PowerPoint presentation on the 125 - 200+mpg XR3 Hybrid three-wheel vehicle. Presentation delivered on September 18, 2008 at meeting of Arizona-Nevada Section of SAE. More info at: http://www.rqriley.com/xr3.htm
Hybrid vehicles use different engine cycles like the Atkinson cycle to improve efficiency over traditional Otto cycle engines. The Atkinson cycle provides higher efficiency through a smaller compression ratio and longer power stroke, though it sacrifices power. This lost power can be made up through an electric motor in a hybrid system. Modern hybrids also use variable valve timing and cylinder deactivation to further improve efficiency. During diagnosis of hybrid engines, procedures need to account for the idle-stop feature and electric motor involvement in engine operation to properly diagnose engine-related issues.
This document provides an overview of different types of hybrid vehicle systems. It discusses micro, mild, medium, full, and power hybrid categories based on the level of electric assistance. The main powertrain designs are series, parallel, and series-parallel. Series hybrids have no direct mechanical connection between the engine and wheels, parallel hybrids connect the engine and electric motor to the transmission, and series-parallel hybrids allow independent propulsion from either power source through a complex control system. The document provides examples and brief explanations of each hybrid type and design.
This document provides information on hybrid vehicle transmissions. It discusses how traditional transmissions use multiple gears to allow the internal combustion engine (ICE) to operate efficiently over a wide speed range. Hybrid vehicles often use modified conventional transmissions or continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) adapted for hybrid use. Some hybrids utilize a power-split device with two electric motors and a planetary gear set that provides infinitely variable gear ratios to blend torque from the ICE and electric motors. The document outlines the construction, operation, diagnostics and service of hybrid transmissions.
This document discusses hybrid engine technology. It defines a hybrid engine as having two power sources, with a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) combining an internal combustion engine and electric motor. There are three main hybrid powertrain types: parallel hybrids where both power sources directly power the wheels, series hybrids where only the electric motor powers the wheels and the engine charges the batteries, and series-parallel hybrids that can operate in either mode. Advancements allow hybrids to be more efficient in both urban and highway driving. The future expects more widespread adoption of hybrid vehicles in India.
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratioLiviu Giurca
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratio is an advanced engine concept which uses the conventional mechanism in an innovative configuration.
This document discusses hybrid vehicles. It defines a hybrid vehicle as one with two or more power sources, such as gasoline-electric. Hybrids optimize fuel efficiency by allowing the internal combustion engine to work efficiently while capturing braking energy. There are three main hybrid architectures: parallel, series, and power split. The power split design, seen in Toyota Prius, is a combination of series and parallel that optimizes power delivery. Hybrids improve fuel economy and reduce emissions but cost more upfront due to additional components like batteries.
The OPOC two-stroke engine developed by EcoMotors uses two opposing pistons within each cylinder that move in opposite directions. This design allows for increased efficiency over conventional two-stroke engines by enabling precise computerized control and reducing the number of parts. The OPOC engine provides advantages like higher power-to-weight ratio, ability to run on different fuels, and potential 45% increase in fuel efficiency when using multiple electrically-controlled engine modules. The key differences between OPOC and common two-stroke engines are the use of two pistons per cylinder instead of one and sensors/electrical components required for computerized control.
PowerPoint presentation on the 125 - 200+mpg XR3 Hybrid three-wheel vehicle. Presentation delivered on September 18, 2008 at meeting of Arizona-Nevada Section of SAE. More info at: http://www.rqriley.com/xr3.htm
Hybrid vehicles use different engine cycles like the Atkinson cycle to improve efficiency over traditional Otto cycle engines. The Atkinson cycle provides higher efficiency through a smaller compression ratio and longer power stroke, though it sacrifices power. This lost power can be made up through an electric motor in a hybrid system. Modern hybrids also use variable valve timing and cylinder deactivation to further improve efficiency. During diagnosis of hybrid engines, procedures need to account for the idle-stop feature and electric motor involvement in engine operation to properly diagnose engine-related issues.
