The document discusses the growing global need for energy and the energy sources and mix that will power the future. It argues that meeting increasing energy demands will require harnessing diverse forms of energy through research and understanding various scientific concepts. A well-educated workforce with skills in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is needed to advance energy research and develop cost-effective and environmentally-friendly solutions. The document provides statistics on global energy usage and outlines the STEM fields and skills required for the energy industry now and in the future.
China and other competing nations are vastly outperforming America in the development of clean energy technologies. If America is to remain relevant the economy of the future, it is essential that we support both the development of clean energy technologies and the education of young people to enter this burgeoning industry. To this end, the U.S. Department of Energy has established RE-ENERGYSE — a program to vastly improve the scope and quality of energy science education in American schools.
Teryn Norris, Director of Americans for Energy Leadership (AEL) will delve further into the specifics of RE-ENERGYSE, touching on experiential learning opportunities, fellowships, and new higher education programs that are specifically designed to prepare students for careers in clean energy technology. By swiftly providing these skills to students, America can foster the collective awe and relentless drive needed to propel us forward in the clean energy race.
Renewable Energy Industry Review Alliedschools Aug09Allied Schools
Source: http://www.training4green.com
In This Issue:
Green Professional International Survey
Solar Goes Global
Green Engery Jobs are Growing Nationwide
3.2 Billion Available for Green Projects - U.S. Cities Take Action
Australia needs an energy sector that addresses the ‘energy trilemma’ – that is to say it must provide energy security, affordability and environmental sustainability. After a period of relative stability, significant change in the energy sector can be expected in coming years due to the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, together with the rapid pace of technological development occurring in the sector.
This roadmap seeks to help policy and other decision makers navigate this change by highlighting the key technologies that Australia can draw on as it endeavours to address the energy trilemma. It also identifies the barriers to these technologies and the potential enablers that may be called on to overcome them. Lastly, the roadmap identifies the key commercial opportunities for industry that low emissions technologies in the energy sector can provide.
Australia’s emissions reduction target On 10 November 2016, Australia ratified the Paris Agreement, committing to achieve a 26-28% reduction in GHG emissions below 2005 levels by 2030. The Paris Agreement also requires signatories to strengthen their abatement efforts over time with the overarching goal of limiting the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. The Paris Agreement also recognises that the world will need to achieve zero net emissions in the second half of the century.To achieve this level of decarbonisation, Australia will need to adopt a multi-faceted approach, primarily targeting emissions reduction in the land and energy sectors. The energy sector, which is the focus of this roadmap, will play a key role given it accounts for 79% of Australia’s emissions.
China and other competing nations are vastly outperforming America in the development of clean energy technologies. If America is to remain relevant the economy of the future, it is essential that we support both the development of clean energy technologies and the education of young people to enter this burgeoning industry. To this end, the U.S. Department of Energy has established RE-ENERGYSE — a program to vastly improve the scope and quality of energy science education in American schools.
Teryn Norris, Director of Americans for Energy Leadership (AEL) will delve further into the specifics of RE-ENERGYSE, touching on experiential learning opportunities, fellowships, and new higher education programs that are specifically designed to prepare students for careers in clean energy technology. By swiftly providing these skills to students, America can foster the collective awe and relentless drive needed to propel us forward in the clean energy race.
Renewable Energy Industry Review Alliedschools Aug09Allied Schools
Source: http://www.training4green.com
In This Issue:
Green Professional International Survey
Solar Goes Global
Green Engery Jobs are Growing Nationwide
3.2 Billion Available for Green Projects - U.S. Cities Take Action
Australia needs an energy sector that addresses the ‘energy trilemma’ – that is to say it must provide energy security, affordability and environmental sustainability. After a period of relative stability, significant change in the energy sector can be expected in coming years due to the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, together with the rapid pace of technological development occurring in the sector.
This roadmap seeks to help policy and other decision makers navigate this change by highlighting the key technologies that Australia can draw on as it endeavours to address the energy trilemma. It also identifies the barriers to these technologies and the potential enablers that may be called on to overcome them. Lastly, the roadmap identifies the key commercial opportunities for industry that low emissions technologies in the energy sector can provide.
Australia’s emissions reduction target On 10 November 2016, Australia ratified the Paris Agreement, committing to achieve a 26-28% reduction in GHG emissions below 2005 levels by 2030. The Paris Agreement also requires signatories to strengthen their abatement efforts over time with the overarching goal of limiting the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. The Paris Agreement also recognises that the world will need to achieve zero net emissions in the second half of the century.To achieve this level of decarbonisation, Australia will need to adopt a multi-faceted approach, primarily targeting emissions reduction in the land and energy sectors. The energy sector, which is the focus of this roadmap, will play a key role given it accounts for 79% of Australia’s emissions.
