At present, more and more areas in Romania are characterized by high temperatures
and low precipitation in the summer period. With an emphasis on water and energy conservation,
xeriscape is a creative landscape approach addressed to this purpose. Even under these
circumstances, the possibilities for arrangements of public green spaces or private gardens are
extremely varied. This paper provides information on this concept which constitutes a practical
and sustainable alternative in the design of gardens.
- The study examined intraspecific variation in water source use among 56 populations of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) grown in a common garden. Xylem and soil water samples were collected on three different dates representing wet and dry conditions.
- Stable isotope analysis found that most populations relied more on deep soil layers for water during seasonal summer droughts. Populations from more arid regions accessed deeper soil water even under mild drought conditions in early autumn, displaying geographic differentiation in water uptake patterns.
- However, preferential access to deep soil water was largely independent of aboveground growth. The findings highlight the adaptive relevance and plasticity of differential access to soil water pools among Aleppo pine populations as
Performance of Selected Native Plants under Deficit IrrigationFulvia52x
The study evaluated the response of eight native plant species to different irrigation regimes in Kuwait. The plants were subjected to three irrigation treatments: no stress (control), 50% moisture depletion, and 75% moisture depletion. Data on plant growth, biomass, water use efficiency, and crop water stress index were collected. The results showed that Rhanterium epapposum, Horwoodia dicksoniae, and Lycium shawii grew successfully with irrigation at 75% depletion. Nitraria retusa was also maintained at 75% depletion but needed no stress irrigation in summer. Farsetia aegyptia and Ochradenus baccatus required irrigation at 50% depletion, while Peganum harm
Landscape Design for Water Conservation - University of FloridaFarica46m
Landscape design can reduce water requirements through principles like natural landscaping and oasis landscaping. Additional methods include grouping plants by water needs, using mulches, selecting drought tolerant plants, and installing windbreaks. Proper plant selection based on the site characteristics and climate can reduce watering needs.
Water Efficient Practices for Saving Your Landscape - Texas A&MKaila694m
The document discusses water efficient landscaping practices for homeowners. It introduces the concept of Xeriscaping, which uses drought-tolerant plants and conservation techniques to reduce outdoor water usage by up to 50%. The principles of Xeriscaping include proper planning, soil improvement, plant selection, turf area placement, efficient irrigation, mulching, and maintenance. The document also recommends strategies for reducing lawn watering such as irrigation zoning, selecting drought-tolerant grass varieties, and proper mowing, fertilizing, and irrigation practices. Overall, the document promotes maintaining attractive landscapes while conserving water through Xeriscaping principles and good maintenance habits.
Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater by reed bed technology: A lo...IJERA Editor
Reed bed system for wastewater treatment has been proven to be effective and sustainable alternative for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Use of macrophytes to treat wastewater is also categorized in this method. This new approach is based on natural processes for the removal of different aquatic macrophytes such as floating, submerged and emergent. Macrophytes are assumed to be the main biological components of wetlands. These techniques are reported to be cost effective compared to other methods. Various contaminants like total suspended solids, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, and other contaminants have been minimized using aquatic microphytes. In this paper, role of these plant species, origin and their occurrence, ecological factors and their efficiency in reduction of different water contaminants have been presented.
This Journal of Environmental Horticulture article is repMikeEly930
This Journal of Environmental Horticulture article is reproduced with the consent of the Horticultural
Research Institute (HRI – www.hriresearch.org), which was established in 1962 as the research and
development affiliate of the American Nursery & Landscape Association (ANLA – http://www.anla.org).
HRI’s Mission:
To direct, fund, promote and communicate horticultural research, which increases the quality and value of
ornamental plants, improves the productivity and profitability of the nursery and landscape industry, and
protects and enhances the environment.
The use of any trade name in this article does not imply an endorsement of the equipment, product or
process named, nor any criticism of any similar products that are not mentioned.
Copyright, All Rights Reserved
This Journal of Environmental Horticulture article is reproduced with the consent of the Horticultural
Research Institute (HRI – www.hriresearch.org), which was established in 1962 as the research and
development affiliate of the American Nursery & Landscape Association (ANLA – http://www.anla.org).
HRI’s Mission:
To direct, fund, promote and communicate horticultural research, which increases the quality and value of
ornamental plants, improves the productivity and profitability of the nursery and landscape industry, and
protects and enhances the environment.
The use of any trade name in this article does not imply an endorsement of the equipment, product or
process named, nor any criticism of any similar products that are not mentioned.