This document provides an overview of different types of hybrid vehicle systems. It discusses micro, mild, medium, full, and power hybrid categories based on the level of electric assistance. The main powertrain designs are series, parallel, and series-parallel. Series hybrids have no direct mechanical connection between the engine and wheels, parallel hybrids connect the engine and electric motor to the transmission, and series-parallel hybrids allow independent propulsion from either power source through a complex control system. The document provides examples and brief explanations of each hybrid type and design.
This document provides information on hybrid vehicle transmissions. It discusses how traditional transmissions use multiple gears to allow the internal combustion engine (ICE) to operate efficiently over a wide speed range. Hybrid vehicles often use modified conventional transmissions or continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) adapted for hybrid use. Some hybrids utilize a power-split device with two electric motors and a planetary gear set that provides infinitely variable gear ratios to blend torque from the ICE and electric motors. The document outlines the construction, operation, diagnostics and service of hybrid transmissions.
This document discusses hybrid engine technology. It defines a hybrid engine as having two power sources, with a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) combining an internal combustion engine and electric motor. There are three main hybrid powertrain types: parallel hybrids where both power sources directly power the wheels, series hybrids where only the electric motor powers the wheels and the engine charges the batteries, and series-parallel hybrids that can operate in either mode. Advancements allow hybrids to be more efficient in both urban and highway driving. The future expects more widespread adoption of hybrid vehicles in India.
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratioLiviu Giurca
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratio is an advanced engine concept which uses the conventional mechanism in an innovative configuration.
This document discusses hybrid vehicles. It defines a hybrid vehicle as one with two or more power sources, such as gasoline-electric. Hybrids optimize fuel efficiency by allowing the internal combustion engine to work efficiently while capturing braking energy. There are three main hybrid architectures: parallel, series, and power split. The power split design, seen in Toyota Prius, is a combination of series and parallel that optimizes power delivery. Hybrids improve fuel economy and reduce emissions but cost more upfront due to additional components like batteries.
The OPOC two-stroke engine developed by EcoMotors uses two opposing pistons within each cylinder that move in opposite directions. This design allows for increased efficiency over conventional two-stroke engines by enabling precise computerized control and reducing the number of parts. The OPOC engine provides advantages like higher power-to-weight ratio, ability to run on different fuels, and potential 45% increase in fuel efficiency when using multiple electrically-controlled engine modules. The key differences between OPOC and common two-stroke engines are the use of two pistons per cylinder instead of one and sensors/electrical components required for computerized control.
The document summarizes a seminar on hybrid vehicles. Some key points include:
- Hybrid vehicles have benefits like high fuel efficiency, decreased emissions without fossil fuels, and regenerative braking. Examples include the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight.
- Hybrid vehicles systems include a thermal management system, hybrid power unit, traction motor, energy storage unit, and more. They use various lightweight materials.
- Potential energy storage options discussed include ultracapacitors, lead-acid batteries, flywheels, and fuel cells.
- Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy to drive the wheels, providing full torque at low speeds.
- Hybrids are improving emissions and could use recovered heat for cabin warming in winter
A detailed presentation about hybrid car and its motor drives.It helps you to understand more about HEV in detail.And also it contains all parts of HEV.
This document discusses diesel electric hybrid systems and trolley assist systems for locomotion. It describes how diesel electric hybrids work, with a diesel engine powering a generator which powers electric motors. This eliminates the need for a clutch and gearbox. Diesel electric hybrids are widely used in locomotives, mining trucks, ships, and other heavy duty applications due to their high torque and efficiency. The document also discusses trolley assist systems which provide additional electric power to diesel vehicles on slopes or when loaded to reduce fuel usage and increase productivity.
The document describes an innovative opposed piston engine concept called the Paul Engine that could achieve unprecedented levels of fuel efficiency and power density. Key aspects include using opposed pistons without a cylinder head to improve efficiency, utilizing high compression ratios and supercharging, and incorporating heat recovery from the exhaust and cooling systems. Experimental prototypes demonstrated efficiencies over 50% and power densities up to 600 kW/L. Further developments aim to adapt the concept for automotive and other applications through modifications like a four-stroke cycle and integrating heat recovery into a compact design. The innovations have the potential to revolutionize engine technology by substantially reducing fuel consumption, emissions, weight, and cost.