INTERNATIONAL GRID INTEGRATION Efficiencies, Vulnerabilities, and Strategic I...Power System Operation
The new decade is poised to be one of fundamental
change in the global electricity sector,
with the widening cost advantages and spread
of renewable energy. One result of that trend is
that power networks and markets have entered a new
phase of international and regional integration. More renewables
benefit from larger, varied, and more flexible
grids, which has spurred transmission build-out and grid
modernization worldwide. Trading power across international
borders and facilitating more complex markets
both deliver increasing cost savings and efficiency gains,
especially with rising demand and growing shares of renewables
in the power mix. That is the case across many
(otherwise very different) developing Asian economies.
Evolving international electricity grids and markets also
have regional political implications in a world where critical
infrastructure informs trade and national security.
This report is intended to inform US policy responses to
the energy transition as it spurs new interdependencies
and reshapes geopolitical relationships.
As economic growth and power demand both increase
in developing Asia (including the Middle East), countries
are integrating cheaper renewables and shifting away
from dependence on fossil fuels. Meeting demand while
reducing costly emissions has encouraged new infrastructure
and policy changes to increase cross-border trade.
The changing political economy of electricity trade in the
Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia reflects trends
that are likely to accelerate in this decade, and highlights
the institutional challenges of international grid integration.
China’s role is significant. Its program to supply grid infrastructure
that can support the energy transition, and a
particular vision of global interconnection, are products of
the country’s drive to engage its industrial capacity and
sell to the region; to build a soft-power case for Chinese
climate leadership; to expand regional political and economic
influence; and to raise its national profile in a quiet
rework of international energy governance. It is also a
bet on a particular view of future continental electricity
markets and architecture. The wider Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) to develop regional infrastructure networks
Cullen reducing energy demand EST 2011morosini1952
Reducing Energy Demand: What Are the Practical Limits?
Jonathan M. Cullen, Julian M. Allwood*, and Edward H. Borgstein
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 4, 1711–1718
Publication Date:January 12, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/es102641n
Abstract
Concern over the global energy system, whether driven by climate change, national security, or fears of shortage, is being discussed widely and in every arena but with a bias toward energy supply options. While demand reduction is often mentioned in passing, it is rarely a priority for implementation, whether through policy or through the search for innovation. This paper aims to draw attention to the opportunity for major reduction in energy demand, by presenting an analysis of how much of current global energy demand could be avoided. Previous work led to a “map” of global energy use that traces the flow of energy from primary sources (fuels or renewable sources), through fuel refinery, electricity generation, and end-use conversion devices, to passive systems and the delivery of final energy services (transport, illumination, and sustenance). The key passive systems are presented here and analyzed through simple engineering models with scalar equations using data based on current global practice. Physically credible options for change to key design parameters are identified and used to predict the energy savings possible for each system. The result demonstrates that 73% of global energy use could be saved by practically achievable design changes to passive systems. This reduction could be increased by further efficiency improvements in conversion devices. A list of the solutions required to achieve these savings is provided.
Alam Mondal, Alebachew Azezew Belete, Hua Xie, Dawit Mekonnen
WEBINAR
Capacity Building on Modeling the Ethiopian Energy System: Final Workshop
SEP 30, 2020 - 02:00 PM TO 04:00 PM EAT
A STUDY ON VARIOUS PARAMETERS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ADOPTION USING T...A Makwana
In Recent years, a lot of emphasis has been given to renewable, sustainable and
environment friendly energy sources in order to offset the dependence of mankind on
conventional and non-renewable sources of energy most of which are fossil based. However,
the plethora of options available today makes it difficult for the users, policy makers as well
as the researchers in this area to identify the right source for a specific situation as the usage
and implementation depends on a variety of factors such as availability, ease of
transportation, maintenance and end of-life options. Energy and environment are closely
interlinked and therefore any alternative energy option brings with it a certain impact on the
environment. Several terms such as „cradle to grave‟, „cradle to cradle‟, „cradle to gate‟ are
used in this regard to denote the impacts at each stage of a product‟s life-cycle. This has led
to a lack of understanding among the practitioners in this field and often leads to complicated
situations where no agreement can be found over one single source of renewable energy. The
integrated assessment of all environmental impacts from cradle to grave is the basis for many
decisions relating to achieving improved products and services. This research paper presents
an adoption of Renewable Energy Resources in current trends of Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar,
Nadiad, Anand, Vadodara, and Surat. Data is collected through questionnaires and personal
interviews targeting various category people. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) is adopted to evaluate the responses collected from the respondent by ANOVA test.