Copyright, All Rights Reserved
239
Impact of Mulches on Landscape Plants and the
Environment — A Review1
Linda Chalker-Scott2
Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center
7612 Pioneer Way E., Puyallup, WA 98371
Abstract
Mulches provide aesthetic, economic and environmental benefits to urban landscapes. Mulching is especially useful in the establishment
of trees in landscapes that receive minimal care, such as restoration sites. In general, mulches improve soil health, creating healthy
populations of plants and associated animals. These biodiverse, stable landscapes are more resistant to stress, are more aesthetically
pleasing, require fewer applications of pesticides and fertilizers, and are ultimately more sustainable than those without mulch cover.
All mulches are not created equally, however, and this review compares the costs and benefits of landscape mulches as reported in the
scientific literature. It also presents real and perceived problems associated with various landscape mulches.
Key words: aesthetics, economics, inorganic mulch, living mulch, mulch management, organic mulch, pesticide reduction, plant
establishment, soil protection, urban landscapes.
Significance to the Nursery Industry
There is a vast array of mulch materials available for land-
scape use, benefiting plants and soil ...
This document provides information and guidance for selecting plant species for landscape design along Colorado roadways. It discusses developing a geographic plant selection dataset based on route mile markers and associated land attributes. A 10-step process is outlined for utilizing the database to select appropriate plant species for a specific site in Saguache County, focusing on meeting project goals of establishing a healthy and self-sustaining groundcover that shows limited evidence of past disturbance over time. A list of recommended plant species is provided based on the site's location and characteristics.
Plant height model for eucalyptus plantations for biodrainage useeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
- The study examined intraspecific variation in water source use among 56 populations of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) grown in a common garden. Xylem and soil water samples were collected on three different dates representing wet and dry conditions.
- Stable isotope analysis found that most populations relied more on deep soil layers for water during seasonal summer droughts. Populations from more arid regions accessed deeper soil water even under mild drought conditions in early autumn, displaying geographic differentiation in water uptake patterns.
- However, preferential access to deep soil water was largely independent of aboveground growth. The findings highlight the adaptive relevance and plasticity of differential access to soil water pools among Aleppo pine populations as
Performance of Selected Native Plants under Deficit IrrigationFulvia52x
The study evaluated the response of eight native plant species to different irrigation regimes in Kuwait. The plants were subjected to three irrigation treatments: no stress (control), 50% moisture depletion, and 75% moisture depletion. Data on plant growth, biomass, water use efficiency, and crop water stress index were collected. The results showed that Rhanterium epapposum, Horwoodia dicksoniae, and Lycium shawii grew successfully with irrigation at 75% depletion. Nitraria retusa was also maintained at 75% depletion but needed no stress irrigation in summer. Farsetia aegyptia and Ochradenus baccatus required irrigation at 50% depletion, while Peganum harm
Landscape Design for Water Conservation - University of FloridaFarica46m
Landscape design can reduce water requirements through principles like natural landscaping and oasis landscaping. Additional methods include grouping plants by water needs, using mulches, selecting drought tolerant plants, and installing windbreaks. Proper plant selection based on the site characteristics and climate can reduce watering needs.
Water Efficient Practices for Saving Your Landscape - Texas A&MKaila694m
The document discusses water efficient landscaping practices for homeowners. It introduces the concept of Xeriscaping, which uses drought-tolerant plants and conservation techniques to reduce outdoor water usage by up to 50%. The principles of Xeriscaping include proper planning, soil improvement, plant selection, turf area placement, efficient irrigation, mulching, and maintenance. The document also recommends strategies for reducing lawn watering such as irrigation zoning, selecting drought-tolerant grass varieties, and proper mowing, fertilizing, and irrigation practices. Overall, the document promotes maintaining attractive landscapes while conserving water through Xeriscaping principles and good maintenance habits.
Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater by reed bed technology: A lo...IJERA Editor
Reed bed system for wastewater treatment has been proven to be effective and sustainable alternative for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Use of macrophytes to treat wastewater is also categorized in this method. This new approach is based on natural processes for the removal of different aquatic macrophytes such as floating, submerged and emergent. Macrophytes are assumed to be the main biological components of wetlands. These techniques are reported to be cost effective compared to other methods. Various contaminants like total suspended solids, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, and other contaminants have been minimized using aquatic microphytes. In this paper, role of these plant species, origin and their occurrence, ecological factors and their efficiency in reduction of different water contaminants have been presented.
This Journal of Environmental Horticulture article is repMikeEly930
This Journal of Environmental Horticulture article is reproduced with the consent of the Horticultural
Research Institute (HRI – www.hriresearch.org), which was established in 1962 as the research and
development affiliate of the American Nursery & Landscape Association (ANLA – http://www.anla.org).
HRI’s Mission:
To direct, fund, promote and communicate horticultural research, which increases the quality and value of
ornamental plants, improves the productivity and profitability of the nursery and landscape industry, and
protects and enhances the environment.