The opposed-piston opposed-cylinder (OPOC) engine developed by EcoMotors International addresses the need for reduced fossil fuel consumption and emissions in transportation. The OPOC engine is 30% lighter, one-quarter the size of a conventional turbo-diesel engine, and achieves 50% better fuel economy while providing increased power density, efficiency, and lower manufacturing complexity and cost. This breakthrough demonstrates the continued viability of internal combustion engines.
Ultra-compact VTOL aircraft- UVA for civil and military applicationsLiviu Giurca
The Ultra-compact VTOL aircraft- UVA is a design concept which explores a new lift system for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft. It is based upon two thrust units with Ventury effect potentially creating a vehicle with no external moving parts, reduced vehicle aerodynamic losses compared to previous VTOL technologies and substantially creating an induced lift even in static or quasi-static conditions.
The document discusses hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). HEVs use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to propel the vehicle. There are three main types of HEVs: series, parallel, and combined hybrids. Series hybrids use an engine to power a generator which charges a battery and powers an electric motor. Parallel hybrids have both an engine and motor connected to a transmission. Combined hybrids have features of both series and parallel hybrids, allowing power from the engine and motor. HEVs provide benefits like increased fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to gas-only vehicles.
Hybrid pneumatic engine with exhaust heat recoveryLiviu Giurca
The invention relates to a four-stoke hybrid pneumatic engine of the type ensuring energy recovery, which can be used for road motor vehicles or other transportation means with a view to reducing the fuel consumption and emissions which are deemed to cause the greenhouse effect. According to the invention, the hybrid pneumatic engine has a number of cylinders which are of the conventional type and at least one modified cylinder operating an active valve actuated by a mechatronic system.
This document provides an introduction to heat engines and classifications of internal combustion engines. It begins by defining heat engines as devices that convert the chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy and then mechanical work. Heat engines are divided into external combustion engines, where combustion occurs separately from the working fluid, and internal combustion engines, where combustion occurs inside the engine itself.
The document then classifies internal combustion engines based on their cycle of operation (Otto vs diesel), number of strokes, fuel and ignition type. Key internal combustion engine components like the cylinder, piston, valves and crankshaft are also defined. Comparisons are made between 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines as well as spark ignition and compression ignition engines in terms
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
The document provides information on the anatomy and systems of an automobile. It describes the basic components and layout of rear-wheel drive, four-wheel drive, and front-wheel drive vehicles. It also outlines the major systems in an automobile including the power train system (engine, fuel, intake, exhaust, cooling), running system (suspension, steering, braking), and comfort system. Additionally, it provides details on the engine itself including classifications, components, parameters, and supporting systems like fuel, intake, and exhaust.
A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor with an internal combustion engine to improve fuel efficiency. There are two main types of hybrid configurations - parallel and series. In a parallel hybrid, both the engine and electric motor can power the wheels directly. In a series hybrid, the engine charges the battery which powers the electric motor to turn the wheels. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles use hydrogen to power an electric motor, providing emissions-free propulsion. Driving at a constant speed, avoiding abrupt stops, and driving more slowly can improve the fuel efficiency of any hybrid vehicle.
There are four main powertrain configurations for vehicles: front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD), 4-wheel drive (4WD), and all-wheel drive (AWD). FWD vehicles have the engine mounted transversely and power the front wheels. RWD vehicles have an inline engine and power the rear wheels through a transmission and driveshaft. 4WD vehicles can power all four wheels either full-time or on demand. Vehicles can also have mid-mounted or rear-mounted engines.
The document discusses modelling and control of an aftermarket parallel hybrid electric vehicle. It defines a hybrid electric vehicle and describes the advantages of HEVs. It then details the specific parallel HEV configuration used in the research, which involves adding hybrid components to an existing diesel vehicle. The research aims to develop a robust controller for the parallel HEV and investigate the interactions between driver behavior and fuel consumption using an accurate HEV model.
