The document discusses how Fascist Italy used the education system and youth groups to indoctrinate youth with fascist values and ideology. It explains that Benito Mussolini wanted to create a nation of devoted fascists and used schools, textbooks, and youth groups like the Balilla to spread fascist messaging to children and teenagers. While elementary education was more successfully influenced, higher education saw less direct government control. Youth groups were likely most effective at spreading fascist ideals through activities, uniforms, and oaths of loyalty, though enthusiasm waned over time. Overall, fascism made the most impact on those born between 1910-1930 who experienced fascist schooling and propaganda.

4. How will he create this nation of Fascists? The revolution Mussolini talked of was to be one of the spirit rather than a social and economic one. No intention to alter Italy’s basic social structure To become proud warriors of a great Italy, working hard to increase their country’s economic and military strength and devoted followers of their Duce Character of the Italian people was to be changed in which a single leader , Mussolini, became the embodiment of the ideals of the masses. Develop the concept of a heroic DICTATORSHIP

5. Make list of values the fascists were trying to indoctrinate in youth.

6. What values were the fascists trying to indoctrinate in youth? Why do you think the Fascists chose 28 th October as the beginning of the regime, rather than 30 th October when Mussolini was appointed?

7. How does the History essay title differ from those that you are set?

9. Task: What values were the fascists trying to indoctrinate in youth? Write a paragraph

16. Summary

17. Task : How did the Fascists use schools and universities for propaganda purposes?

18. What role did Fascist youth movements play? Key words: ONB: Opera Nationale Balilla BALILLA This was the general term for all youth groups, and the particular name for the subgroup of 8-14 year olds. It was named after the legendary Genoese schoolboy who threw stones at the Austrian occupiers in 1746

22. Balilla wore black shirts, blue scarves, black tasselled caps and grey short trousers Avangardisti uniforms resembles adult Blackshirts. Also provided with miniature rifles and bayonets. At evening and weekend meetings, members joined together to sing popular fascist hymn 

23. Once the rival Catholic youth movement was banned and membership of Fascist youth movements made compulsory membership climbed over 8.5 million

24. Did Fascism win the hearts and minds of the young?