This document is a letter informing Dr. Masoud Yadollahi Zadeh that their paper titled "A New Approach To Obtain Maximum Benefit In Electricity Markets Based On The Newton Iteration Equation" has been accepted for presentation at the 13th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Mathematical Methods and Computational Techniques in Electrical Engineering in Angers, France from November 17-19, 2011. The letter provides information on registering for the conference, guidelines for preparing papers for the proceedings, and notes that the best papers may be invited for journal publication. It encourages Dr. Yadollahi Zadeh's attendance and participation in the conference.
The document is an invitation letter from the general chair of the IEEE EPEC 2011 Conference to Mr. Masoud Yadollahi Zadeh. It invites him to participate in the conference from October 3-5, 2011 in Winnipeg, Canada, where he will be presenting his paper titled "Nash Equilibrium In competitive Electricity Markets". It provides details about the conference objectives, acknowledges that all expenses will be covered by the participant or their company, and provides contact information for the registration chair if he has any other questions.
This document informs Masoud Yadollahi zadeh that his paper titled "Profit Maximization in Competitive Electricity Markets" has been accepted for oral presentation at the IEEE 3rd International Power and Energy Conference (PECon2010) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 29 to December 1, 2010. The author is asked to address comments from reviewers to improve the paper and pre-register for the conference. The acceptance is conditional on at least one author attending to present the paper.
This document presents a vision for integrated European electricity markets in 2030. It discusses the development of electricity markets from national to regional models. As transmission networks expand, markets move from zonal pricing models to increasingly complex nodal pricing models to account for transmission constraints. The document examines existing market models in Europe, including the Nordic countries, Central West Europe, PJM, Texas, Australia and New Zealand; outlining their key features such as pricing mechanisms, generation sources, and consumption levels. The vision is for an efficient European market that ensures secure, affordable and sustainable electricity supply.
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session 1Leonardo ENERGY
This session is devoted to the design of schemes for the large-scale dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Market-based mechanisms overcome partly the limits of donor aid-projects. They build on public-private partnerships where a network of local entrepreneurs contributes to the maintenance of systems.
The example of solar home systems will be explained. Even if there are in many instances in parity with fossil fuels, small photovoltaic systems remain unaffordable for the majority of rural inhabitants without proper financial support mechanisms. But in the most active countries, the number of systems disseminated is now in the range of several ten thousands to several hundred thousands systems, thanks to the implementation of rural energy services companies.
Recent technological innovation could contribute to the acceleration of the diffusion of solar photovoltaic. The innovation introduced by the massive diffusion of mobile phones in developing countries tends simultaneously to create new markets for small photovoltaic systems and could improve the conditions for the diffusion of these systems by facilitating the daily management of these systems by rural energy services companies. Furthermore, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) technology opens new perspectives of self-sustained market diffusion.
The implementation of small rural energy services companies can also help to disseminate a wider range of products: LPG, cookstoves, biodigesters... New practices from rural energy providers tend to target more precisely the demand of end-users by combining the offer of photovoltaic systems with a variety of technologies to satisfy other energy needs than basic lighting in rural areas.
Concrete case studies from the dissemination of different renewable energy technologies in developing countries will be presented, notably in Zambia, South Africa, Bangladesh, China...
It will conclude with the institutional and regulatory framework that needs to be implemented to help rural energy services companies to thrive even in the most remote areas of developing countries.
The document summarizes the deregulation and privatization of the UK electricity market in the 1990s. It discusses how the industry was separated into generation, transmission, distribution, and supply segments. It also describes how the electricity pool pricing mechanism works, with generators submitting hourly bids and the market clearing price being set where supply meets demand. There is discussion of whether prices are too high due to potential market power of generators and price volatility. The Competition Commission was tasked with reviewing the market and determining if generators refusing a "Market Abuse Licence Condition" was against the public interest.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 2 - Market DesignLeonardo ENERGY
This section explains the main properties of different types of electricity markets exhibiting different level of competition and different forms of organisation.
• General market models : vertically integrated companies / single buyer / wholesale competition / retail competition
• Power pools : Price based / Cost based
• Markets with bilateral trade
• Balancing markets
• Power exchanges
The document discusses peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading between households in a community microgrid. It proposes three market paradigms for P2P energy trading: bill sharing, mid-market rate, and an auction-based pricing strategy. It finds that with 30-50% of households having solar PV installations, P2P energy trading can reduce a community's total energy costs by around 30% due to diversity of energy demands being met locally. P2P energy trading provides opportunities for local energy generation and use within a community.
The document is an invitation letter from the general chair of the IEEE EPEC 2011 Conference to Mr. Masoud Yadollahi Zadeh. It invites him to participate in the conference from October 3-5, 2011 in Winnipeg, Canada, where he will be presenting his paper titled "Nash Equilibrium In competitive Electricity Markets". It provides details about the conference objectives, acknowledges that all expenses will be covered by the participant or their company, and provides contact information for the registration chair if he has any other questions.
This document informs Masoud Yadollahi zadeh that his paper titled "Profit Maximization in Competitive Electricity Markets" has been accepted for oral presentation at the IEEE 3rd International Power and Energy Conference (PECon2010) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 29 to December 1, 2010. The author is asked to address comments from reviewers to improve the paper and pre-register for the conference. The acceptance is conditional on at least one author attending to present the paper.
This document presents a vision for integrated European electricity markets in 2030. It discusses the development of electricity markets from national to regional models. As transmission networks expand, markets move from zonal pricing models to increasingly complex nodal pricing models to account for transmission constraints. The document examines existing market models in Europe, including the Nordic countries, Central West Europe, PJM, Texas, Australia and New Zealand; outlining their key features such as pricing mechanisms, generation sources, and consumption levels. The vision is for an efficient European market that ensures secure, affordable and sustainable electricity supply.