This document provides training on automotive technology basics for dealer sales consultants. It aims to teach them the terminology and specifications used in sales materials so they can better explain vehicles to customers. The document covers systems in vehicles like the power train, running, and comfort systems. It also provides details on the anatomy of different automobile types. A large portion is dedicated to explaining the engine and its components, fuel system, intake system, and other supporting systems in depth. The goal is for sales consultants to have sufficient technical knowledge after the training.
A new innovative propulsion system is proposed for hybrid heavy vehicles. This system is based on a new engine concept as well as on a new dynamic charging system.
The document provides information about various components of an automobile. It discusses the chassis, axles, suspension system, tires, braking system, steering system, transmission system including the clutch, gearbox and propeller shaft. It also covers the engine, intake manifold, carburetor and different types of engines. The document categorizes automobiles and defines key terms like chassis, axle, suspension and others.
CALSTART Webinar Series: Achates Power on Opposed Piston Two Stroke Engines 4...CALSTART
This document discusses an opposed-piston, two-stroke diesel engine developed by Achates Power that can meet future fuel efficiency and emissions regulations. Achates Power was founded in 2004 to design cleaner, more efficient engines. Testing of their 1.6L single-cylinder engine showed indicated thermal efficiency of 53.2% and emissions performance within regulations. Modeling predicts their multi-cylinder heavy-duty engine can achieve up to 15% better fuel efficiency than conventional engines through design features like reduced heat transfer and optimized combustion. The document addresses how Achates has overcome historical challenges for this engine type through innovations in fuel injection and piston design.
A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor with an internal combustion engine or other propulsion source. There are two main types of hybrid configurations - parallel and series. Parallel hybrids allow both the engine and electric motor to power the vehicle directly, while series hybrids use the engine to charge the battery and the electric motor provides all propulsion. Hybrids provide benefits like improved fuel efficiency and emissions reductions compared to gas-only vehicles. As battery and motor technology advances, hybrids and electric vehicles are becoming more viable options.
The document discusses the key components of an automobile, including the basic structure, power unit, transmission system, auxiliaries, controls, and superstructure. It describes the frame, suspension system, axles, wheels, and tires that make up the basic structure. It then explains the different systems that transmit power from the engine to the wheels, including the transmission, drivetrain, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential. Finally, it briefly touches on the different body styles of automobiles like sedans, hatchbacks, coupes, convertibles, and station wagons.
This document is an operation manual for a FAW model CA5083XXYPK2L1A80 cab-over-engine diesel truck. The manual provides specifications for the vehicle including its dimensions, engine and transmission details, fuel and brake systems, and maintenance procedures. It aims to guide users in properly operating and maintaining the truck to maximize performance and service life.
The document discusses different types of diesel locomotives used on Indian Railways. It provides information on the introduction year, production numbers, specifications and characteristics of various locomotives models including YDM4, WDS6/AD, WDM2C, WDP1, WDG2/3A, WDP2, WDG4, and WDM3D. The key details provided for each locomotive include its installed power, axle load, wheel arrangement, maximum speed, fuel tank capacity, brake system and diesel engine/transmission components.
The document summarizes a seminar on hybrid vehicles. Some key points include:
- Hybrid vehicles have benefits like high fuel efficiency, decreased emissions without fossil fuels, and regenerative braking. Examples include the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight.
- Hybrid vehicles systems include a thermal management system, hybrid power unit, traction motor, energy storage unit, and more. They use various lightweight materials.
- Potential energy storage options discussed include ultracapacitors, lead-acid batteries, flywheels, and fuel cells.
- Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy to drive the wheels, providing full torque at low speeds.
- Hybrids are improving emissions and could use recovered heat for cabin warming in winter
A detailed presentation about hybrid car and its motor drives.It helps you to understand more about HEV in detail.And also it contains all parts of HEV.