Clean Technology - Search for Raw Materia and New Products.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
I have for over 16 years support moving to circular and green economy as part of protecting the environment while growing the economy in a sustainable and inclusive way that benefits everyone.
The problem for the past few years is that various governments around the world continue to throw money at the symptoms through providing direct grants and subsidies to green and clean companies. There has been little done to address areas like development of natural resources in a sustainable way or introducing policies that are driving up inflation as government are too focus on taxing and over regulating the fossil fuel industry.
The Producers/Consumer off-grid has arrived, there is a lack of regulation. Utility Business should change.
What if some Utilities in Western Europe, Japan, Australia and USA by 2020 lose about 50% of their demands; and obviously the revenues associated with those operations? All because the Prosumers...
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summmorosini1952
Jochem E. et al (2002) Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society. Developing a White Paper on Research & Development of Energy-Efficient Technologies - Executive Summary - 19 p.
Executive summary
In the coming decades, the threat and consequences of
climate change and of the re-concentration of crude oil
production in the Near East will compel industrialised nations
to make much more efficient use of energy. R&D that helps
realise energy efficiency potentials is likely to be regarded as
important in scientific, entrepreneurial, and political realms.
Demand for highly energy-efficient technologies will rise
steeply, and firms that can provide them will prosper. The
identification of energy-efficient technologies and related
energy conservation potentials undertaken in this pre-study is
a first step toward designing a R&D strategy that is consistent
with the need to evolve towards a 2000 Watt per capita society.
Reaching this level by 2050 implies reducing primary energy
use from 1200 to 460 PJ per year, despite a projected 65%
economic expansion.
Jochem, Eberhard; Favrat, Daniel; Hungerbühler, Konrad; Spreng, Daniel; von Rohr, Philippe-Rudolf; Wokaun, Alexander; Zimmermann, Mark
Presentation on Integrating social science in energy research by Dr Kathryn J...Centre for Policy Research
Two reviews of articles in the general energy literature and construction literature show that social dimensions of energy are under-examined in both fields. The dominant focus is on “technical potential”, which largely ignores and minimizes the role of individuals, organisations, society, and culture in enabling or disabling energy transitions. This talk develops a conceptual approach to “social potential” which reorients the problem frame toward social and cultural opportunities, using examples such as the role of digital technology and social engagement in climate action.
“Integrated Solutions in Sustainable Green Energy and Transportation”Green Parking Council
Mark Gander, GPC Board member and AECOM Director, was among a group of leading scientists, researchers, innovators, officials, and corporate leaders to present recently at the World Green Energy Symposium (WGES) at the City University of New York (CUNY) in New York City.
His “Integrated Solutions in Sustainable Green Energy and Transportation” presentation focused on clean renewable energy; transportation; electric car vehicles; green parking; and place-based strategies such as an eco-district or transit-oriented development that are comprehensive ways to optimize land use efficiency, energy and water and to create jobs.
INTERNATIONAL GRID INTEGRATION Efficiencies, Vulnerabilities, and Strategic I...Power System Operation
The new decade is poised to be one of fundamental
change in the global electricity sector,
with the widening cost advantages and spread
of renewable energy. One result of that trend is
that power networks and markets have entered a new
phase of international and regional integration. More renewables
benefit from larger, varied, and more flexible
grids, which has spurred transmission build-out and grid
modernization worldwide. Trading power across international
borders and facilitating more complex markets
both deliver increasing cost savings and efficiency gains,
especially with rising demand and growing shares of renewables
in the power mix. That is the case across many
(otherwise very different) developing Asian economies.
Evolving international electricity grids and markets also
have regional political implications in a world where critical
infrastructure informs trade and national security.
This report is intended to inform US policy responses to
the energy transition as it spurs new interdependencies
and reshapes geopolitical relationships.
As economic growth and power demand both increase
in developing Asia (including the Middle East), countries
are integrating cheaper renewables and shifting away
from dependence on fossil fuels. Meeting demand while
reducing costly emissions has encouraged new infrastructure
and policy changes to increase cross-border trade.
The changing political economy of electricity trade in the
Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia reflects trends
that are likely to accelerate in this decade, and highlights
the institutional challenges of international grid integration.