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session 1Leonardo ENERGY
This session is devoted to the design of schemes for the large-scale dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Market-based mechanisms overcome partly the limits of donor aid-projects. They build on public-private partnerships where a network of local entrepreneurs contributes to the maintenance of systems.
The example of solar home systems will be explained. Even if there are in many instances in parity with fossil fuels, small photovoltaic systems remain unaffordable for the majority of rural inhabitants without proper financial support mechanisms. But in the most active countries, the number of systems disseminated is now in the range of several ten thousands to several hundred thousands systems, thanks to the implementation of rural energy services companies.
Recent technological innovation could contribute to the acceleration of the diffusion of solar photovoltaic. The innovation introduced by the massive diffusion of mobile phones in developing countries tends simultaneously to create new markets for small photovoltaic systems and could improve the conditions for the diffusion of these systems by facilitating the daily management of these systems by rural energy services companies. Furthermore, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) technology opens new perspectives of self-sustained market diffusion.
The implementation of small rural energy services companies can also help to disseminate a wider range of products: LPG, cookstoves, biodigesters... New practices from rural energy providers tend to target more precisely the demand of end-users by combining the offer of photovoltaic systems with a variety of technologies to satisfy other energy needs than basic lighting in rural areas.
Concrete case studies from the dissemination of different renewable energy technologies in developing countries will be presented, notably in Zambia, South Africa, Bangladesh, China...
It will conclude with the institutional and regulatory framework that needs to be implemented to help rural energy services companies to thrive even in the most remote areas of developing countries.
The document summarizes the deregulation and privatization of the UK electricity market in the 1990s. It discusses how the industry was separated into generation, transmission, distribution, and supply segments. It also describes how the electricity pool pricing mechanism works, with generators submitting hourly bids and the market clearing price being set where supply meets demand. There is discussion of whether prices are too high due to potential market power of generators and price volatility. The Competition Commission was tasked with reviewing the market and determining if generators refusing a "Market Abuse Licence Condition" was against the public interest.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 2 - Market DesignLeonardo ENERGY
This section explains the main properties of different types of electricity markets exhibiting different level of competition and different forms of organisation.
• General market models : vertically integrated companies / single buyer / wholesale competition / retail competition
• Power pools : Price based / Cost based
• Markets with bilateral trade
• Balancing markets
• Power exchanges
The document discusses peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading between households in a community microgrid. It proposes three market paradigms for P2P energy trading: bill sharing, mid-market rate, and an auction-based pricing strategy. It finds that with 30-50% of households having solar PV installations, P2P energy trading can reduce a community's total energy costs by around 30% due to diversity of energy demands being met locally. P2P energy trading provides opportunities for local energy generation and use within a community.
Arpan Patra has been accepted to participate in the 2016 HPAIR Asia Conference in Hong Kong from August 19-23. HPAIR is a partnership between Harvard University students and faculty that discusses important economic, political, and social issues relevant to the Asia-Pacific region. Past speakers include former heads of state and business leaders. HPAIR conferences bring together distinguished speakers and future leaders to find common ground on Asian issues through ideas and actions from across the world.
Articles are demonstrative adjectives used before nouns or adjectives. There are two types of articles: indefinite articles and definite articles. Indefinite articles include "a" and "an" and are used before singular countable nouns. Definite articles include "the" and are used before specific or known nouns. Articles are omitted in certain cases such as before abstract nouns, proper nouns, material nouns, uncountable nouns, plural nouns used generally, and titles after proper nouns.
Ms. Fink created the Executive Women's Forum (EWF) in 2005 as a pilot program at CohnReznick to help women build professional networks and support each other's success. The program has since expanded nationally across six offices. Ms. Fink believes courage involves facing one's fears and embracing risk-taking. She notes that society has not traditionally rewarded courageous behaviors in women. To develop courageous leadership, Ms. Fink recommends facing fears, allowing failure, surrounding oneself with role models, rewarding innovation, envisioning goals, and considering all perspectives.
The authors analyzed over 1,100 publications by members of the Medical Library Association's Research Section from 1970 to 2014. They found that the top journals for publication were the Journal of the Medical Library Association and Library Journal. The most prolific authors were Barbara Epstein, Margaret Henderson, and Linda Smith. Papers by Carol Lefebvre, Shandra Protzko, and Michele Tennant were among the most highly cited and influential. Research Section members frequently collaborated with other healthcare professionals and published in medical journals, demonstrating their impact beyond library science. The analysis provided insight into the Research Section's role in advancing scholarly communication and evidence-based practice in health sciences librarianship.
Drexel University: Business and Privacy in the Cloud Jim Adler
This document discusses business and privacy in cloud computing. It covers what cloud computing is, how data is used and accessed in the cloud, and issues around data control and privacy. Key points addressed include the vast amount of data being uploaded to the cloud, both personal and non-personal data, as well as concerns users have around how their data may be used or shared. The document also discusses how concepts of public and private have evolved with technology and cloud computing.
Este documento contiene información sobre sistemas operativos. Explica conceptos clave como memoria real, jerarquía de memoria, administración de memoria, administración de dispositivos de entrada y salida, almacenamiento virtual, administración de archivos y planificación de discos. También incluye diagramas que ilustran estos conceptos y algoritmos comunes como reemplazo de páginas.
Sistemas operativos por niveles y su definicion de cada una de las capas.honeyjimenez
El documento describe los siete niveles de la estructura de un sistema operativo. La capa 1 es la interfaz de usuario, la capa 2 es la interfaz de comando, la capa 3 es el administrador de memoria, la capa 4 es el administrador de archivos, la capa 5 es el administrador de dispositivos de entrada y salida, la capa 6 es el administrador de procesos y la capa 7 es el hardware físico.