The use of any trade name in this article does not imply an endorsement of the equipment, product or
process named, nor any criticism of any similar products that are not mentioned.
Copyright, All Rights Reserved
This Journal of Environmental Horticulture article is reproduced with the consent of the Horticultural
Research Institute (HRI – www.hriresearch.org), which was established in 1962 as the research and
development affiliate of the American Nursery & Landscape Association (ANLA – http://www.anla.org).
HRI’s Mission:
To direct, fund, promote and communicate horticultural research, which increases the quality and value of
ornamental plants, improves the productivity and profitability of the nursery and landscape industry, and
protects and enhances the environment.
The use of any trade name in this article does not imply an endorsement of the equipment, product or
process named, nor any criticism of any similar products that are not mentioned.
Copyright, All Rights Reserved
239
Impact of Mulches on Landscape Plants and the
Environment — A Review1
Linda Chalker-Scott2
Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center
7612 Pioneer Way E., Puyallup, WA 98371
Abstract
Mulches provide aesthetic, economic and environmental benefits to urban landscapes. Mulching is especially useful in the establishment
of trees in landscapes that receive minimal care, such as restoration sites. In general, mulches improve soil health, creating healthy
populations of plants and associated animals. These biodiverse, stable landscapes are more resistant to stress, are more aesthetically
pleasing, require fewer applications of pesticides and fertilizers, and are ultimately more sustainable than those without mulch cover.
All mulches are not created equally, however, and this review compares the costs and benefits of landscape mulches as reported in the
scientific literature. It also presents real and perceived problems associated with various landscape mulches.
Key words: aesthetics, economics, inorganic mulch, living mulch, mulch management, organic mulch, pesticide reduction, plant
establishment, soil protection, urban landscapes.
Significance to the Nursery Industry
There is a vast array of mulch materials available for land-
scape use, benefiting plants and soil ...
This document provides information and guidance for selecting plant species for landscape design along Colorado roadways. It discusses developing a geographic plant selection dataset based on route mile markers and associated land attributes. A 10-step process is outlined for utilizing the database to select appropriate plant species for a specific site in Saguache County, focusing on meeting project goals of establishing a healthy and self-sustaining groundcover that shows limited evidence of past disturbance over time. A list of recommended plant species is provided based on the site's location and characteristics.
Plant height model for eucalyptus plantations for biodrainage useeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document discusses ecoregional landscape design and how understanding ecosystem patterns within a region can inspire sustainable landscape designs. It explains that ecoregion maps divide areas into identifiable regions based on recurring ecosystem patterns. These patterns are linked to ecological and cultural processes. Ecoregional design applies this regional understanding to design in a way that maintains functional integrity, such as using native plants suited to the local climate and draining stormwater naturally. The document provides examples of how understanding a region's ecoregion can guide appropriate plant selection and landscape design.
Biological Measures for Rehabilitation of the Mined-Out Area in Dantewada, Ch...IRJET Journal
The document discusses biological measures for rehabilitation of mined-out areas in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, India. It recommends re-vegetation with native plant species suited to the climate and soil conditions, including various grasses, shrubs, and trees. Afforestation efforts should focus on slope stabilization and erosion control through mixed plantings. Indigenous species are preferred over exotic species to fully restore ecosystem functions.
Treatment Performance of Domestic Wastewater in a Tropical Constructed Wetlan...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by Jonah S Butler* *Fulbright Scholar, DILG-GTZ Affiliate in Philippines: For Environmental Science Study on Wastewater Treatment. (Email: Jonahsbutler@gmail.com) for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the impact of different soil water conditions on xylem anatomy, plant water status, stomatal conductance, and hydraulic conductivity in olive trees. Measurements were taken from trees under full irrigation, localized irrigation, and rain-fed conditions. All trees showed lower afternoon stomatal conductance compared to morning values. Irrigated trees maintained higher water potentials than rain-fed trees. Hydraulic conductivity was similar among treatments in the morning but tended to be lower for rain-fed trees in the afternoon. The soil water treatments did not influence xylem anatomy or vulnerability to embolism in the olive trees.
Natural resources management in dryland agriculture and importance of water m...Rajeev Tiwari
This PPT aims to provide the information about management of natural resources in dryland agriculture and the importance of water management in crop production.
Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form.
Any part of our natural materials that can be utilized to promote welfare, may be regarded as natural resources.
The management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL RESOURCES:
1. Field survey will enable us to know the kind and amount of available natural resources. For this purpose, GIS, GPS and remote sensing could be used.
2. The available resources should be conserved and utilized efficiently.
3. Technologies used to conserve and utilize natural resources should be eco-friendly, environmentally sound and economically viable.