China’s role is significant. Its program to supply grid infrastructure
that can support the energy transition, and a
particular vision of global interconnection, are products of
the country’s drive to engage its industrial capacity and
sell to the region; to build a soft-power case for Chinese
climate leadership; to expand regional political and economic
influence; and to raise its national profile in a quiet
rework of international energy governance. It is also a
bet on a particular view of future continental electricity
markets and architecture. The wider Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) to develop regional infrastructure networks
Cullen reducing energy demand EST 2011morosini1952
Reducing Energy Demand: What Are the Practical Limits?
Jonathan M. Cullen, Julian M. Allwood*, and Edward H. Borgstein
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 4, 1711–1718
Publication Date:January 12, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/es102641n
Abstract
Concern over the global energy system, whether driven by climate change, national security, or fears of shortage, is being discussed widely and in every arena but with a bias toward energy supply options. While demand reduction is often mentioned in passing, it is rarely a priority for implementation, whether through policy or through the search for innovation. This paper aims to draw attention to the opportunity for major reduction in energy demand, by presenting an analysis of how much of current global energy demand could be avoided. Previous work led to a “map” of global energy use that traces the flow of energy from primary sources (fuels or renewable sources), through fuel refinery, electricity generation, and end-use conversion devices, to passive systems and the delivery of final energy services (transport, illumination, and sustenance). The key passive systems are presented here and analyzed through simple engineering models with scalar equations using data based on current global practice. Physically credible options for change to key design parameters are identified and used to predict the energy savings possible for each system. The result demonstrates that 73% of global energy use could be saved by practically achievable design changes to passive systems. This reduction could be increased by further efficiency improvements in conversion devices. A list of the solutions required to achieve these savings is provided.
Alam Mondal, Alebachew Azezew Belete, Hua Xie, Dawit Mekonnen
WEBINAR
Capacity Building on Modeling the Ethiopian Energy System: Final Workshop
SEP 30, 2020 - 02:00 PM TO 04:00 PM EAT
A STUDY ON VARIOUS PARAMETERS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ADOPTION USING T...A Makwana
In Recent years, a lot of emphasis has been given to renewable, sustainable and
environment friendly energy sources in order to offset the dependence of mankind on
conventional and non-renewable sources of energy most of which are fossil based. However,
the plethora of options available today makes it difficult for the users, policy makers as well
as the researchers in this area to identify the right source for a specific situation as the usage
and implementation depends on a variety of factors such as availability, ease of
transportation, maintenance and end of-life options. Energy and environment are closely
interlinked and therefore any alternative energy option brings with it a certain impact on the
environment. Several terms such as „cradle to grave‟, „cradle to cradle‟, „cradle to gate‟ are
used in this regard to denote the impacts at each stage of a product‟s life-cycle. This has led
to a lack of understanding among the practitioners in this field and often leads to complicated
situations where no agreement can be found over one single source of renewable energy. The
integrated assessment of all environmental impacts from cradle to grave is the basis for many
decisions relating to achieving improved products and services. This research paper presents
an adoption of Renewable Energy Resources in current trends of Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar,
Nadiad, Anand, Vadodara, and Surat. Data is collected through questionnaires and personal
interviews targeting various category people. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) is adopted to evaluate the responses collected from the respondent by ANOVA test.
Clean Technology - Search for Raw Materia and New Products.pptxpaul young cpa, cga
I have for over 16 years support moving to circular and green economy as part of protecting the environment while growing the economy in a sustainable and inclusive way that benefits everyone.
The problem for the past few years is that various governments around the world continue to throw money at the symptoms through providing direct grants and subsidies to green and clean companies. There has been little done to address areas like development of natural resources in a sustainable way or introducing policies that are driving up inflation as government are too focus on taxing and over regulating the fossil fuel industry.
The Producers/Consumer off-grid has arrived, there is a lack of regulation. Utility Business should change.
What if some Utilities in Western Europe, Japan, Australia and USA by 2020 lose about 50% of their demands; and obviously the revenues associated with those operations? All because the Prosumers...
Jochem 2002 Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society Ex Summmorosini1952
Jochem E. et al (2002) Steps towards a 2000 Watt-Society. Developing a White Paper on Research & Development of Energy-Efficient Technologies - Executive Summary - 19 p.
Executive summary
In the coming decades, the threat and consequences of
climate change and of the re-concentration of crude oil
production in the Near East will compel industrialised nations
to make much more efficient use of energy. R&D that helps
realise energy efficiency potentials is likely to be regarded as
important in scientific, entrepreneurial, and political realms.