This document discusses diesel electric hybrid systems and trolley assist systems for locomotion. It describes how diesel electric hybrids work, with a diesel engine powering a generator which powers electric motors. This eliminates the need for a clutch and gearbox. Diesel electric hybrids are widely used in locomotives, mining trucks, ships, and other heavy duty applications due to their high torque and efficiency. The document also discusses trolley assist systems which provide additional electric power to diesel vehicles on slopes or when loaded to reduce fuel usage and increase productivity.
The document describes an innovative opposed piston engine concept called the Paul Engine that could achieve unprecedented levels of fuel efficiency and power density. Key aspects include using opposed pistons without a cylinder head to improve efficiency, utilizing high compression ratios and supercharging, and incorporating heat recovery from the exhaust and cooling systems. Experimental prototypes demonstrated efficiencies over 50% and power densities up to 600 kW/L. Further developments aim to adapt the concept for automotive and other applications through modifications like a four-stroke cycle and integrating heat recovery into a compact design. The innovations have the potential to revolutionize engine technology by substantially reducing fuel consumption, emissions, weight, and cost.
The opposed-piston opposed-cylinder (OPOC) engine developed by EcoMotors International addresses the need for reduced fossil fuel consumption and emissions in transportation. The OPOC engine is 30% lighter, one-quarter the size of a conventional turbo-diesel engine, and achieves 50% better fuel economy while providing increased power density, efficiency, and lower manufacturing complexity and cost. This breakthrough demonstrates the continued viability of internal combustion engines.
Ultra-compact VTOL aircraft- UVA for civil and military applicationsLiviu Giurca
The Ultra-compact VTOL aircraft- UVA is a design concept which explores a new lift system for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft. It is based upon two thrust units with Ventury effect potentially creating a vehicle with no external moving parts, reduced vehicle aerodynamic losses compared to previous VTOL technologies and substantially creating an induced lift even in static or quasi-static conditions.
The document discusses hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). HEVs use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to propel the vehicle. There are three main types of HEVs: series, parallel, and combined hybrids. Series hybrids use an engine to power a generator which charges a battery and powers an electric motor. Parallel hybrids have both an engine and motor connected to a transmission. Combined hybrids have features of both series and parallel hybrids, allowing power from the engine and motor. HEVs provide benefits like increased fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to gas-only vehicles.
Hybrid pneumatic engine with exhaust heat recoveryLiviu Giurca
The invention relates to a four-stoke hybrid pneumatic engine of the type ensuring energy recovery, which can be used for road motor vehicles or other transportation means with a view to reducing the fuel consumption and emissions which are deemed to cause the greenhouse effect. According to the invention, the hybrid pneumatic engine has a number of cylinders which are of the conventional type and at least one modified cylinder operating an active valve actuated by a mechatronic system.
This document provides an introduction to heat engines and classifications of internal combustion engines. It begins by defining heat engines as devices that convert the chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy and then mechanical work. Heat engines are divided into external combustion engines, where combustion occurs separately from the working fluid, and internal combustion engines, where combustion occurs inside the engine itself.
The document then classifies internal combustion engines based on their cycle of operation (Otto vs diesel), number of strokes, fuel and ignition type. Key internal combustion engine components like the cylinder, piston, valves and crankshaft are also defined. Comparisons are made between 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines as well as spark ignition and compression ignition engines in terms
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
The document provides information on the anatomy and systems of an automobile. It describes the basic components and layout of rear-wheel drive, four-wheel drive, and front-wheel drive vehicles. It also outlines the major systems in an automobile including the power train system (engine, fuel, intake, exhaust, cooling), running system (suspension, steering, braking), and comfort system. Additionally, it provides details on the engine itself including classifications, components, parameters, and supporting systems like fuel, intake, and exhaust.
A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor with an internal combustion engine to improve fuel efficiency. There are two main types of hybrid configurations - parallel and series. In a parallel hybrid, both the engine and electric motor can power the wheels directly. In a series hybrid, the engine charges the battery which powers the electric motor to turn the wheels. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles use hydrogen to power an electric motor, providing emissions-free propulsion. Driving at a constant speed, avoiding abrupt stops, and driving more slowly can improve the fuel efficiency of any hybrid vehicle.