This study evaluated the correlation between physical features of a watershed and its geological, geomorphological, and pedological aspects. The study area was the Guariroba stream subwatershed in Brazil. Data on the watershed's physical characteristics, geology, geomorphology, and pedology were collected. Correlations between spatial data and physical features were analyzed. Few strong correlations between physical features and geology or geomorphology were found. However, several physical features like area, perimeter, elevation, drainage density, and overland flow length showed strong correlations with types of soils in the watershed, particularly entisols occurrence and sandy soils with or without organic layers. The physical features of the watershed were found to be correlated
El documento describe cómo la cultura influye en la salud y la enfermedad en la comunidad salvadoreña. Explica que la cultura moldea los comportamientos y prácticas que predisponen a ciertas enfermedades. También influye en la percepción y tratamiento de la salud y la enfermedad. Finalmente, destaca la importancia de promover una "cultura de la salud" a través de la educación para modificar conductas no saludables.
Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e CandeeirosPedro Peixoto
Trabalho realizado pela Ana Catarina, aluna nº 1 da turma do 1º ano do curso profissional de Técnico de Turismo Ambiental e Rural do Agrupamento de Escolas de Oliveira de Frades, no âmbito da disciplina de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural, do módulo 8 "Áreas Protegidas"
Quantum computing harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to process information using quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in superpositions of states. It allows qubits to be entangled so that measurements of one qubit instantly affect others. This enables quantum computers to potentially solve certain problems exponentially faster than classical computers by performing calculations on all possible combinations of inputs simultaneously. However, quantum systems are fragile and prone to decoherence, making it challenging to perform many logical operations before error occurs. While still in early stages of development, quantum computing shows promise for applications in optimization, machine learning, and other domains where large data sets require extensive processing.
El documento describe las diferentes herramientas y galerías en la ficha Insertar de un programa de edición de documentos que permiten dar formato al texto y otros elementos. Estas herramientas incluyen galerías de temas, estilos rápidos y controles que permiten coordinar la apariencia del documento y cambiar fácilmente el formato.
Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission PricingIJERA Editor
Congestion Management is one of the major tasks performed by system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In the emerging electric power market, the congestion management becomes extremely important and it can impose a barrier to the electricity trading. In the present paper, a concept of transmission congestion penalty factors is developed and implemented to control power overflows in transmission lines for congestion management. Here we presents a Re-dispatch methodology for cost of transmission network to its user. The transmission price computation considers the physical impact caused by the market agents in the transmission network. The paper includes case study for IEEE 5 bus power system.
Gravitational Search Algorithm for Bidding Strategy in Uniform Price Spot MarketIRJET Journal
This document presents a gravitational search algorithm to develop an optimal bidding strategy for a generator in a deregulated electricity market. The algorithm aims to maximize the generator's profit by determining the optimal block price to bid. It models the electricity market as a static non-cooperative game with imperfect information. The algorithm predicts rivals' bidding behavior using a normal probability distribution and formulates the generator's bidding strategy as a stochastic optimization problem. Simulation results from applying the gravitational search algorithm are compared to results from genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithms.
Bi-Level Optimization based Coordinated Bidding Strategy of a Supplier in Ele...IJERD Editor
This document presents a bi-level optimization problem formulation to develop an optimal coordinated bidding strategy for a supplier participating in the Day-Ahead Energy Market and Balancing Energy Market. The lower level problem represents the market clearing process of these markets, while the upper level problem represents the supplier's profit maximization objective. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is used to solve the non-linear bi-level optimization problem. The approach is tested on a 5-bus system and results are compared to a Genetic Algorithm approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Optimal power flow based congestion management using enhanced genetic algorithmsIJECEIAES
Congestion management (CM) in the deregulated power systems is germane and of central importance to the power industry. In this paper, an optimal power flow (OPF) based CM approach is proposed whose objective is to minimize the absolute MW of rescheduling. The proposed optimization problem is solved with the objectives of total generation cost minimization and the total congestion cost minimization. In the centralized market clearing model, the sellers (i.e., the competitive generators) submit their incremental and decremental bid prices in a real-time balancing market. These can then be incorporated in the OPF problem to yield the incremental/ decremental change in the generator outputs. In the bilateral market model, every transaction contract will include a compensation price that the buyer-seller pair is willing to accept for its transaction to be curtailed. The modeling of bilateral transactions are equivalent to the modifying the power injections at seller and buyer buses. The proposed CM approach is solved by using the evolutionary based Enhanced Genetic Algorithms (EGA). IEEE 30 bus system is considered to show the effectiveness of proposed CM approach.
The document discusses electricity deregulation and the requirements for a deregulated electricity market. It outlines the benefits of deregulation such as more efficient use of generation capacity, improved consumer choice, and potentially lower prices. In a deregulated market there are different entities like generators, transmitters, distributors, retailers, and customers. Regulation is still needed to prevent monopoly behavior and ensure reliability. The document compares regulated versus deregulated industry structures and different market models for electricity trading. It also discusses issues in deregulated markets like network congestion, supply shortages, defaults, and lack of experience with risk hedging tools. The objective of India's Electricity Act of 2003 was to introduce competition while protecting consumers and ensuring universal access to electricity
GENCO Optimal Bidding Strategy and Profit Based Unit Commitment using Evolutio...IJECEIAES
In deregulated electricity markets, generation companies (GENCOs) make unit com- mitment (UC) decisions based on a profit maximization objective in what is termed profit based unit commitment (PBUC). PBUC is done for the GENCO’s demand which is a summation of its bilateral demand and allocations from the spot energy market. While the bilateral demand is known, allocations from the spot energy market depend on the GENCO’s bidding strategy. A GENCO thus requires an optimal bidding strategy (OBS) which when combined with a PBUC approach would maximize operating profits. In this paper, a solution of the combined OBS-PBUC problem is presented. An evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) algorithm is implemented for solving the optimization problem. Simulation results carried out for a test power system with GENCOs of differing market strengths show that the optimal bidding strategy depends on the GENCO’s market power. Larger GENCOs with significant market power would typically bid higher to raise market clearing prices while smaller GENCOs would typically bid lower to capture a larger portion of the spot market demand. It is also illustrated that the proposed EPSO algorithm has a better performance in terms of solution quality than the classical PSO algorithm.