Demand for highly energy-efficient technologies will rise
steeply, and firms that can provide them will prosper. The
identification of energy-efficient technologies and related
energy conservation potentials undertaken in this pre-study is
a first step toward designing a R&D strategy that is consistent
with the need to evolve towards a 2000 Watt per capita society.
Reaching this level by 2050 implies reducing primary energy
use from 1200 to 460 PJ per year, despite a projected 65%
economic expansion.
Jochem, Eberhard; Favrat, Daniel; Hungerbühler, Konrad; Spreng, Daniel; von Rohr, Philippe-Rudolf; Wokaun, Alexander; Zimmermann, Mark
Presentation on Integrating social science in energy research by Dr Kathryn J...Centre for Policy Research
Two reviews of articles in the general energy literature and construction literature show that social dimensions of energy are under-examined in both fields. The dominant focus is on “technical potential”, which largely ignores and minimizes the role of individuals, organisations, society, and culture in enabling or disabling energy transitions. This talk develops a conceptual approach to “social potential” which reorients the problem frame toward social and cultural opportunities, using examples such as the role of digital technology and social engagement in climate action.
“Integrated Solutions in Sustainable Green Energy and Transportation”Green Parking Council
Mark Gander, GPC Board member and AECOM Director, was among a group of leading scientists, researchers, innovators, officials, and corporate leaders to present recently at the World Green Energy Symposium (WGES) at the City University of New York (CUNY) in New York City.
His “Integrated Solutions in Sustainable Green Energy and Transportation” presentation focused on clean renewable energy; transportation; electric car vehicles; green parking; and place-based strategies such as an eco-district or transit-oriented development that are comprehensive ways to optimize land use efficiency, energy and water and to create jobs.
Scott Sklar, President of the Stella Group and former Executive Director of the Solar Energy Industries Association, presented on April 19, 2010 at the GW Solar Institute Second Annual Symposium. more information at http://solar.gwu.edu/Symposium.html
LEAST-COST-&-RISK LIFECYCLE DELIVERED ENERGY SERVICESMichael P Totten
147-slide deck used in seminar at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Nov. 12, 2014, Energy Training Workshop. Whereas the IDB has skewed investment and financial support to South and Central American and Caribbean nations into large-scale hydrodams, and large-scale fossil fuel projects (power plants, pipelines), this presentation focuses on the superior least-cost-and-risk strategy based on end-use efficiency gains, onsite and distributed microgrids, powered with solar and wind power.
Market transformation in the energy sector. The implications of battery storage and reducing renewable energy costs to the Australian environment. Presents projections from NREL, DoE, CSIRO, GDF Suez, IRENA and others
Paul Norton of NREL spoke about the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative, and the challenges of renewable energy and conservation in Hawaii. Slides from the REIS seminar given at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-03.
Building Energy Efficiency Into Energy EquationIJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The increasing demand of energy in the world has causes the pollution and devastation of environment and also depletion of the resources. It imminent that cannot be avoided, however, There is agitation and confrontation from country to country which later realised that only energy efficiency practices is the means of minimizing the impact to the environment, but developing countries like Nigeria centered only on end users.These studies see how energy efficiency will be built into energy generation processes and the benefit to the environment, economic growth and development of a country.
Mechanical Energy Harvesting using Piezo Triboelectric Nanogeneratorijtsrd
As there is a rapid growth of portable electronic gadgets, sustainable energy sources for these devices become indispensable. The possibility to power them by energy harvested from renewable sources have to be found. Triboelectric nanogenerators are the most viable solution to harvest energy from low frequency mechanical motions. A TENG is an energy harvesting device that converts external mechanical energy into electricity by a conjunction of contact electrification and electrostatic induction and this electricity is used to power our electronic gadgets wirelessly by using wireless module and piezoelectric nanogenerators also do the same on applying the pressure. This device opens a new horizons for ways to produce and store wasted energy from our surroundings and in a near future to power wireless sensors and electronic gadgets using hybrid piezo triboelectric nanogenerators. Dr. Arun Thomas | Sam Vincent | Ranjana. A | Reena Thomas | Seethal Babu "Mechanical Energy Harvesting using Piezo-Triboelectric Nanogenerator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31307.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31307/mechanical-energy-harvesting-using-piezotriboelectric-nanogenerator/dr-arun-thomas
My presentation to the World Nuclear Association Symposium 2015. In this presentation I discussed updated findings of my review of 100 % renewable energy system literature.
The fascinating future of energy practitioners v2Richard Chuchla
Energy and resource practitioners face growing uncertainty and complexity but unprecedented opportunity as they confront the future. This story underpins the premise of the multidisciplinary Energy and Earth Resources graduate program at the University of Texas.