4. Rainwater harvesting for replenishing groundwater and renovating the traditional sources of rainwater storage.
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DRYLAND:
1. sustainable water management: In-situ moisture conservation, Rainwater harvesting.
2. Sustainable soil management: Erosion control, desertification control, soil health maintenance, alternate use of different land.
3. Watershed management
4. Sustainable crop management: Cropping system, nutrient management, irrigation management, weed management.
5. Livestock management
6. Sustainable use of dryland biodiversity: Grassland improvement and management, Dryland trees and management, plants of medicinal and industrial values.
Gardening with Water - Waitakere, New ZealandFujita64g
This document discusses gardening techniques that reduce water usage. It provides information on choosing drought-resistant native and exotic plants, improving soil quality through mulching and composting, and practicing good lawn management. The document emphasizes using plants suited to a site's natural conditions to minimize watering needs once established. It also discusses managing irrigation systems and harvesting rainwater to supplement garden watering during dry periods. Overall, the document promotes gardening approaches that conserve water resources.
The role of Agroforestry in conserving soil and soil moisture in Nepalese con...Amit Chaudhary
Agroforestry plays an important role in conserving soil and soil moisture in Nepal. It improves soil cover, fertility, structure and moisture retention. Tree roots uptake nutrients and add organic matter through leaf litter. Hedgerows and trees on slopes effectively control soil erosion. Agroforestry systems increase soil organic carbon, nitrogen and water holding capacity compared to cropland. Nitrogen fixing trees enhance soil fertility. Overall, agroforestry benefits soil conservation when properly designed for the terrain in Nepal.
This document provides information about a social studies lesson plan for Class VIII on the topic of geography, land, soil, water, natural vegetation, and wildlife. It includes 4 learning periods that cover different objectives and activities. The objectives focus on understanding land use and distribution of population, causes of landslides and methods of soil conservation, availability and uses of water and methods of water conservation, and natural vegetation, wildlife, and their conservation.
The Green Fuse: Using Plants to Provide Ecosystem Services
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Urban Landscape Guide Manual - San Antonio, TexasFrida85y
This document provides an introduction to the Urban Landscape Guide Manual, which is designed to assist municipal water utilities in implementing best management practices for water-wise landscaping. It discusses the purpose of the manual and how it can be used along with the accompanying Urban Landscape Guide website. The manual then covers various topics related to water-wise landscaping, including the soil-plant-atmosphere relationship, the seven principles of water-wise landscaping (planning and design, soil analysis and improvement, plant selection, irrigation, turfgrass, mulches, and maintenance), and how programs and ordinances can support these principles.
Dry shade in the temperate garden. problem and potentialGiulio Veronese
The document discusses dry shade conditions in temperate woodlands and gardens. It provides background on woodland ecology, describing the layered structure and plant adaptations to low-light environments. These include storage organs, broad leaves, spring ephemeral blooming cycles, and phytochrome-regulated germination. The document advocates observing woodland plant communities and structures for inspiration in dry shade gardening, emphasizing soil improvement and suitable species selection.
Rain Garden Curricular Sampler for Schools
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Bexar County Youth Gardens ProgramEric851q
This document discusses the principles of Xeriscape landscaping to conserve water in Texas landscapes. The seven principles are planning and design, soil analysis and preparation, practical turf areas, appropriate plant selection, efficient irrigation, use of mulches, and appropriate maintenance. By incorporating these principles, homeowners can help preserve water resources through landscape design and practices that reduce water usage.
Xeriscape - Fayette County Groundwater Conservation DistrictEric832w
This document provides information on xeriscape as a best management practice (BMP) for water conservation and protection. It describes the seven principles of xeriscape as individual BMPs: (1) planning and design, (2) soil improvement, (3) creating practical turf areas, (4) grouping plants according to their water needs, (5) efficient irrigation, (6) using mulches, and (7) appropriate maintenance. Following these principles can provide a comprehensive approach to conserving water in landscaping.
The Role Of Trees in the Bioremediation of Drinking Waterearthseva
The document summarizes a research experiment in Sri Lanka that tested using trees for bioremediation of contaminated drinking water. Trees were planted densely around a drinking well to uptake contaminants through their roots. Native tree species formed a "root mat" in the buffer zone. Additional trees were used as wind breaks and crops were grown organically nearby. Water quality was monitored over time, showing reductions in nitrate, nitrite and other contaminants. The experiment demonstrated that establishing forests can help clean contaminated groundwater in a sustainable way.
Xeriscaping (often incorrectly spelled zero-scaping or xeroscaping) is landscaping and gardening that reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental water from irrigation.