There are four main powertrain configurations for vehicles: front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD), 4-wheel drive (4WD), and all-wheel drive (AWD). FWD vehicles have the engine mounted transversely and power the front wheels. RWD vehicles have an inline engine and power the rear wheels through a transmission and driveshaft. 4WD vehicles can power all four wheels either full-time or on demand. Vehicles can also have mid-mounted or rear-mounted engines.
The document discusses modelling and control of an aftermarket parallel hybrid electric vehicle. It defines a hybrid electric vehicle and describes the advantages of HEVs. It then details the specific parallel HEV configuration used in the research, which involves adding hybrid components to an existing diesel vehicle. The research aims to develop a robust controller for the parallel HEV and investigate the interactions between driver behavior and fuel consumption using an accurate HEV model.
This document provides training on automotive technology basics for dealer sales consultants. It aims to teach them the terminology and specifications used in sales materials so they can better explain vehicles to customers. The document covers systems in vehicles like the power train, running, and comfort systems. It also provides details on the anatomy of different automobile types. A large portion is dedicated to explaining the engine and its components, fuel system, intake system, and other supporting systems in depth. The goal is for sales consultants to have sufficient technical knowledge after the training.
A new innovative propulsion system is proposed for hybrid heavy vehicles. This system is based on a new engine concept as well as on a new dynamic charging system.
The document provides information about various components of an automobile. It discusses the chassis, axles, suspension system, tires, braking system, steering system, transmission system including the clutch, gearbox and propeller shaft. It also covers the engine, intake manifold, carburetor and different types of engines. The document categorizes automobiles and defines key terms like chassis, axle, suspension and others.
CALSTART Webinar Series: Achates Power on Opposed Piston Two Stroke Engines 4...CALSTART
This document discusses an opposed-piston, two-stroke diesel engine developed by Achates Power that can meet future fuel efficiency and emissions regulations. Achates Power was founded in 2004 to design cleaner, more efficient engines. Testing of their 1.6L single-cylinder engine showed indicated thermal efficiency of 53.2% and emissions performance within regulations. Modeling predicts their multi-cylinder heavy-duty engine can achieve up to 15% better fuel efficiency than conventional engines through design features like reduced heat transfer and optimized combustion. The document addresses how Achates has overcome historical challenges for this engine type through innovations in fuel injection and piston design.
A hybrid electric vehicle combines an electric motor with an internal combustion engine or other propulsion source. There are two main types of hybrid configurations - parallel and series. Parallel hybrids allow both the engine and electric motor to power the vehicle directly, while series hybrids use the engine to charge the battery and the electric motor provides all propulsion. Hybrids provide benefits like improved fuel efficiency and emissions reductions compared to gas-only vehicles. As battery and motor technology advances, hybrids and electric vehicles are becoming more viable options.
The document discusses the key components of an automobile, including the basic structure, power unit, transmission system, auxiliaries, controls, and superstructure. It describes the frame, suspension system, axles, wheels, and tires that make up the basic structure. It then explains the different systems that transmit power from the engine to the wheels, including the transmission, drivetrain, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential. Finally, it briefly touches on the different body styles of automobiles like sedans, hatchbacks, coupes, convertibles, and station wagons.
This document is an operation manual for a FAW model CA5083XXYPK2L1A80 cab-over-engine diesel truck. The manual provides specifications for the vehicle including its dimensions, engine and transmission details, fuel and brake systems, and maintenance procedures. It aims to guide users in properly operating and maintaining the truck to maximize performance and service life.
The document discusses different types of diesel locomotives used on Indian Railways. It provides information on the introduction year, production numbers, specifications and characteristics of various locomotives models including YDM4, WDS6/AD, WDM2C, WDP1, WDG2/3A, WDP2, WDG4, and WDM3D. The key details provided for each locomotive include its installed power, axle load, wheel arrangement, maximum speed, fuel tank capacity, brake system and diesel engine/transmission components.
DLW, VARANASI training report for LNCT college indoreSANJEET KUMAR
Vaibhav Mishra completed an industrial training report at Diesel Locomotive Works in Varanasi, India. The report details his visits to the Truck Assembly Shop, Sheet Metal Shop, and Rotor Shop. It provides information on the locomotives and diesel generator sets manufactured at DLW, including their specifications. It also acknowledges those who supported and guided Vaibhav during his training.