China and other competing nations are vastly outperforming America in the development of clean energy technologies. If America is to remain relevant the economy of the future, it is essential that we support both the development of clean energy technologies and the education of young people to enter this burgeoning industry. To this end, the U.S. Department of Energy has established RE-ENERGYSE — a program to vastly improve the scope and quality of energy science education in American schools.
Teryn Norris, Director of Americans for Energy Leadership (AEL) will delve further into the specifics of RE-ENERGYSE, touching on experiential learning opportunities, fellowships, and new higher education programs that are specifically designed to prepare students for careers in clean energy technology. By swiftly providing these skills to students, America can foster the collective awe and relentless drive needed to propel us forward in the clean energy race.
Teryn Norris, Director of Americans for Energy Leadership (AEL) will delve further into the specifics of RE-ENERGYSE, touching on experiential learning opportunities, fellowships, and new higher education programs that are specifically designed to prepare students for careers in clean energy technology. By swiftly providing these skills to students, America can foster the collective awe and relentless drive needed to propel us forward in the clean energy race.
An Organized Review of Public Attitudes, Technologies, and Renewable Energy S...
WYATT MSI-COPC Gaithersburg Presentation Final
1. GLOBAL ENERGY: SOURCES
AND EFFICIENCY
ANDTHE NEED FOR EDUCATION IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING,
MATHEMATICS AND RESEARCH “STEM+R” IN ALL ENERGY APPLICATIONS
Doug Wyatt
General Session – STEM: Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Programs
7th Annual Minority Serving Institutes Technical Assistance National Training Conference
“Creating a Presence” Minority Serving Institutions Community of Partners Council (MSI-COPC)
September 23-25, 2013, Gaithersburg, MD; National Institute of Standards and Technology
Tuesday, September 24, 2013
2. I would like to thank:
All thoughts, opinions, conjectures, predictions, mistakes and bad jokes are the sole responsibility of the
author and do not reflect the position, beliefs or practices of the URS Corporation or the US Government.
3. Three simple talking points and one
thought paradigm
• The growing need for energy
• The energy mix of the future
• The people and skills for future energy
• Think about energy in terms of its primary
use – what it is needed for:
Transportation – Electricity – Heat
4. The human need for energy continues to grow globally. Not just because the
world population is growing, but because energy is the cornerstone which
serves as the tool, system, and economic driver for quantitative measurement in
the quality of life. People in advanced societies expect readily available energy
to supply light switches by the front door, a quick fill-up at the gas station, and
gadgets such as iPhones. To supply this demand, identification of diverse forms
of energy and how it is used falls under the constraints of scientific discovery. A
need exists for energy research. This knowledge requires the process of
understanding – leading to discovery, conversion, transmission, and utilization –
before it can be beneficial. To meet this objective, a broad body of educational
requirements is needed in science, engineering and technology to advance
energy research. Ultimately, the development of an educated workforce and
energy savvy public will drive cost-effective and environment-friendly solutions.
the most critical need for
Energy is the currency of our future.
the driver of
Energy
5. Total Electricity Net Consumption 2010 (Billion Kilowatt-hours)
Data Source: USDOE-EIA
Image Source: http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/620/overrides/new-view-earth-at-night-world_62010_600x450.jpg
US
China
Japan
Russia
India
Malaysia
Mozambique
Barbados
Chad
Energy
6. 0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
2009
Cont. AVG 2004
Cont. AVG 2009
Total Energy Consumption 2009 Per Capita (MBTU per Person)
Data Source: USDOE-EIA
Image Source: http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/620/overrides/new-view-earth-at-night-world_62010_600x450.jpg
AF
AS-OC
C-SA
World
NA
EA
EU
ME
Gibraltar
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Netherlands Antilles
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Trinidad and Tobago
Iceland
Singapore
Kuwait
Bahrain
Norway
Canada
Luxembourg
Brunei
United States
Saudi Arabia
Australia
Oman
Nauru
Belgium
Lesotho
Tanzania
Nepal
Timor-Leste (East
Timor)
Guinea
Liberia
Malawi
Uganda
Burkina Faso
Madagascar
Ethiopia
Congo (Kinshasa)
Central African
Republic
Eritrea
Niger
Somalia
Rwanda
Mali
Burundi
Chad
China
India
Note: 1,000,000 BTU’s/year total ~ 8 hours/day of a 100 watt light bulb
Energy
7. Energy Definitions
• Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that
comes from resources which are continually replenished
on a human timescale such as streams, sunlight, wind,
rain, tides, waves, biomass and geothermal heat.