Arpan Patra has been accepted to participate in the 2016 HPAIR Asia Conference in Hong Kong from August 19-23. HPAIR is a partnership between Harvard University students and faculty that discusses important economic, political, and social issues relevant to the Asia-Pacific region. Past speakers include former heads of state and business leaders. HPAIR conferences bring together distinguished speakers and future leaders to find common ground on Asian issues through ideas and actions from across the world.
Articles are demonstrative adjectives used before nouns or adjectives. There are two types of articles: indefinite articles and definite articles. Indefinite articles include "a" and "an" and are used before singular countable nouns. Definite articles include "the" and are used before specific or known nouns. Articles are omitted in certain cases such as before abstract nouns, proper nouns, material nouns, uncountable nouns, plural nouns used generally, and titles after proper nouns.
Ms. Fink created the Executive Women's Forum (EWF) in 2005 as a pilot program at CohnReznick to help women build professional networks and support each other's success. The program has since expanded nationally across six offices. Ms. Fink believes courage involves facing one's fears and embracing risk-taking. She notes that society has not traditionally rewarded courageous behaviors in women. To develop courageous leadership, Ms. Fink recommends facing fears, allowing failure, surrounding oneself with role models, rewarding innovation, envisioning goals, and considering all perspectives.
The authors analyzed over 1,100 publications by members of the Medical Library Association's Research Section from 1970 to 2014. They found that the top journals for publication were the Journal of the Medical Library Association and Library Journal. The most prolific authors were Barbara Epstein, Margaret Henderson, and Linda Smith. Papers by Carol Lefebvre, Shandra Protzko, and Michele Tennant were among the most highly cited and influential. Research Section members frequently collaborated with other healthcare professionals and published in medical journals, demonstrating their impact beyond library science. The analysis provided insight into the Research Section's role in advancing scholarly communication and evidence-based practice in health sciences librarianship.
Drexel University: Business and Privacy in the Cloud Jim Adler
This document discusses business and privacy in cloud computing. It covers what cloud computing is, how data is used and accessed in the cloud, and issues around data control and privacy. Key points addressed include the vast amount of data being uploaded to the cloud, both personal and non-personal data, as well as concerns users have around how their data may be used or shared. The document also discusses how concepts of public and private have evolved with technology and cloud computing.
Este documento contiene información sobre sistemas operativos. Explica conceptos clave como memoria real, jerarquía de memoria, administración de memoria, administración de dispositivos de entrada y salida, almacenamiento virtual, administración de archivos y planificación de discos. También incluye diagramas que ilustran estos conceptos y algoritmos comunes como reemplazo de páginas.
Sistemas operativos por niveles y su definicion de cada una de las capas.honeyjimenez
El documento describe los siete niveles de la estructura de un sistema operativo. La capa 1 es la interfaz de usuario, la capa 2 es la interfaz de comando, la capa 3 es el administrador de memoria, la capa 4 es el administrador de archivos, la capa 5 es el administrador de dispositivos de entrada y salida, la capa 6 es el administrador de procesos y la capa 7 es el hardware físico.
This study evaluated the correlation between physical features of a watershed and its geological, geomorphological, and pedological aspects. The study area was the Guariroba stream subwatershed in Brazil. Data on the watershed's physical characteristics, geology, geomorphology, and pedology were collected. Correlations between spatial data and physical features were analyzed. Few strong correlations between physical features and geology or geomorphology were found. However, several physical features like area, perimeter, elevation, drainage density, and overland flow length showed strong correlations with types of soils in the watershed, particularly entisols occurrence and sandy soils with or without organic layers. The physical features of the watershed were found to be correlated
El documento describe cómo la cultura influye en la salud y la enfermedad en la comunidad salvadoreña. Explica que la cultura moldea los comportamientos y prácticas que predisponen a ciertas enfermedades. También influye en la percepción y tratamiento de la salud y la enfermedad. Finalmente, destaca la importancia de promover una "cultura de la salud" a través de la educación para modificar conductas no saludables.
Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e CandeeirosPedro Peixoto
Trabalho realizado pela Ana Catarina, aluna nº 1 da turma do 1º ano do curso profissional de Técnico de Turismo Ambiental e Rural do Agrupamento de Escolas de Oliveira de Frades, no âmbito da disciplina de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural, do módulo 8 "Áreas Protegidas"
Quantum computing harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to process information using quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in superpositions of states. It allows qubits to be entangled so that measurements of one qubit instantly affect others. This enables quantum computers to potentially solve certain problems exponentially faster than classical computers by performing calculations on all possible combinations of inputs simultaneously. However, quantum systems are fragile and prone to decoherence, making it challenging to perform many logical operations before error occurs. While still in early stages of development, quantum computing shows promise for applications in optimization, machine learning, and other domains where large data sets require extensive processing.
El documento describe las diferentes herramientas y galerías en la ficha Insertar de un programa de edición de documentos que permiten dar formato al texto y otros elementos. Estas herramientas incluyen galerías de temas, estilos rápidos y controles que permiten coordinar la apariencia del documento y cambiar fácilmente el formato.
Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission PricingIJERA Editor
Congestion Management is one of the major tasks performed by system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In the emerging electric power market, the congestion management becomes extremely important and it can impose a barrier to the electricity trading. In the present paper, a concept of transmission congestion penalty factors is developed and implemented to control power overflows in transmission lines for congestion management. Here we presents a Re-dispatch methodology for cost of transmission network to its user. The transmission price computation considers the physical impact caused by the market agents in the transmission network. The paper includes case study for IEEE 5 bus power system.
Gravitational Search Algorithm for Bidding Strategy in Uniform Price Spot MarketIRJET Journal
This document presents a gravitational search algorithm to develop an optimal bidding strategy for a generator in a deregulated electricity market. The algorithm aims to maximize the generator's profit by determining the optimal block price to bid. It models the electricity market as a static non-cooperative game with imperfect information. The algorithm predicts rivals' bidding behavior using a normal probability distribution and formulates the generator's bidding strategy as a stochastic optimization problem. Simulation results from applying the gravitational search algorithm are compared to results from genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithms.
Bi-Level Optimization based Coordinated Bidding Strategy of a Supplier in Ele...IJERD Editor
This document presents a bi-level optimization problem formulation to develop an optimal coordinated bidding strategy for a supplier participating in the Day-Ahead Energy Market and Balancing Energy Market. The lower level problem represents the market clearing process of these markets, while the upper level problem represents the supplier's profit maximization objective. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is used to solve the non-linear bi-level optimization problem. The approach is tested on a 5-bus system and results are compared to a Genetic Algorithm approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Optimal power flow based congestion management using enhanced genetic algorithmsIJECEIAES
Congestion management (CM) in the deregulated power systems is germane and of central importance to the power industry. In this paper, an optimal power flow (OPF) based CM approach is proposed whose objective is to minimize the absolute MW of rescheduling. The proposed optimization problem is solved with the objectives of total generation cost minimization and the total congestion cost minimization. In the centralized market clearing model, the sellers (i.e., the competitive generators) submit their incremental and decremental bid prices in a real-time balancing market. These can then be incorporated in the OPF problem to yield the incremental/ decremental change in the generator outputs. In the bilateral market model, every transaction contract will include a compensation price that the buyer-seller pair is willing to accept for its transaction to be curtailed. The modeling of bilateral transactions are equivalent to the modifying the power injections at seller and buyer buses. The proposed CM approach is solved by using the evolutionary based Enhanced Genetic Algorithms (EGA). IEEE 30 bus system is considered to show the effectiveness of proposed CM approach.
The document discusses electricity deregulation and the requirements for a deregulated electricity market. It outlines the benefits of deregulation such as more efficient use of generation capacity, improved consumer choice, and potentially lower prices. In a deregulated market there are different entities like generators, transmitters, distributors, retailers, and customers. Regulation is still needed to prevent monopoly behavior and ensure reliability. The document compares regulated versus deregulated industry structures and different market models for electricity trading. It also discusses issues in deregulated markets like network congestion, supply shortages, defaults, and lack of experience with risk hedging tools. The objective of India's Electricity Act of 2003 was to introduce competition while protecting consumers and ensuring universal access to electricity
GENCO Optimal Bidding Strategy and Profit Based Unit Commitment using Evolutio...IJECEIAES
In deregulated electricity markets, generation companies (GENCOs) make unit com- mitment (UC) decisions based on a profit maximization objective in what is termed profit based unit commitment (PBUC). PBUC is done for the GENCO’s demand which is a summation of its bilateral demand and allocations from the spot energy market. While the bilateral demand is known, allocations from the spot energy market depend on the GENCO’s bidding strategy. A GENCO thus requires an optimal bidding strategy (OBS) which when combined with a PBUC approach would maximize operating profits. In this paper, a solution of the combined OBS-PBUC problem is presented. An evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) algorithm is implemented for solving the optimization problem. Simulation results carried out for a test power system with GENCOs of differing market strengths show that the optimal bidding strategy depends on the GENCO’s market power. Larger GENCOs with significant market power would typically bid higher to raise market clearing prices while smaller GENCOs would typically bid lower to capture a larger portion of the spot market demand. It is also illustrated that the proposed EPSO algorithm has a better performance in terms of solution quality than the classical PSO algorithm.
bidding strategies in indian restructured power marketKomal Nigam
This document provides an outline for a thesis on bidding strategies in the Indian power market. It includes an introduction to the Indian power market and deregulation. It discusses topics that will be covered like transmission pricing, bidding classifications and mechanisms, literature review outcomes and objectives. It provides timelines and references that will be used. In summaries the key aspects of the deregulated market and the research problem around determining market clearing prices with multiple generators and constraints.
This is a talk where Prof. Damien ERNST explains how Reinforcement Learning could be used to tackle various problems in the field of energy markets and for the energy transition.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities in designing future electricity markets. It notes the increasing share of renewable energy sources in major markets like Europe. Optimizing electricity systems is complex due to various generation, transmission, distribution activities and long-lived investments. Current market designs focus more on energy than ancillary services. More time-varying and location-based pricing faces difficulties. Alternative designs like prioritizing demand based on customer-specified priorities may better integrate renewables and distributed energy resources.