The document summarizes a 15-day training program for 6 trainees conducted by The Calcutta Tramways Company at their Rajabazzar Depot. The trainees learned about various components of buses including engines, turbochargers, cooling systems, clutches, transmissions, brakes and wheels. They were trained on TATA 1512 and TATA 1618 buses by the depot's assistant engineer and foreman. The document provides specifications of the buses and diagrams explaining components like engines and clutches. It acknowledges the depot members for conducting the training.
The document provides an overview of the key components and systems of an automobile, including:
1. The chassis, engine, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, differential assembly, half shafts, suspension system, steering system, braking system, cooling system, lubricating system, and electrical system.
2. Descriptions of each system and their basic functions in propelling and operating the vehicle.
3. Classifications and examples of different types of components within each system, such as types of transmissions, clutches, suspensions, and more.
The document provides information about technical training for the MZ40 vehicle, including:
1. An introduction to the MZ40 vehicle, describing its origins and dimensions.
2. Details about the vehicle's identification number system and technical specifications.
3. An overview of the vehicle's engine, body electrical systems, transmission, and chassis components.
4. Configuration parameters and practice forms for vehicle introduction and field operation.
Fuso Trucks - Fv54 prime mover_tsh55_aLoganRHowell
This document provides specifications for two models of a 6x4 prime mover truck, the FV54JR, with either a standard or high roof. Key details include:
- The truck is powered by a 335kW diesel engine and automated 12-speed transmission, with a GVM of 24,000kg and GCM of 60,000kg.
- Standard features include air suspension, driver airbag, hill start assist, and ADR approved sleeper cab. Optional features include alloy wheels and limited slip differential.
- Dimensions and performance specifications are provided for key aspects of the vehicle.
This document provides an overview of the key components and systems of an automobile. It discusses the engine, including the internal combustion process and different engine types. It also describes the fuel system, transmission components like the clutch and gearbox, braking system including disc and drum brakes, and other systems such as steering, suspension, battery, and electrical components. The document aims to introduce the major mechanical parts that work together to power and control a vehicle.
Gives a general idea about the formula 1 championship and the history of the cars used in the championships. Helps to understand the aerodynamics of the f1 cars.
1) Formula 1 cars are the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by FIA, referred to as "the pinnacle of motor sports."
2) F1 cars can reach speeds up to 360 km/hr with engines revving up to 18,000 rpm. Races consist of driver and constructor championships.
3) Downforce is created through aerodynamic wings, pushing the car onto the track at high speeds. Components like specialized tires, energy recovery systems, and power units help the cars achieve their maximum performance.
The document provides information about an industrial training seminar held at Diesel Modernization Works (DMW) in Patiala, India. It discusses the history and objectives of DMW, which was established in 1981 to modernize locomotives. It then describes the various workshops at DMW, including those that manufacture, machine, and rebuild locomotive components like engine blocks, traction motors, and bogies. The document also includes details about the layout, components, and assembly process of diesel-electric locomotives. In summary, the seminar covered the modernization of locomotives at DMW through rebuilding and remanufacturing locomotive parts and systems in its various specialized workshops.
This document provides an overview of automobile engineering concepts. It discusses vehicle types, components, layouts, and performance. Some key points include:
- Types of automobiles include cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles based on factors like load, wheels, fuel used, and transmission.
- Vehicle components include the engine, chassis, frame, body, and suspension. Layouts depend on engine location like front, rear, or all-wheel drive.
- Engine performance is influenced by factors like taxable power, torque curves, and resistances like rolling, wind, and gradient resistance that determine the power needed.
- Vehicle bodies are designed for passenger or commercial use based on requirements like weight, space
The document discusses modern trends in internal combustion engines to make them more economical, environmentally friendly, and safer. It outlines technologies like direct fuel injection, variable valve timing and lift, turbocharging and supercharging, hybrid engines, and rotating liner engines. These technologies allow for more precise fuel delivery, improved engine efficiency, lower emissions, and enhanced performance. While alternative powertrains are emerging, internal combustion engines equipped with modern solutions will likely continue powering most vehicles.
