The document discusses how API management is evolving in the modern cloud native era with microservices and service meshes. It describes how decoupling applications into microservices and using service meshes to handle communication challenges impacts the role of API gateways. Specifically, API management involves more than just API gateways and requires solutions that separate the data plane from the control plane to adapt to changing architectures in a cloud native world. The document suggests patterns for cloud native API management that use microgateways and Envoy proxies combined with API management platforms.