Smart Grid Infrastructure for Efficient Power Consumption Using Real Time Pri...ijtsrd
Electricity supply do not always satisfy customers demand, which results in peak demand periods. When demand is at its peak, electricity providers have to react to meet the demand and avoid interruptions by boosting the capacity which is costly and not always possible. In addition to fluctuation in demand, price of electricity production changes continuously due to the variation in resources used for production over periods. Yet, the consumers pay the same price for the electricity unit both in on-peak and off-peak periods. A proposed solution would be the use of real time pricing (RTP) of electricity. The end-users will be involved in the electric grid and will have control on the consumption over different periods either by reducing or by shifting it to off-peak periods as a reaction to RTP. The results obtained prove that not only the electric utility, but also, the subscribers will benefit. Comparing the results of RTP algorithm to a scenario where price is fixed, we notice that the aggregate utility of every user is higher using RTP algorithm. Along with RTP algorithm we would like to suggest Distributed algorithm that automatically manages the smart meter and the electricity provider interactions. The results from the simulation shows that the proposed RTP algorithm and distributed algorithm can potentially benefit both customer and the electricity providers. S. Varun Kumar | S. M Jayasurya"Smart Grid Infrastructure for Efficient Power Consumption Using Real Time Pricing Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9655.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/9655/smart-grid-infrastructure-for-efficient-power-consumption-using-real-time-pricing-algorithm/s-varun-kumar
Bidding strategies in deregulated power marketGautham Reddy
This document provides a 3-page summary of a report on bidding strategies in deregulated power markets. It includes an introduction describing electricity markets and deregulation. It then covers market structure under deregulation and operation of power systems. The remainder of the document outlines the report's contents which include an analysis of various bidding strategies and algorithms, case studies, and a literature review citing 48 relevant sources.
Improved particle swarm optimization algorithms for economic load dispatch co...IJECEIAES
Economic load dispatch problem under the competitive electric market (ELDCEM) is becoming a hot problem that receives a big interest from researchers. A lot of measures are proposed to deal with the problem. In this paper, three versions of PSO method such as conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO), PSO with inertia weight (IWPSO) and PSO with constriction factor (CFPSO) are applied for handling ELDCEM problem. The core duty of the PSO methods is to determine the most optimal power output of generators to obtain total profit as much as possible for generation companies without violation of constraints. These methods are tested on three and ten-unit systems considering payment model for power delivered and different constraints. Results obtained from the PSO methods are compared with each other to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness. As results, IWPSO method is superior to other methods. Besides, comparing the PSO methods with other reported methods also gives a conclusion that IWPSO method is a very strong tool for solving ELDCEM problem because it can obtain the highest profit, fast converge speed and simulation time.
The generation revenue and demand payment assessment for pool based market mo...journalBEEI
The objective of this paper is to address the economic benefits in term of generation revenue and demand payment for the pool based market model in Malaysia electricity supply industry (MESI). In pool market model, there are issues on the benefit of the generators such as too high system marginal price (SMP) during peak demand and no revenue during low demand. Therefore, conceptual study for two bus test system in MESI involving four generators around Peninsular Malaysia is conducted to perform the economic analysis in term of generation revenue and demand assessment considering existing single buyer model and pool based market model, i.e., pool model, spot market model and the proposed model, in order to identify which market model is superior. As a result, the proposed model managed to decrease the demand payment as it is proportional to generation revenue, even though the generation revenue is at intermediate value and succeed to increase the low and medium generator’s revenue.
This document discusses power system deregulation. It begins with an introduction that defines electric deregulation as changing rules and regulations that allow for competition among electricity suppliers. The objectives of deregulation are then outlined, including providing reliable supply at affordable prices. Key concepts like open access and the roles of generation companies, transmission companies, and distribution companies in the deregulated system are explained. The benefits of deregulation such as reduced prices and improved efficiency are also summarized. Organization models for restructuring the power utility are then described, followed by an explanation of how spot prices are calculated in a deregulated market.
Implementation effects of economics and market operations based model for tra...nooriasukmaningtyas
The main objective of this paper is to introduce power system economic operations in traditionally integrated power systems and market operations in deregulated power systems and study its effects. The power system economic operation is mathematically treated as an optimization problem. Also, a function of economic operation is to minimize generation cost, transmission losses, and so on, subject to power system operation constraints. In this paper, we start from generation cost formulations and introduce traditional economic dispatch model, optimal power flow model, and unit commitment model. With the deregulation of the power industry, integrated power system is unbundled to generation, transmission, and distribution. Electricity is traded in the wholesale market. Small customers purchase energy from electricity retailers through the retail market. The electricity market is operated for energytrading while satisfying power system operation requirements. Electricity market is mathematically modelled as an optimization problem that is subject to power system operation constraints and market operation constraints.
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Enhancing the Electric Grid Reliability through Data Analytics
WSEAS2011
1. WORLD SCIENTIFIC and ENGINEERING
ACADEMY and SOCIETY
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Professor Charles A. Long,
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Engineering, International Business College, AUSTRALIA
Date (27/9/2011)
Dear Dr. (Masoud Yadollahi Zadeh),
We are pleased to inform you that your paper submitted to 13th IASME/WSEAS International Conf. on
MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING is
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Paper ID number: 673-106
Title: A New Approach To Obtain Maximum Benefit In Electricity Markets Based On The Newton Iteration Equation
Authors: MASOUD YADOLLAHI ZADEH - HASAN MONSEF
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Terma Hatzikyriakou 18539, Piraeus, GREECE. www.wseas.org/mastorakis
2. A New Approach To Obtain Maximum Benefit In Electricity Markets
Based On The Newton Iteration Equation
MASOUD YADOLLAHI ZADEH - HASAN MONSEF
Electrical Engineering Department
Azad University -South Tehran Branch
AHANG Boulevard -Tehran
Iran
Email:masoud.yadollahi@gmail.com
hmonsef@ut.ac.ir
Abstract: –Electricity market participants (generators)will choose their bids in order to maximize their profit
in a competitive environment. This paper presents an efficient mathematical technique, considering
transmission congestion and losses, to determine generator profit maximization. By the algorithm presented
in this paper some converged bidding coefficients has been resulted so that each supplier can bid higher
than its marginal price in the market and get the maximum benefit. Finally at the end of the paper, this
algorithm is applied to a typical system and results are presented.