Characteristics and Utilization Principle of Native Plants in HighwayIJERA Editor
Highway greening projects, in essence, is a kind of ecological restoration project. Plant as the prerequisite and
important material basis of ecological restoration, the choice and utilization of plant is the key to the success of
green. In the current green design, this part also has many problems. Therefore, this paper puts forward the
definition of native plants in ecological theory, and summarizes the characteristics and the use of different types of
plants.
This document discusses various types of environmental stresses that can affect plant growth including drought, high or low temperatures, excessive soil salinity, and inadequate minerals in the soil. It describes different mechanisms by which plants can adapt to or tolerate drought conditions, such as escaping drought by having a short lifecycle, avoiding stress through stomatal regulation and increased photosynthetic efficiency, and tolerating stress through enhanced water conservation and storage abilities. The document focuses on defining and classifying different types of drought, as well as adaptation strategies employed by crops to survive in drought environments.
This document discusses landscape conservation and ecology. It defines landscaping and conservation landscaping. Conservation landscaping aims to protect air and water quality, support wildlife, and provide a healthy environment for humans. It incorporates native plants, low impact development, and integrated pest management. The document also outlines threats to landscapes from climate change and lists eight elements of effective conservation landscapes. It discusses techniques for conserving soils and water, including terracing, crop rotation, mulching, and watershed management. Finally, it provides a case study on conservation principles applied in an ocean-friendly garden in Manhattan Beach.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
This document discusses ecoregional landscape design and how understanding ecosystem patterns within a region can inspire sustainable landscape designs. It explains that ecoregion maps divide areas into identifiable regions based on recurring ecosystem patterns. These patterns are linked to ecological and cultural processes. Ecoregional design applies this regional understanding to design in a way that maintains functional integrity, such as using native plants suited to the local climate and draining stormwater naturally. The document provides examples of how understanding a region's ecoregion can guide appropriate plant selection and landscape design.
Biological Measures for Rehabilitation of the Mined-Out Area in Dantewada, Ch...IRJET Journal
The document discusses biological measures for rehabilitation of mined-out areas in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, India. It recommends re-vegetation with native plant species suited to the climate and soil conditions, including various grasses, shrubs, and trees. Afforestation efforts should focus on slope stabilization and erosion control through mixed plantings. Indigenous species are preferred over exotic species to fully restore ecosystem functions.
Treatment Performance of Domestic Wastewater in a Tropical Constructed Wetlan...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by Jonah S Butler* *Fulbright Scholar, DILG-GTZ Affiliate in Philippines: For Environmental Science Study on Wastewater Treatment. (Email: Jonahsbutler@gmail.com) for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the impact of different soil water conditions on xylem anatomy, plant water status, stomatal conductance, and hydraulic conductivity in olive trees. Measurements were taken from trees under full irrigation, localized irrigation, and rain-fed conditions. All trees showed lower afternoon stomatal conductance compared to morning values. Irrigated trees maintained higher water potentials than rain-fed trees. Hydraulic conductivity was similar among treatments in the morning but tended to be lower for rain-fed trees in the afternoon. The soil water treatments did not influence xylem anatomy or vulnerability to embolism in the olive trees.
Natural resources management in dryland agriculture and importance of water m...Rajeev Tiwari
This PPT aims to provide the information about management of natural resources in dryland agriculture and the importance of water management in crop production.
Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form.
Any part of our natural materials that can be utilized to promote welfare, may be regarded as natural resources.
The management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL RESOURCES:
1. Field survey will enable us to know the kind and amount of available natural resources. For this purpose, GIS, GPS and remote sensing could be used.
2. The available resources should be conserved and utilized efficiently.
3. Technologies used to conserve and utilize natural resources should be eco-friendly, environmentally sound and economically viable.
4. Rainwater harvesting for replenishing groundwater and renovating the traditional sources of rainwater storage.
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DRYLAND:
1. sustainable water management: In-situ moisture conservation, Rainwater harvesting.
2. Sustainable soil management: Erosion control, desertification control, soil health maintenance, alternate use of different land.
3. Watershed management
4. Sustainable crop management: Cropping system, nutrient management, irrigation management, weed management.
5. Livestock management
6. Sustainable use of dryland biodiversity: Grassland improvement and management, Dryland trees and management, plants of medicinal and industrial values.
Gardening with Water - Waitakere, New ZealandFujita64g
This document discusses gardening techniques that reduce water usage. It provides information on choosing drought-resistant native and exotic plants, improving soil quality through mulching and composting, and practicing good lawn management. The document emphasizes using plants suited to a site's natural conditions to minimize watering needs once established. It also discusses managing irrigation systems and harvesting rainwater to supplement garden watering during dry periods. Overall, the document promotes gardening approaches that conserve water resources.
