Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual practice originating in ancient India with the goal of attaining spiritual insight and tranquility. It is associated with meditative practices in several Eastern religions. Within Hinduism, yoga refers to one of six orthodox schools and is based on Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, focusing on Raja Yoga. Other yoga systems introduced in Hinduism include bhakti yoga, hatha yoga, and karma yoga. The word yoga means "to yoke" or unite, and someone who practices yoga intensely is called a yogi. The goals of yoga range from improving health to achieving moksha or liberation from rebirth.

1. Yoga-Introduction
Yoga (Sanskrit, Pāli: yóga) is a physical, mental, and spiritual discipline, originating
in ancient India. [1][2] The goal of yoga, or of the person practicing yoga, is the attainment of a
state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility.[3] The word is associated with meditative
practices in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.[4][5][6]
Within Hindu philosophy, the word yoga is used to refer to one of the six orthodox (āstika)
schools of Hindu philosophy.[7][8] Yoga in this sense is based on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali,
and is also known as Rāja Yoga to distinguish it from later schools.[9] Patanjali's system is
discussed and elaborated upon in many classical Hindu texts, and has also been influential
in Buddhism and Jainism. The Bhagavad Gita introduces distinctions such as Jnana Yoga ("yoga
based on knowledge") vs. Karma Yoga ("yoga based on action").
Other systems of philosophy introduced in Hinduism during the medieval period are bhakti yoga,
and hatha yoga.[10][11][12]
The Sanskrit word yoga has the literal meaning of "yoke", from a root yuj meaning to join, to
unite, or to attach. As a term for a system of abstract meditation or mental abstraction it was
introduced by Patañjali in the 2nd century BC. Someone who practices yoga or follows the yoga
philosophy with a high level of commitment is called a yogi or yogini.[13]
The goals of yoga are varied and range from improving health to achieving moksha.[14] Within
the Hindu monist schools of Advaita Vedanta,Shaivism and Jainism, the goal of yoga takes the
form of moksha, which is liberation from all worldly suffering and the cycle of birth and death
(samsara), at which point there is a realization of identity with the Supreme Brahman. In the
Mahabharata, the goal of yoga is variously described as entering the world of Brahma, as
Brahman, or as perceiving the Brahman or Ātman that pervades all things.[15] For
the bhakti schools ofVaishnavism, bhakti or service to Svayam Bhagavan itself may be the
ultimate goal of the yoga process, where the goal is to enjoy an eternal relationship
with Vishnu.[16]

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