This document presents a proposal for a waste to energy plant in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It discusses the background and milestones of the project, including agreements signed in 2005, 2007, and 2008. It then outlines the benefits of the project, such as improving environmental standards, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from landfills, and promoting renewable energy. The document provides an overview of the proposed gasification technology and its multi-stage integrated process to convert waste into syngas and then electricity. It compares the advanced thermal process system technology favorably to incineration in terms of energy recovery, emissions, and footprint. The presentation aims to gain approval for the waste to energy plant project.

1. Proposed Development of a Waste to Energy Plant for
Jeddah Municipality, KSA
A PRESENTATION TO
Gulf Environment Forum (7-9 March 2010)
By
Prof. Dr Mamdouh F. Abdel-Sabour
Head of Environmental Studies Department
Saudi ASMA Environmental Solution (SAES)
S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E & C O N F I D E N T I A L
In Collaboration
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
Municipality of Jeddah Province

2. Project Background
Project Milestones
 25 May 2005. Green Energy & Technology Middle East (GETME) and Octagon Consolidated Berhad
(Octagon) has submitted the proposal for a waste to energy project (Project) which is able to process
2,000 tons/day of municipal solid waste (MSW) and up to 400 tons/day of industrial hazardous waste
(IHW).
 11 Nov 2007. The Municipality agreed in principal for the development of the Project.
 11 Jan 2008. The Municipality request for an independent validation study be conducted for the
Project.
 7 June 2008. GETME/Octagon and the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (“Ministry”) signed an
agreement for GETME/Octagon to undertake independent validation study comprise the followings:
 Technology Validation Study – Stopford Projects Limited (UK), Fides International Consultants Luxemburg and
Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Electro-Physics and Electric Power
 MSW and IHW Waste Study – SAES, Jeddah
 Preliminary Environment Assessment – SAES, Jeddah
 Financial Feasibility – Ernst & Young Consulting Limited, Jeddah
 31 Dec 2008. The Study was submitted to the Municipality and presented on 17 Jan 2009.
 22 March 2009. A letter and report submitted to ECRA to consider the power tariff of SAR0.35 kWH
for the Project.

3.  Improve the environmental and health standards in the city of and
its suburbs through hygienic treatment of MSW.
 The project will convert untreated MSW and IHW into renewable
energy. This will reduce methane (a potent greenhouse gas)
generation from landfills, odour, health hazards and leachate
contamination of ground water that are currently being caused as a
result of disposal of MSW and IHW.
 The project is consistent with government objectives in promoting
an environmentally beneficial project that will significantly improve
waste management, promote renewable energy generation and
reduce the emissions of green house gases.
 Reduce requirement of landfill area for dumping of MSW and IHW,
thereby freeing up land resources for other socially beneficial usage.
 Expand the range of energy generation sources by promoting the
development of renewable energy projects to meet a part of the
energy requirements.
 Promote private sector participation and investment in clean and
renewable energy projects.
Project Benefits

4. Source : Juniper Consultancy Ltd., UK. “Progress Towards Commercialising Waste Gasification” A World Wide Status Report :
Presentation to the Gasification Technology Conference : San Francisco USA 2003 and secondary market information
≤ 5,000c
≤ 1,250c
≤ 1,200c
≤ 700c
-
Advanced Thermal
Process System
Fixed or Fluidised Bed
Gasification
Incineration
Burning (Furnace)
Landfill
Waste Destruction
Energy Generation
Waste Destruction
Energy Generation
Waste Destruction
Landfill
Waste Disposal
Landfill
Waste
Disposal
-Dump Site
Waste
Disposal
No GHG
“Zero” Landfill
No GHG
Landfill/Ashes
GHG, Dioxin/Furan
Landfill/Ashes
GHG, Dioxin/Furan
Ashes
GHG
Leachate
GHG
Leachate
Temp.Technology Selection Outcome
Environmental
Issues
TechnologyEvolution
Technology Application
Progress of Technology for Waste Destruction

