2. Introduction
Oppressive acts or practices that curtail human
rights and obstruct the exercise of one’s free and
sovereign will be undemocratic practices. their
impacts can be gleaned from various factors.
3. One of the oldest areas where inequality,
exploitation and oppression exist is in gender or
sexual identity. Many traditional societies show
preference for male offspring and bequeath less
privileges and rights to the female children.
Gender
4. Gender Bias
refers to the prejudicial act or
attitude toward males or
females
Characterized by female rule or
female dominance, including women’s
control of property.
is where descent or lineage, birthright, and
social classification are traced through
maternal rather than paternal lines.
MATRIARCHAL
society
MATRILINEAL
society
PATRIARCHAL
society
demonstrates the same unequal
treatment between males and
females, this time, in favor of
males
5. Wealth distribution and poverty
T h e w i d e n i n g g a p b e t w e e n t h e r i c h a n d t h e
p o o r , t h e d i m i n i s h i n g n u m b e r o f t h e “ h a v e s ”
a n d t h e i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r o f t h e “ h a v e - n o t s ” ,
a n d t h e w i d e n i n g a r e a s o c c u p i e d b y t h e
h o m e l e s s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d .
6. Unless revoked by law, every citizen is entitled to exercise suffrage or
the right to vote people to whom he or she entrusts the authority to
govern. However, there are societies and governments that
discriminate against individuals and groups by virtue of ethnicity, race,
religion, and socioeconomic background.
Race relations, suffrage, and
political marginalization
7. Cultural Domination, representation, and
the politics of recognition.
The major cultural groups enjoy more government support and priority in terms
of development projects, higher representation in government and private
offices, bigger budgetary allocation, and more seats in the government. They
recieve full recognition of their identity . The opposite is experienced by those
delonging to cultural communities. A crisis of representation ensues from their
lack of representation and in other areas of society as well