The role of Agroforestry in conserving soil and soil moisture in Nepalese con...Amit Chaudhary
Agroforestry plays an important role in conserving soil and soil moisture in Nepal. It improves soil cover, fertility, structure and moisture retention. Tree roots uptake nutrients and add organic matter through leaf litter. Hedgerows and trees on slopes effectively control soil erosion. Agroforestry systems increase soil organic carbon, nitrogen and water holding capacity compared to cropland. Nitrogen fixing trees enhance soil fertility. Overall, agroforestry benefits soil conservation when properly designed for the terrain in Nepal.
This document provides information about a social studies lesson plan for Class VIII on the topic of geography, land, soil, water, natural vegetation, and wildlife. It includes 4 learning periods that cover different objectives and activities. The objectives focus on understanding land use and distribution of population, causes of landslides and methods of soil conservation, availability and uses of water and methods of water conservation, and natural vegetation, wildlife, and their conservation.
The Green Fuse: Using Plants to Provide Ecosystem Services
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Urban Landscape Guide Manual - San Antonio, TexasFrida85y
This document provides an introduction to the Urban Landscape Guide Manual, which is designed to assist municipal water utilities in implementing best management practices for water-wise landscaping. It discusses the purpose of the manual and how it can be used along with the accompanying Urban Landscape Guide website. The manual then covers various topics related to water-wise landscaping, including the soil-plant-atmosphere relationship, the seven principles of water-wise landscaping (planning and design, soil analysis and improvement, plant selection, irrigation, turfgrass, mulches, and maintenance), and how programs and ordinances can support these principles.
Dry shade in the temperate garden. problem and potentialGiulio Veronese
The document discusses dry shade conditions in temperate woodlands and gardens. It provides background on woodland ecology, describing the layered structure and plant adaptations to low-light environments. These include storage organs, broad leaves, spring ephemeral blooming cycles, and phytochrome-regulated germination. The document advocates observing woodland plant communities and structures for inspiration in dry shade gardening, emphasizing soil improvement and suitable species selection.
Rain Garden Curricular Sampler for Schools
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
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Xeriscape - Fayette County Groundwater Conservation DistrictEric832w
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The Role Of Trees in the Bioremediation of Drinking Waterearthseva
The document summarizes a research experiment in Sri Lanka that tested using trees for bioremediation of contaminated drinking water. Trees were planted densely around a drinking well to uptake contaminants through their roots. Native tree species formed a "root mat" in the buffer zone. Additional trees were used as wind breaks and crops were grown organically nearby. Water quality was monitored over time, showing reductions in nitrate, nitrite and other contaminants. The experiment demonstrated that establishing forests can help clean contaminated groundwater in a sustainable way.
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
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Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
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With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
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collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
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Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
XERISCAPING
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XERISCAPING
Mandă Manuela1*, Salahoru Cătălina 1
*
University of Craiova, Craiova, e-mail: manda_manu@yahoo.com
Keywords: xeriscape, concept, principles, species
ABSTRACT
At present, more and more areas in Romania are characterized by high temperatures
and low precipitation in the summer period. With an emphasis on water and energy conservation,
xeriscape is a creative landscape approach addressed to this purpose. Even under these
circumstances, the possibilities for arrangements of public green spaces or private gardens are
extremely varied. This paper provides information on this concept which constitutes a practical
and sustainable alternative in the design of gardens.
INTRODUCTION
Landscape is a vital component of the urban environment that can provide
environmental, human health, psycho-social and economic benefits (Lee et al. 2015); it
is also a large user of water (Lazarova et al. 2005). Water scarcity is a critical issue that
affects more than 40 per cent of the global population (Karimian et al. 2017) and it is due
to the increase in world population, climate change related to global warming, pollution
and unconscious consumption of water resources. In landscaping, incorrect plant
choices and the use of grass in expansive areas may also increase pressure on limited
water resources. In summer, scenes of yellow, dry, and even dead landscaping designs
are increasingly common where correct landscaping designs are not employed (Çetin et
al. 2018).
The biggest consumption of water used especially in the urban green areas such
as parks and gardens has required the development of new forms of landscaping
(xeriscape approach) which is using water as little as possible (Sarı & Karaşah 2015).
The word and concept of xeriscape occurred in the south-west of the United
States, during the drought at the beginning of the 1980s (Sovocool et al. 2006; Özyavuz
A. & Özyavuz, M. 2012).
Xeriscaping, also known as "xerogardening" is, in essence, a type of landscape
arrangement which requires a minimum amount of water (Hilaire et al. 2008) and
incorporates seven water-conserving principles: 1. Planning and design; 2. Efficient
irrigation systems, properly designed and maintained; 3. Use of mulch; 4. Soil
preparation; 5. Turf alternatives and proper maintenance; 6. Water-efficient plant
material; 7. Appropriate maintenance.