5. Technology improvement naturally draws increased capital cost but … the
improvements minimize or mitigate adverse environmental and health
impacts
Dumping Landfill Sanitary
Landfill
Incinerator Gasification Advanced Thermal
Process System
Water source
contamination
Air pollution
impacts
Overall
environmental
costs
Various waste
disposal
technologies
Uncontrolled leachate: high risk
of water contamination
Moderate risk of water
contamination
Controlled leachate:
Minimised water contamination
Moderate to high risk of air
pollution from methane
Moderate risk of air
pollution from methane
Risk of air pollution from
furans & dioxins presents
No risk of
air pollution
Prospect for
energy
recovery
No prospect of recovery of
energy waste
Minimal prospect of recovery
of energy from waste
HIGH
High prospect of recovery of energy waste
(energy recovery is maximised)
MODERATE LOW NEGLIGLIBLE
Tipping Fees
per Ton
Technology Application
Progress of Technology for Waste Destruction

6.  Higher awareness of environmental, safety and health
impacts
 More stringent requirement for compliance with emission
standards
 Land scarcity
 Drawing the most efficient recovery of energy from wastes
 Not least, escalating fuel prices which makes fossil fuel
more expensive for power generation
 Competitive cost of technology over time
Waste disposal technology improves over time as a result of,
inter-alia :-
Technology Application
Progress of Technology for Waste Destruction

7. Plasma Torch

9. GreenTech Advanced Thermal
Process Reactor Configuration
SYNGAS EXIT
WASTE FEED
PORTS
CO ENHANCEMENT
THERMAL ENERGY
SYSTEM
MOLTEN SLAG
TAPPING PORT

10. ATPR - Operating
Temperature Profile
SYNGAS EXIT
1200 – 1400O
C
GASIFICATION
3000 – 1400O
C
SYNGAS RETENTION
3000 – 1400O
C
CARBON BED
5000 – 3000O
C
THERMAL ENERGY INPUT
8000 – 3000O
C

11. 1. Recycle and RDF Processing
Stage Integrated Process

12. 1. GASIFICATION OF THE WASTE 2. FILTERATION AND GAS CLEANING
3. GAS COMPRESSION & CONDITIONING 4. COMBINE CYCLE POWER GENERATION
THE BASIC STAGES OF
GREENTECH WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT
LP SYNGAS
COMPRESSOR
ESD VALVE
EMERGENCY FLARE
BLOWER
LP CONDENSATE
KNOCK-OUT
DRUM
CONDENSATE
PUMP
HP CONDENSATE
KNOCK-OUT
DRUM
HP SYNGAS
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSATE
PUMP
TO EMERGENCY
FLARE
SYNGAS TO
QUENCH
FROM GAS
CLEAN-UP
RECUPERATOR
CONDENSATE
PUMP
CONDITIONED GAS TO
POWER GENERATION
FC on pH
LC
SATURATOR
BAG FILTER
INDUCED
DRAFT
BLOWER
HCl
ABSORBER
COLUMN
QUENCH
SOLUTION
DRUM
QUENCH FEED PUMP
RE-CYCLE PUMP
RE-CYCLE HEAT-X
FCV
FCV
FCV
SOLIDS COLLECTION
CONVEYOR
NAOH MAKEUP SOLUTION
SYNGAS WASTE HEAT
STEAM GENERATOR
SYNGAS FROM
QUENCH VESSEL
HP STEAM
ATOMIZED
SYNGAS
RE-CYCLED
WATER
VITIRFIED SLAG
FOR RE-USE
THERMAL
REACTOR
VESSEL
SLAG QUENCH CONVEYOR
QUENCH
VESSEL
PARTICULATE STORAGE
PARTICULATE TO
GASIFIER FOR
RECYCLE
COKE SUPPLY
SYSTEM
WASTE &
LIME FEED
SYSTEM
SYNGAS TO
GAS
CLEANING
QUENCH
FLUID
CO Enhancement
System
WASTE &
LIME FEED
SYSTEM
Torch Air
Compressor
1st
Stage Heat Recovery
HP
Steam
De-min
Water
Steam condensing loop
Liquid Waste
Feed Port
DE-MIN WATER MAKER &
MAKE-UP SYSTEM
FC
FCV
AIR COOLED STEAM
CONDENSER
EMISSIONS
CONTROL
SYSTEM
PCV
START-UP &
EMERGENCY FUEL
SUPPLY
4
KNOCK-OUT
DRUM
HEAT RECOVERY
STEAM GENERATOR
STG
AC
GENERATOR
FCDV
CONDITIONED GAS
FROM RECUPERATOR
CTG
AC
GENERATOR
H P STEAM FROM
1st
STAGE HEAT
RECOVERY SYSTEM
& WASTE HEAT
STEAM GENERATOR
WATER TO WASTE
HEAT STEAM
GENERATOR