• Non-renewable energy resources (also known as a
finite resources) are resources that do not renew
themselves at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic
extraction in meaningful human timeframes.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form
to another.” Albert Einstein
Modified from wikipedia.com and goodreads.com
Energy
8. (Resnick Institute, Cal. Inst. of Tech., 2013)
Total Global Energy Use by Type
‘Conventional’ and ‘Renewable’
Total = transportation plus electricity
FE = 85%
Energy
10. Paradigm Shift in Clean Energy
Growth in Renewables, Extreme Growth in Natural Gas
Energy
11. Global Renewables
Projection-EU Perspective
NEW Global Energy Added TOTAL Global Energy Portfolio
http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2013/04/charts-renewable-energy-fossil-fuels
Assumes:
•Global Carbon Tax
•Decline in US Energy Demand
•Increase in US Energy Efficiency
•No Global Shale Gas Paradigm
Data from Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Energy
12. The Global Natural Gas Resource
(The result of new science, technology, engineering, math and research)
The areal extent of global
shale gas basins would
cover almost all of the
western hemisphere.
The areal extent of US
shale gas basins would
cover more than half the
country.
Energy
14. Energy and Water are Uniquely Interdependent!
Generally speaking, for energy use, only
2.5(.301+.013) X 31.4(.201+.0046) = 0.21% of global water is available
and must compete with agriculture, industry and domestic consumption.
Energy
15. The US Model - Where energy is generated, transmitted and
utilized is where the jobs will be……in relative proportion!
~95,100,000,000,000,000
63.8% O&G
18.3% Coal
8.5% Nuclear
8.8% Renewable
Efficiency
16. “Each year the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory releases
an analysis of the energy input and
energy use of the US economy to
determine the energy efficiency.
The United States wasted 61% of all
its energy input in 2012. That's
enough energy to power the United
Kingdom for seven years. We are just
39% energy efficient.
Of the 95.1 quadrillion BTUs of raw
energy that entered the US economy,
only 37.0 quadrillion BTUs were
actually used.”
A GREAT REASON FOR RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY!
Factoid: Between the time coal is mined,
burned, the steam turbine generates
electricity, the electricity is transported,
and your incandescent bulb glows, 84%
of the energy from the coal is lost!
Efficiency
17. Transitioning from Energy Waste to Wise
Energy Use – Coal Example
FC Hybrids Smart Grid
We can increase efficiency by more than 10x!
coal electricity
~65% loss ~ 4.8%+ loss
Generation Transmission Distribution
electricity electricity
~ 88% loss
End-Use
~ 5.1% loss
~4 Overall
Efficiency
Adapted from AEP, Ohio Fuel Cell Coalition, June 2009
Ordinary Lighting
Today
Tomorrow ~40 Overall
Efficiency
Coal, gas, renewables electricity electricity Solid-State Lighting
Current Technology
~40% loss ~8% loss ~28% loss
Loss per step
Loss per step
The role of ‘Efficiency’ in Energy is a necessity, critical, paramount…
… and demanding of a STEM education!
Efficiency
18. In 2012, we had the most energy-efficient
economy in US history
from Mark.J.PerryApril26,2013
http://www.aei-ideas.org/2013/04/chart-of-the-day-in-2012-the-us-had-the-most-energy-efficient-economy-in-history/
Efficiency
19. Typical Energy Source Efficiencies (output only)
plus STEM skills needed in these areas
• Solar Cell/Panel ~15 - 21%
• Hydroelectric ~50 - 85%
• Wind ~30 - 35%
• Fuel Cell ~47% electric & ~90%
thermal
• Biomass ~7 - 27% to 30 – 40% if
co-fired
• Tidal ~85% if tides >7 meters
• Geothermal ~16% average
• Coal ~30 - 35%
• Nuclear ~35% based on steam
production
The role of ‘Efficiency’ in Energy is a necessity, critical, paramount…
But remember, efficiency is the result of the entire lifecycle!
… STEM skills are needed for the entire lifecycle.
DOE
Efficiency
20. “US Energy Boom to Create 500,000 Additional Jobs by
2020” 1244 jobs posted globally from
9/6/13 through 9/13/13! 85% of
these jobs require STEM skills!
For September, 2013 URS has 217+ open positions requiring STEM education.