In addition, xeriscaping requires low cost maintenance, the use of species with
resistance or tolerance to drought, it requires fewer fertilizers and herbicides, thus
contributing to the conservation of the environment.
This method of green spaces arrangements is ideal in places where water is not
easily available and in places where climatic conditions require the use of large
ANNALS OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA
Series: 9
9 Biology
9 Horticulture
9 Food produce processing
technology
9 Environmental engineering
Vol. XXIII (LIX) - 2018
2. 145
quantities of water for irrigation (areas with seasonal fluctuations of precipitation and
heavy droughts).
Through the implementation of principles the xeriscaping can reduce the water
consumption in the exterior with up to 50 %. Some significant savings can be reached
by a simple change in the irrigation scheme, the use of the most effective method of
irrigation, the right choice of plants used in the arrangement.
In the recent years, the interest in the Xeriscape arrangements for exterior
decoration has increased.
The Xeriscape concept has been adopted in many areas of the world
experiencing drought or long term dry conditions, and actual Xeriscape practices have
evolved differently in various places. The goal of a xeriscape is to create a visually
attractive landscape that uses plants selected for their water efficiency (Özyavuz A. &
Özyavuz M. 2012), without compromising functionality and beauty of the urban
landscape (Hilaire et al. 2008).
In Romania, the arrangement of public and private gardens and the expansion
of green urban areas involves a systematic increase in the demand of water. And if we
take into account the fact that in Romania there are areas with the tendency of
desertification as well as areas with periodic droughts (lack of rain for 2-3 months), the
rational use of water could become a matter of priority. On the basis that in Romania this
landscape approach is not known, this paper provides information on this concept which
constitutes a practical and sustainable alternative in the design of gardens.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
With an emphasis on water and energy conservation, xeriscape is a creative
lanscape approach addressed to this purpose. Even under these circumstances, the
possibilities for arrangements of public green spaces or private gardens are extremely
varied. In addition to the research relating to the concept of "xeriscaping", in this paper,
we proposed the presentation of an assortment of species showing resistance or
tolerance to drought, suitable for this landscape approach, in the climatic conditions in
Romania.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Vegetation is the most important component of any landscape project.
Sustainability, biodiversity and low maintenance are the main issues underlying the
current trends in landscape designing (Ochoa et al. 2009). The success of this trend
depends on appropriate plant selection (Franco et al. 2006).
Contrary to the wrong impression that xeriscaping involves only the planting of
cacti, succulents on areas covered with gravel, many ornamental herbaceous and woody
plants can be used for this type of arrangement. Thus, the assortment designed for this
type of arrangement may include species of trees, shrubs, grasses, perennial and annual
plants (figure 1).
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Figure 1: Xeriscape design that uses plants selected for their drought resistance
(Stachys byzantina, Iberis umbellata, Pennisetum setaceum Rubrum, Juniperus
sabina, Miscanthus sinensis, Lavandula angustifolia, Yucca filamentosa)
The succulent plants represent a good choice for this type of arrangement
because of their reduced requirements concerning water and nutrients, they require a
small area of nutrition and grow slow (Anton et al. 2006). Also, many of the self-sown
plants which exist in our country may be included in the xeriscape decoration. The
association of some xerofite species with heights, shapes, colors and different textures
can create interesting combinations (figure 1).
To determine the assortment of species in order to achieve a xeriscape
arrangement, one must follow a number of criteria: requirements concerning water, soil,
light, height, shape and texture of plants; decorative elements; the type of plant; minimal
maintenance; resistance to disease and pests.
Many different and interesting woody and herbaceous plants already in popular
use qualify for xeriscaping (Bosmans 2001).
Table 1 contains ornamental species that may be used for xeriscape
arrangements in Romania's climatic conditions. The suggested assortment also
includes: resistant species to drought with persistent leaves which can decorate
throughout the year (Juniperus, Euonymus, Aucuba, Ophiopogon etc).
The central Xeriscape theme for conserving water is to reduce turfgrass that
does not have practical value with other plant materials (Cisar 2004).
The problems of the classic lawn are related to the consumption of water, use
of chemicals, as well as the neccessary time required for its maintenance. The traditional
lawn requires much more water and effort for its maintenance than most ornamental
plants used in outside arrangements. As a result, xeriscaping can use some species
which may replace the traditional sod, these being selected according to the purpose
and the local conditions. Alternative species for lawns:
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Figure 2: Ornamental woody and herbaceous plants for xeriscape arrangements
(Acer palmtum, Hibiscus syriacus, Juniperus scopulorum, Euonymus japonica
Albomarginata, Aucuba japonica, Ophiopogon japonicus)
- Trifolium repens (white dwarf clover), the set up is a little more complicated
than the one of the sod, however, it is much more resistant to traffic and drought, it can
be trimmered more rarely and it requires minimum fertilisation.