13. 2. Gasification of the Waste
VITIRFIED SLAG
FOR RE-USE
Thermal
Reactor
Vessel
SLAG QUENCH CONVEYOR
QUENCH
VESSEL
PARTICULATE STORAGE
PARTICULATE TO
GASIFIER FOR
RECYCLE
COKE SUPPLY
SYSTEM
WASTE &
LIME FEED
SYSTEM
SYNGAS TO
GAS
CLEANING
QUENCH
FLUID
CO Enhancement
System
WASTE &
LIME FEED
SYSTEM
Air
Compressor
1st
Stage Heat Recovery
HP
Steam
De-min
Water
Steam condensing loop
Liquid Waste
Feed Port
Stage Integrated Process

14. FC on pH
LC
SATURATOR
BAG FILTER
INDUCED
DRAFT
BLOWER
HCl
ABSORBER
COLUMN
QUENCH
SOLUTION
DRUM
QUENCH FEED PUMP
RE-CYCLE PUMP
RE-CYCLE HEAT-X
FCV
FCV
FCV
SOLIDS COLLECTION
CONVEYOR
NAOH MAKEUP SOLUTION
SYNGAS WASTE HEAT
STEAM GENERATOR
SYNGAS FROM
QUENCH VESSEL
HP STEAM
ATOMIZED
SYNGAS
RE-CYCLED
WATER
3a. Cooling – Filtration - HCl Absorption
Stage Integrated Process

15. SYNGAS FROM HCl ABSORBER
CONDENSATE TO
SLAG CONVEYOR
SOUR GAS
(LP) COMPRESSOR
TO EMERGENCY
FLARE
ESD VALVE
EMERGENCY FLARE
BLOWER
CONDENSATE
KNOCK-OUT DRUM
FLUSH WATER
SLURRY PUMP
AIR BLOWER
VENT TO SAFE AREA
SYNGAS TO HP COMPRESSOR
H2S CONTACTOR
REMOVAL VESSEL
H2S REGENERATION
DEGASSER VESSEL
H2
S REGENERATION
SURGE SETTLER
VESSEL
SULPHER CAKE
FILTER
SULPHER CAKE
COLLECTION
REGEN FEED PUMP
H2S CONTACTOR
RE-CYCLE PUMP
H2S CONTACTOR
SOLUTION MAKE-UP
28
CONDENSATE
PUMP
M
ATOMIZED SYNGAS TO
QUENCH VESSEL
3b. 1st Stage Compression - H2S Removal
Stage Integrated Process

16. HP CONDENSATE
KNOCK-OUT
DRUM
HP SYNGAS
COMPRESSOR
RECUPERATOR
CONDENSATE
PUMP
CONDITIONED GAS TO
POWER GENERATION
LP SYNGAS
COMPRESSOR
ESD VALVE
EMERGENCY FLARE
BLOWER
LP CONDENSATE
KNOCK-OUT DRUM
CONDENSATE
PUMP
CONDENSATE
PUMP
SYNGAS TO
QUENCH
FROM GAS
CLEAN-UP
5/6-Stage Integrated Process
4. Gas Compression and Conditioning

17. 5. Combine Cycle Power Generation
5/6 - Stage Integrated Process
DE-MIN WATER MAKER &
MAKE-UP SYSTEM
FC
FCV
AIR COOLED STEAM
CONDENSER
EMISSIONS
CONTROL
SYSTEM
PCV
START-UP &
EMERGENCY FUEL
SUPPLY
4
KNOCK-OUT
DRUM
HEAT RECOVERY
STEAM GENERATOR
STG
AC
GENERATOR
FCDV
CONDITIONED GAS
FROM RECUPERATOR
CTG
AC
GENERATOR
H P STEAM FROM
1st
STAGE HEAT
RECOVERY SYSTEM
& WASTE HEAT
STEAM GENERATOR
WATER TO WASTE
HEAT STEAM
GENERATOR

18. DCS & System Monitoring
Z Z Z Z Z
V A Hz
HV/LV Switch Room
VSA Oxygen
Generation
Plant start-up
& Emergency
Power System PSA Nitrogen
Generation
Water Treatment
& Storage
Diesel Day Tank
Water
Storage
Firewater
Storage
Fire & Gas Detection
& Safety Systems
Water Cooling & Re-cycling
Safety Support and
Utility System