Keywords –Bidding Strategy, Transmission Congestion, Transmission Losses, Nash Equilibrium, Spot
Pricing.
1 Introduction
The economic operation of a utility in a
competitive environment brings about optimization
problems such as generation costs, bidding
strategies, system constraints and many other
problems. In a fully competitive environment,
power producers use various manners to keep
continuity in the market. Thus many methods have
been presented in papers and researches to show
how a market participant can solve power system
problems to gain maximum benefit.Operation of
electricity market and spot trading is discussed in
[2]. The interaction of long term contracting and
spot market transactions between Gencos and
Discos is modeled in [3, 4]. In [5], it is assumed
that power suppliers are to bid a linear supply
function and paid the market clearing price. A
stochastic optimization model is established and
two methods to estimate of bidding coefficients of
rivals are developed. Imperfect knowledge of
rivals is modeled, too. First method is to estimate
bidding coefficients of rivals by normal
distribution. Second method, is to estimate by
mean value vectors. In [1], a continuous bid
curve for suppliers and consumers is assumed.
However the variation in bidding will be limited to
the variation of a single parameter k for each
supplier and consumer. This parameter will vary
the bid around the true marginal curve to get the
maximum welfare by choosing a bid which is a
best response.
The aim of this paper is to simplify the applied
method in [1].According to [1], to obtain k
coefficients, a Newton- step method is used to get
the maximum benefit and establish Nash
Equilibrium . This needs too much calculation .
Specially in large networks using this method
makes the problem more complicated. A simple
way is presented in this paper based on Newton
itteration formula.
2 Mathematical Formulation
When performing market analysis of the power
system, a market participant is interested in what
its profit will be for various bidding strategies.
This profit will depend not only on its bid, but also
on the bids of the other participants in the market.
In general, suppliers follow a linear curve for their
marginal cost bidding. Fig.2, shows a linear bid
curve.
In a perfect electricity market, any power
supplier is a price taker. Microeconomic theory
hold the optimal bidding strategy for a supplier is
simply to bid marginal cost. When a generator bids
Recent Researches in Mathematical Methods in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
ISBN: 978-1-61804-051-0 50
3. other than marginal cost, in an effort exploit
imperfections in the market to increase profits, this
behavior is called strategic bidding. If the
generator can successfully increase its profits by
strategic bidding or by any means other than
lowering its costs, it is said to have market power.
The real electricity markets are not perfectly
competitive, and as a result, a supplier can increase
profits through strategic bidding, or in other words,
through exercising market power.
As it is seen in fig.1, each supplier submits a
minimum price πmin at which it will sell power
along with a slope ms defining the slope of the
linear curve. Using these bids, the pool operator
(such as a power exchange or possibly an ISO.)
solves the OPF under the assumption that the
participants are submitting their true marginal. The
amount of dispatch received is then awarded
according to the solution of this OPF. With these
bids as a base, to test the market model, bids are
chosen as some percentage over or under true
marginal cost. In order to bid k times higher than
the true marginal cost, the supplier must submit a
new bid ( min,πsm ) which satisfies
k
sm
sm =
and minmin *ππ k= . Fig.2, Shows a bid that is k
times higher than the true marginal cost bid.
Initially, the optimal bid for each supplier is found
under the assumption that the other suppliers bid
their true marginal cost. Only the individual
supplier is allowed to change its bid. In a perfectly
competitive market, the best response for each
supplier is to bid its marginal cost. This is a well-
known economic principle which can be proven
very simply. Define supplier profit as Revenue
minus Costs, which is written:
[ ])( GiiGiii PCPR −= β (14)
At which:
Ri: The ith generator profit
βi: The ith generator bid
PGi: The ith generator power generated
Ci(PGi): The ith generator generation cost
Thus the objective function for each supplier in the
market is:
{ }
max
max
1
2
K.
.
)]([
jj
GiGi
l
j
jDiGi
GiiGiii
TT
PP
TPP
tosubject
PCPMaxMaxR
≤
≤
+=
−=
∑
=
β
(15)
WhereTj is transmitted power through line j.
On the other hand, the general form of the cost
function for generators is as follows:
2)( iiiiiii PcPbaPC ++= (16)
If we put (16) into (14) then profit function is
expanded as follows:
2
GiiGiiiGiii PcPbaPR −−−= β (17)
Generation
Bid
[MW]
ms
Price=π
πmin [$/MWh]
Figure 1. Linear bid curve
Generation
Bid
[MW] ms
k
ms
Price=π
πmin kπmin [$/MWh]
Figure 2. Bidding k times higher than the marginal
cost
Recent Researches in Mathematical Methods in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
ISBN: 978-1-61804-051-0 51
4. Considering (16) the true marginal cost bid for a
generator is of the form :( indices can be ignored
for the time being)
)()()(
2
1
)( minπππππ −=−=−= ssG mbmb
c
P 1
(18)
At which, π is the spot price.