- The mixture of self-sown plants and field flowers - for rustic gardens -
especially in the hilly areas or the mountainous ones it is recommended this variant
which is very comfortable.
In addition to the variants generic called "grass", there are some species of
plants whose development leads to the formation of a vegetation carpet - the so-called
groundcover plants, which allow the traffic on the surface of the lawn:
- Vinca minor and Vinca major - is a perennial plant, with dark green leaves,
which bloom abundantly in spring, having purple-blue colored flowers. They resist in the
sun rays, but also in the semi-shadow.
- Hedera helix - can be a good option to cover an area of land. Mature leaves
are dark green, persistent, and in spring the young leaves are light green, which creates
an attractive contrast with the dark green leaves of the previous years.
- Ophiopogon japonicus (mondo grass) and Liriope muscari (lilyturf) - asian
species grown widely as a groundcover.
- Euonymus fortunei Silver Queen - is an evergreen creeping or climbing
shrub, with attractively variegated leaves. They prefer the sun, and they grow slow.
Although it is not suitable for areas with heavy traffic, Cotoneaster damerii is a
creeping shrub which grows fast and that may cover wide areas, regardless of the lighting
conditions.
No matter the option one choses, it should be noted that none of the variants
presented will provide the level carpet provided by the lawn.
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Table 1
Ornamental species for xeriscape arrangements in the climatic conditions of Romania
Species
Trees Acer camperstre, Acer palmatum, Cercis canadensis, Fraxiunus americana,
Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia triacanthos, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus rubra,
Picea pungens Glauca, Pinus sylvestris, Platanus occidentalis, Robinia
pseudoacacia, Ulmus minor.
Shrubs Amelanchier alnifolia, Aucuba japonica, Berberis thunbergii, Buxus
microphylla, Buxus sempervirens, Buddleia marrubifolia, Callicarpa
bodinieri, Calycanthus floridus, Euonymus japonica, Hibiscus syriacus, Ilex
sp., Jasminum nudiflorum, Juniperus chinensis, Juniperus sabina, Juniperus
squamata, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus virginiana, Mahonia aquifolium,
Osmanthus heterophyllus, Pinus mugo, Punica spp., Rhus typhina,
Viburnum macrocephalum, Viburnum lantana.
Undergrowth Yucca filamentosa, Genista tinctoria, Ruscus aculeatus, Ruscus
hypoglossum
Annual Centaurea cyanus, Dianthus chinensis, Eschscholzia californica,
Gomphrena globosa, Helichrysum bracteatum, Portulaca grandifloria,
Tithonia rotundifolia, Tagetes spp, Zinnia elegans
Perennials Achillea filipendula, A. millefolium, Aster sp., Aquilegia chrysantha, Bergenia
cordifolia, Coreopsis spp, Echinacea purpurea, Echinops spp., Iberis
umbellata, Gaillardia aristata, Gypsophila paniculata, Heuchera sanguinea,
Lavandula angustifolia, Limonium latifolium, Kniphofia uvaria, Ophiopogon
japonicus, Penstemon sp., Phlox subulata, Solidago spp., Rudbeckia hirta
Ornamental
grasses
Festuca cinerea, Festuca glauca, Helictotrichon sempervirens, Miscanthus
sinensis, Muhlenbergia rigens, Pennisetum setaceum
Mosaic plant Cerastium tomentosum, Cineraria maritima, Stachys byzantina
Succulents Sedum spectabile, S. pallidum, S. spurium, S. rupestre, Sempervivum spp
Lianas Lonicera japonica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Tecoma, Vitis sp., Wistera sp.
Native plants Aster alpinus, Erigeron sp., Galium odoratum, Lychnis coronaria, Luzula
luzuloides, Salvia pratensis, Xeranthemum annuum
CONCLUSIONS
There are numerous reasons why this type of arrangement should be taken into
consideration: lowered consumption of water, reduce maintenance and less cost to
maintain, reduced waste and pollution, reduce fertilizer use (NPK).
A well-planned xeriscape landscape, besides the presented benefits can be as
succesful as any other type of garden design. Although it involves conserving water it can be
attractive, colorful and it utilizes a variety of styles (even formal style), shapes and textures.
Contrary to the impression that "xeriscaping" shall include only cacti and
succulents, many ornamental herbaceous and woody plants can be used for this type of
arrangement.
The common qualities of the plants intended for "xeriscape" landscapes justify
the use of certain groups of ornamental plants, as well as species: spontaneous,
succulent, decorative herbs, some perennial and annual species.
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