STEM+R Employment
21. Forbes 15 Most Valuable College Majors
(plus a few more)
1. Biomedical Engineering
2. Biochemistry*
3. Computer Science*
4. Software Engineering*
5. Environmental Engineering*
6. Civil Engineering*
7. Geology*
8. Management Information Systems*
9. Petroleum Engineering*
10. Applied Mathematics*
11. Mathematics*
12. Construction Management*
13. Finance*
14. Physics*
15. Statistics*
16. Chemical Engineering
17. Materials Science
18. Mechanical Engineering
19. Process Engineering
20. Safety/Safety Engineering
For global energy needs, it is critically
important to understand that none of
these disciplines are stand-alone.
There is a common thread of
knowledge and understanding in
science and math that is required.
STEM+R Employment
22. Required Skills of the Energy Industry as
Compared with STEM Occupations
BLS (Ben Cover, John I. Jones, and Audrey Watson), 2011, Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) occupations: a visual essay.
Skills required/dominant in both fossil and renewable energy
STEM+R Employment
23. Good Advice from Texas A&M
There is more to STEM than just coursework. STEM graduates
need these skills in any concept of a global energy future.
STEM+R Employment
24. The STEM Dilemma: A UK Perspective
“STEM subjects are integral to the UK’s success: the UK is the world’s
sixth largest manufacturer, engineering turnover is around £800 billion
per year, and whilst the UK makes up only 1% of the world’s
population, we produce 10% of the world’s top scientific research.
Despite this, it is remarkable to note that even though STEM graduates
have the potential to earn amongst the highest salaries of all new
recruits, employers are finding it difficult to recruit STEM skilled staff.
And alongside our need for a skilled STEM workforce, it is crucial that
all young people, regardless of their future career pathway, have the
STEM knowledge and skills they need to be an informed citizen in an
increasingly scientific and technological society.”
http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk
Multiply the issue 5 or 6 times for the US!
STEM+R Employment
25. U.S. Science and Engineering Labor Force
Stalls, but Trends Vary Across States,
Mark Mather and Diana Lavery
Population Research Bureau, http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2012/scientists-engineers.aspx
STEM+R Employment
26. STEM + R: Requirements for Energy (1)
• My Definitions for STEM + R as related to Global Energy:
• Science ≡ the universal foundation principals for understanding,
evaluating, producing, and utilizing energy.
• Technology ≡ a useable product developed from Science +
Engineering.
• Engineering ≡ the discipline of conversion of scientific information
into useful human processes
• Mathematics ≡ the language used to communicate in both Science
and Engineering
• Research ≡ the process of learning, creating, understanding and
merging information through Science and Mathematics into useful
Engineering principles (so that new Technology can be developed)
All in a work scenario that is comprised of Globalized, Multidisciplinary,
High Performance and Advanced Computational work teams!
STEM+R Employment
27. STEM + R: Requirements for Energy (2)
• Academic Needs for STEM + R as related to Global Energy:
• Science ≡ Astronomy, Geosciences, Biosciences, Physics,
Physical Geography, Chemistry
• Technology ≡ Economics, Marketing, Business, Management,
ESHQA
• Engineering ≡ Chemical, Mechanical, Process, Petroleum,
Materials, Computer, Information, Nuclear
• Mathematics ≡ Calculus through Basic Differential Equations,
Statistics (Monte Carlo, Bayesian, etc), Applied
• Research ≡ Advanced Thinking, Lab Processes, Innovation
IMHO, students following an Engineering path should be required to have
more courses in Science and Technology as well as a “How To” Research
course. Students following a Science path should be required to have
“Understanding” Engineering courses as well as Research courses. All
should be required to have basic Technology coursework.
STEM+R Employment
29. Integrated Technology Development
Accelerating Technology through Collaboration – TRL’s
Time
Scale,SystemComplexity
Basic Principle
Paper Study
Proof of Concept
Component Test
(Real Environment)
Basic Energy Science
ARPA-e
R&D Program Demonstration Program
Industry
Component Test
(Laboratory)
Demonstration
(>5% Scale)
Commercial
Operation
Pilot Test
(~5% Scale)
Process Test
(<5% Scale)
STEM training is not just for specific activities but is required for all.
STEM+R Employment
30. STEM is varied and can be fun!
an example from mtu.edu
Good enough?
16 credits
STEM+R Employment
31. Innovation for the Future of Energy
+ =
Paper, pencil
3-5 minutes
> 20 ideas
Thanks to David Owens
Some estimate the Learning Rate
Curve in Energy is about 20%. Some
estimate that the benefit to cost ratio
of Energy Learning (Innovation) is
about 15 to 1. Historically, great
innovation in Energy has come
intermittently followed by progressive
technology. We need both!
STEM+R Employment