So, for new bidding
⎪
⎩
⎪
⎨
⎧
=
=
minmin .ππ k
k
m
m s
s
new true
marginal cost bid is as follows:
)(
2
1
)()( min kb
kc
mP sG −=−= ππππ (19)
πβ k= (20)
Putting (19) and (20) into (17) will result (21):
c
b
kc
b
ckc
b
kc
b
c
kb
c
R
kb
ck
kb
kc
b
kb
kc
kR
4242222
)(
4
1
)(
2
))(
2
1
(
2
2
222
2
2
−+−+−−=⇒
−−−−−=
πππππ
ππππ
(21)
The supplier's profit sensitivity to variations in its
bid can be used to determine a Newton-step that
improves profit[1]. This Newton-step is defined as
shown in (22):
oldkoldkoldnew
k
R
k
R
kk ||1
2
2
∂
∂
⎥
⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢
⎢
⎣
⎡
∂
∂
−=
−
(22)
According to [1],obtaining knew , needs to form
large matrixes and then transposing them and
obtain inverse matrixes, this will complicate the
problem ,specially when we work on a large
network.To avoid complication, simply we derive
from R in relation to k. Thus:
ck
bk
k
R
3
32
2
ππ −
=
∂
∂
(23)
ckk
R
4
2
2
2
2
3π
−=
∂
∂ (24)
Therefore, using (22), the ith generator k
coefficients are obtained:
iodk
i
i
ioldk
i
i
oldinewi
k
R
k
R
kk ||1
2
2
∂
∂
⎥
⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢
⎢
⎣
⎡
∂
∂
−=
−
(25)
1 - See figure 1
3 Numerical Example
To illustrate the proposed approach, a sample
6-bus network shown in fig.3 is considered. The
system data is provided in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. Market participants information
Market
Participant
Power(M
W)
Cost Function
G1 10-250 C1(P1)=150+5P1+0.1
1P1
2
G2 10-300 C2(P2)=600+8P2+0.0
85P2
2
G3 10-270 C3(P3)=335+10P3+0.
1225P3
2
D4 200 ------------------
D5 200 ------------------
D6 200 -------------------
Table 2. Transmission line limits
Line Capacity
(MW)
From bus
...To...
1 100 1-2
2 120 1-4
3 100 1-5
4 100 2-3
5 100 2-4
6 100 2-5
7 100 2-6
8 120 3-5
9 120 3-6
10 100 4-5
11 100 5-6
Figure 3. Typical 6-bus system
Recent Researches in Mathematical Methods in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
ISBN: 978-1-61804-051-0 52
5. By analysing the network (using Power World
software) no considering losses and congestion ,we
obtain the following results(fig.4):
Figure 4.The 6 bus system power flow assuming
zero losses and infinity capacity of lines
In fig 4 all spot prices are equal. But if we consider
losses and congestion in the system we see that
some lines would be overloaded.
Figure 5. The 6 bus system considering losses
and congestion of lines
In order to release the lines from overload, we
need to do optimal power flow on this system, so :
Figure 6.The OPF of the 6 bus system
Now k coefficient for each generator to obtain
the maximum benefit should be found . Using (25)
k coefficients obtained for each generator are
shown in table 3:
Table 3. k coefficients
Iteration k1 k2 k3
0 1 1 1
1 1.2713 1.2840 1.6480
2 1.5330 1.5779 1.9702
3 1.7014 1.7981 2.1630
4 1.7487 1.8819 2.2100
5 1.7515 1.8906 2.2122
6 1.7515 1.8907 2.2122
7 1.7515 1.8907 2.2122
4 Conclusion
A method to obtain k coefficients for power
suppliers in a competitive electricity market in
order to gain maximum profit is presented in this
paper. In this paper, real circumstances of a power
system are considered so that market participants
could find actual parameters of a market. It has
been shown that market suppliers do have some
market power violating an underlying assumption
of competitive markets. In other words, each
supplier's bidding strategy has an effect on the
market price. This encourages them to bid higher
than their marginal cost. Furthermore, it has been
shown that network constraints such as losses and
transmission line congestion cause market power.
For continuation of the study, participate
consumers as competitors and analysis the system
by proposed method is recommended. The
influence of reactive power as a network constraint
on the bidding strategy and market analyzing is
recommended for future study, as well.
Recent Researches in Mathematical Methods in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
ISBN: 978-1-61804-051-0 53
6. Refrences:
[1] J.D.Weber, T.J.Owerbye, "A two level
optimization problem for analysis of
market bidding strategies," 1999IEEE,
Volume: 2, Jul1999, Page(s):926-936
[2] W.Mielczarski, G.Michalik, M.Widiaia,
"Bidding Strategies in Electricity
Msrkets," Power Industry computer
applications.1999.PICA99. Proceeding of
the 21st
1999 IEEE International
conference, Publication Year: 1999,
Page(s):71-76
[3] D.J.Wu, Paul Kleindorfer, Jin E.Zhang,
"Optimal bidding and contracting
strategies in the deregulated electric
power market: part І," System Sciences,
2000. Proceedings of the 33rd
Annual Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences Publication Year:
2000.
[4] D.J.Wu, P.Kleindorfer, J.E.Zhang,
"Optimal bidding and contracting
strategies in the deregulated electric power
market: part II,"System Sciences, 2001.
Proceedings of the 34th Annual
Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences Publication Year: 2001
[5] Fushuan Wen, A.K.David, "Optimal
bidding strategies and modeling of
imperfect information among
competitive generators," Power System
IEEE Transactions, Volume: 16, Issue: 1,
Publication Year: 2001, Page(s): 15 - 21
[6] Song. H, C. C.Liu, J.Lawarree," Nash
Equilibrium Bidding Strategies in a
Bilateral Electricity Market,"
Power Engineering Review, IEEE,
Volume: 22, Issue: 2, Publication Year:
2002, Page(s): 62 - 62
[7] Tengshun peng, K.Tomsovic,"Congestion
influence on bidding strategies in an
electricity market," Power system,
IEEE Transactions, Volume: 18,
Issue: 3, Publication Year: 2003,
Page(s):1054-1061
[8] Y.P.Molina, R.B.Prada, O.R. Saavedra,
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Recent Researches in Mathematical Methods in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
ISBN: 978-1-61804-051-0 54