19.  Higher Energy Recovery
 No Chemical Treatment or Solidification for Slag Eliminating
requirements for ash and residual materials land filling (zero landfill)
 Final and Permanent solution
 Significantly Greater Volume Reduction
 Smaller Overall Plant Footprint
 Greater Flexibility of Waste Streams being Processed for the same
given Plant
 Significantly lower emissions – No SVOCs
 Lower cost and shorter construction time
The Waste to Energy Process Flow
Advanced Thermal Process System Vs Incineration Burning

20. Green solutions for Environmental Dilemma !!

21. Toyohashi, Japan Mitsui R1 2002 120,000 TPY
Kawaguchi, Japan Ebara 2002 125,000 TPY
Kazusa, Japan Nippon Steel 2002 60,000 TPY
Aomori, Japan Ebara 2001 135,000 TPY
Technology Track Record
Independent Validation and Experience

22. WTE Plants produce electricity “with less
environmental impact than almost any other source
of electricity” – US EPA
22

23. Technology Track Record
Independent Validation and Experience
 Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Electro-Physics and Electric Power.
“Calculations and experiments prove that plasma methods of waste and coal
treatment are economically beneficial and ecologically friendly. Plasma generators
operating on water vapour are the most promising for treatment of organic-containing
waste for syngas production”.
 Concept Engineering Design validated by Simon Carves Limited, UK.
 Front End Engineering Design undertaken by Stopford Projects Limited, UK (completed)
 Detailed engineering design undertaken by Stopford Projects Limited, UK (work in progress)
 Gasification Vessel Design and CO Enhancement validated by Stopford Projects Limited and
PSE, UK.
 Individual process is proven technologies undertaken by companies with strong track
record including: Fairport, UK (Waste Receiving, Sorting and RDF Production), Europlasma,
FR (Plasma Torches and Reactor Design), La Gas Integral, FR (Gas Processing), Peter
Brotherhood, UK (Gas Compression), General Electric, USA (MV Power Generation),
Caterpillar, USA (LV Power Generation), EPCC contractors in KSA (Civil and Utilities)

24. Technology Suitability
 Multiple feedstock capability
 Capable of receiving, handling, processing and disposing, different types of wastes (e.g., MSW, IHW) concurrently.
 Complete destruction of wastes
 Plasma gasification process is a NO BURN process hence, it does produce residuals, i.e., fly & bottom ashes as
typically found with incinerators.
 Fly & bottom ashes are harmful, may contain heavy metals and require secure landfilling. Since plasma gasification
does not produced ash, landfilling will no longer be a requirement.
 Maximum energy recovery from wastes
 Plasma gasification process is designed and engineered to ensure efficient energy recovery from wastes.
 Environmentally friendly
 Operating at temperature range of about 3,000oC in the Gasification Zone in an oxygen starved environment, are
realised in the plasma reactor therefore, plasma gasification process presents no opportunity for formation of
hazardous flue gases, e.g., dioxin & furans, SOx and Nox.
 Clean Development Mechanism under Kyoto Protocol
 Capable for qualification as CDM project, i.e., reduction of emission of methane typically from landfills and reduction
of CO2 emission from avoidance of use of fossil fuels for power generation.
Project Feasibility
Technology Suitability

25.  25 May 2005. Project Proposal
 11 Nov 2007. Agreement in Principal by the Municipality
 11 Jan 2008. Request for GETME/Octagon to undertake Independent Validation Study
(Study)
 7 June 2008. Agreement between GETME/Octagon and the Ministry of Municipal and
Rural Affairs (“Ministry”) for the Study
 31 Dec 2008. The Study submitted to Municipality and presented on 17 Jan 2009.
 22 March 2009. Report submitted to ECRA to consider power tariff of SAR0.35 kWH
 19 April 2009. Request Approval-in-Principal for Feed in Power Tariff subject to further
approvals from the relevant authorities
 May – Dec 2009. Municipality Award Process and Engineering Work
 Jan 2010. Execute Concession Agreement for MSW/IHW and Power Purchase Agreement
 March 2010. Commence Project Construction
 March 2012. Construction Completed
 June 2012. Plant Commissioning
Moving Forward
Request to ECRA

26. Thank You