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED.JHANSI LOCOMOTIVE PPTRavindra Rawat
This document provides information about a 4-week industrial training at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Jhansi, India. It discusses BHEL's diesel locomotive department and includes sections on diesel locomotive parts like the diesel engine, traction motors, pneumatic control systems, and bogie assembly. Diagrams show aspects like the layout of a diesel locomotive engine and its various components.
The 2008 Toyota Highlander Hybrid gets an estimated 29 mpg combined (31 mpg city/27 mpg highway). It uses an intelligent hybrid system called Hybrid Synergy Drive that selectively uses the gasoline engine and electric motors for optimal fuel efficiency. An electric control unit constantly monitors all vehicle systems to operate the hybrid system safely and efficiently. Additional technologies like regenerative braking and an electric all-wheel drive system further improve fuel efficiency.
This document discusses the classification and layout of automobiles. It categorizes vehicles based on factors such as load, number of wheels, fuel used, body style, transmission, drive, suspension system, engine position, and chassis type. Common passenger vehicle layouts include front-engine/front-wheel drive, front-engine/rear-wheel drive, and all-wheel drive. Components like the engine, drivetrain, and suspension are described along with their functions and materials. Methods of forced induction like turbocharging and supercharging are also introduced.
The document summarizes the evolution of Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit (DEMU) trains in India. It describes the key features and specifications of 700 HP, 1400 HP, and 1600 HP DEMU models introduced between 1994-2013. The newer 1600 HP AC-AC DEMU has IGBT technology, 3-phase AC transmission, stainless steel body, and increased passenger capacity compared to earlier DEMU designs. The document provides details about the diesel engines, alternators, traction systems including AC traction motors, and control systems used in Indian DEMU trains.
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6. ICE DRIVE & FRONT SUSPENSION Mounting Hard-Points (4 places) Kubota D902 Diesel Engine Stabilizer Bar also Serves as Locator Link For Lower Control Arms Air Spring Inflation Pressure Controls Ride Height & Accounts for Vehicles Having Weight Suspension Air Reservoir Shifter (Mounts to Tunnel Inside Cabin) Throttle/Mode Integrator
8. TUNNEL FRAME 3 Gallon Fuel Tank Li-Ion Battery (2) Bolt to Front Sub-Frame Using Urethane Vibration Isolator (4 places) Sheet Metal Skin Route Fuel Filler Through Here Rectangular Steel Frame
9. ELECTRIC DRIVE & SUSPENSION Trailing Arm Pivots on Jackshaft Axis Air Spring Varying Air Pressure Accounts for Weight of Different Power System Configurations Trailing Arm Internally Trussed Urethane Vibration Isolator 4 Places Motor Frame is a Structural Element of Rear Housing
10. ELECTRIC DRIVE Tight packaging allows the motor to serve as a structural element. INTEGRATOR/MODE CONTROL
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The slide shows the recently completed prototype of the XR3 – a self-financed in-house project. I’ll give a proper introduction of team members at the end. But briefly, I am the design team, Melissa Beckner did much of the SolidWorks modeling and layout for the manual, and Bill Beckner comprised half of the prototyping team. My wife, Galiya, did much of the image-setting for the manual, and as you’ll see later on, she filled in as a photographic model. The XR3 is a parallel hybrid using Li-Ion batteries and a 23 hp, three cylinder diesel engine. The diesel engine drives the two front wheels through a VW Beetle Type One transmission. And the electric motor drives the single rear wheel through a two-stage timing belt drive. So it’s an all-wheel-drive vehicle. I say “vehicle” because according to the Federal Uniform Vehicle Code, a three-wheel vehicle is a motorcycle. If it had four wheels, then I’d be calling it a “car.” Tonight I’ll provide a little background on the vehicle – why it exists – and I’ll give a technical overview. Feel free to ask questions, but I will leave time for questions at the end of the presentation.