacitors
Making a new material that has great potential for high performance
electrode in energy storage applications.
Investigate effect of radiation
Study the effect of radiation dose on the electrochemical performance
of activated carbon-based supercapacitor.
3D Simulation of
supercapacitor
Making supercapacitors
Investigate effect of radiation
Using supercapacitor in real application
Investigates the benefits that supercapacitors bring to existing
systems.
Using supercapacitor in real application
38. Making supercapacitors
38
Materials Electrolytes Design
Activated carbon (AC)
Activated expanded graphite (AEG)
Pinecone activated carbon (PAC)
Activated carbon/Manganese (AC/Mn)
Different Micro- and Mesopores Structure
ZnxCo3−xS4 Hybrid microstructures
MoS2
Aqueous
Organic Solvent Solutions
Ionic Liquids
Polymer and Gel Electrolytes
Normal Supercapacitor
Micro supercapacitor
Design
Electrolytes
Materials
39. Activated carbon from different sources
39
Sugar-based
Polymer-
based
Expandable Graphite-
based
Coconut-based
Polymer-based
Pinecone-based
40. Different design of supercapacitors
40
Normal
Supercapacitor
Micro supercapacitor
42. 42
3D Simulation of supercapacitor
Three dimension (3D) modelling of supercapacitors (SCs) has been
investigated for the first time to have a better understanding and
study the effect of each parameter on the final electrochemical
results.
Making supercapacitors
Making a new material that has great potential for high performance
electrode in energy storage applications.
Investigate effect of radiation
Study the effect of radiation dose on the electrochemical performance
of activated carbon-based supercapacitor.
3D Simulation of
supercapacitor
Making supercapacitors
Investigate effect of radiation
Using supercapacitor in real application
Investigates the benefits that supercapacitors bring to existing
systems.
Using supercapacitor in real application
44. Influence of microwave irradiation exposure on electrodes material
44
S i m p l e v e r y s m a l l e n e r g y
S a f e
S h o r t t i m e 3 4
2
1
45. 45
Low and high magnification SEM image of (a) and (b)
ACGF, (c) and (d) ACCNT, (e) and (f) ACEG
Before microwave irradiation
Low and high magnification SEM image of (a) and (b)
mACGF, (c) and (d) mACCNT, (e) and (f) mACEG
After microwave irradiation
Sample
Surface area
(m2/g)
Micropore
volume a
(cm3/g)
Pore diameter b
(nm)
mACGF 1163 0.400 2.65
ACGF 1124 0.388 2.8
mACCNT 930 0.232 3.06
ACCNT 1071 0.186 3.1
mACEG 1131 0.293 2.98
ACEG 627 0.177 29.8
Surface area, micropore, cumulative volume and pore size of the samples
+3.5
%
-13.1 %
+66.5 %
46. 46
(a) The comparison of CV curves in 6M KOH electrolytes at the scan rate of 20 mV s-1, (b) The comparison of the galvanostatic
charge/discharge curves at 0.5 A g-1and, (c) The Nyquist plots of different samples
(a) CV curves at scan rates from 5 to 100 m Vs-1 and, (b) the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves from 0.5 to 10 A g-1 for the mACEG
sample and, (c) the specific capacitance as function of the current density
(a) EIS plot and fitting curve, (b) the real and the imaginary part of the material capacitance as a function of frequency and, (c) Bode
phase angle of mACEG
17 %
128
%
47. Influence of electron irradiation exposure on full cell
47
Laplace DLTS spectra of the radiation-induced
E3 defect in GaAs
(n-type GaAs (doped to 1 x 1015 cm-3 with Si))
48. 48
(a) and (b) full and zoom part of CV curves at scan rates 20 m Vs-1 and,
(c) and (d) full and zoom part of galvanostatic charge/discharge curves
from 0.5 A g-1 of the PPAC cell during radiation and after radiation time
(a) Capacitance versus time, (b) normalized energy density versus
time, (c) EIS plot and (d) Bode phase angle of sample during
radiation and after radiation time
49. 49
3D Simulation of supercapacitor
Three dimension (3D) modelling of supercapacitors (SCs) has been
investigated for the first time to have a better understanding and
study the effect of each parameter on the final electrochemical
results.
Making supercapacitors
Making a new material that has great potential for high performance
electrode in energy storage applications.
Investigate effect of radiation
Study the effect of radiation dose on the electrochemical performance
of activated carbon-based supercapacitor.
3D Simulation of
supercapacitor
Making supercapacitors
Investigate effect of radiation
Using supercapacitor in real application
Investigates the benefits that supercapacitors bring to existing
systems.
Using supercapacitor in real application
50. Battery/Supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles
50
Hybrid Energy Storage System
On-board EMS
Power electronics
Electric vehicle
Motion controller
EV motion dynamics
52. Controller design
52
Speed tracking
Ensures dynamic response of the vehicle
Battery protection
Prolongs battery life, reduces costs
Control objectives
Current limits
SOC limits
Velocity limit
Constraints
Model predictive control
Ability to look-ahead
Constraints handling in the design
Receding horizon control procedure
Define
Solve
Implement
Control method
53. Simulation setup
53
Parameters
❑ The urban dynamometer driving
schedule
❑ The European extra urban driving
cycle
Driving cycles
battery → low frequency power
std(vr− v) = 0.56 m/s
max(|vr −v|) = 6.16 m/s
battery → low frequency power
std(vr− v) = 0.03 m/s
max(|vr −v|) = 1.21 m/s
UDDS results
54. EUDC results
54
battery → low frequency power
std(vr− v) = 0.09 m/s
max(|vr −v|) = 0.93 m/s
01
02
03
Battery supercapacitor HESS
Supercapacitors helps to reduce abrupt
charge/discharge of batteries
Has the advantage of both longer drive range and
better dynamic control
The MPC controller
Shown to be effective
Good speed tracking and power split control
Performance vs. driving cycle
The performance of the vehicle is directly affected by
the driving cycle
The smoother the speed profile, the better the control