The document provides an overview of the criminal justice system in the United States. It discusses the key components and their roles, using the OJ Simpson murder case as an example. The criminal justice process begins with a crime being investigated by police, who gather evidence and identify suspects. The case then moves to courts, where judges and attorneys determine if there is enough evidence for a trial. If convicted, the offender is sentenced and sent to corrections facilities to serve their punishment and undergo rehabilitation programs. The document analyzes each step through the OJ Simpson case to illustrate how the criminal justice system operates from the initial crime to final sentencing.
Arrest, Summon and Warrants under Malaysian CPC (2017-2018)Intan Muhammad
Contents are listed in the 1st page.
P/S : I am sharing my personal notes of law-related subjects. Some parts of them are explained in a very informal-relaxed way and mix of languages (BM and English), if you are a grammar nazi person, my notes are definitely not a good reference yeah:) Last but not least, as law revolves everyday, you might find some of my notes are outdated. 2 ways of handling it.. (1) double check with the latest law and keep it to yourself (2) same with No. 1 but SHARE WITH ME OTHERS! Have a good day.
Arrest, Summon and Warrants under Malaysian CPC (2017-2018)Intan Muhammad
Contents are listed in the 1st page.
P/S : I am sharing my personal notes of law-related subjects. Some parts of them are explained in a very informal-relaxed way and mix of languages (BM and English), if you are a grammar nazi person, my notes are definitely not a good reference yeah:) Last but not least, as law revolves everyday, you might find some of my notes are outdated. 2 ways of handling it.. (1) double check with the latest law and keep it to yourself (2) same with No. 1 but SHARE WITH ME OTHERS! Have a good day.
Making the Victim Central to the Criminal Justice SystemSenthil Sparks
Ideas on the status of the crime victim and advocating a victim justice system that takes care of the need for service and justice to victims of crime.
Although criminal procedure follows many of the patterns of civil procedure, there are major differences between them, largely because of the special provisions of the U.S. Constitution (which are usually echoed in state constitutions).
To learn more about Criminal Procedure purchase the text Foundations of Law: Cases, Commentary and Ethics, 6th Edition from Cengage Learning. Paralegal Power Breaks are short information packed sessions that provide useful career information to paralegals at all career levels.
Confession under Malaysian Evidence Act 1950Intan Muhammad
P/S : I am sharing my personal notes of law-related subjects. Some parts of them are explained in a very informal-relaxed way and mix of languages (BM and English). Secondly, as law revolves every day, there will be outdated parts in my notes. Two ways of handling it.. (1) double check with the latest law and keep it to yourself (2) same with No. 1 coupled with your generosity to share with us, the LinkedIn users (hiks ^_^). Till then, have a nice day!
Making the Victim Central to the Criminal Justice SystemSenthil Sparks
Ideas on the status of the crime victim and advocating a victim justice system that takes care of the need for service and justice to victims of crime.
Although criminal procedure follows many of the patterns of civil procedure, there are major differences between them, largely because of the special provisions of the U.S. Constitution (which are usually echoed in state constitutions).
To learn more about Criminal Procedure purchase the text Foundations of Law: Cases, Commentary and Ethics, 6th Edition from Cengage Learning. Paralegal Power Breaks are short information packed sessions that provide useful career information to paralegals at all career levels.
Confession under Malaysian Evidence Act 1950Intan Muhammad
P/S : I am sharing my personal notes of law-related subjects. Some parts of them are explained in a very informal-relaxed way and mix of languages (BM and English). Secondly, as law revolves every day, there will be outdated parts in my notes. Two ways of handling it.. (1) double check with the latest law and keep it to yourself (2) same with No. 1 coupled with your generosity to share with us, the LinkedIn users (hiks ^_^). Till then, have a nice day!
Classmate’s Posts (DB4). (Needs just like some comments) .docxbartholomeocoombs
Classmate’s Posts (DB4).
(Needs just like some comments)
Robert Dlugaszewski
1) Criminal laws are the laws that define wrongs against a society and civil laws are laws that
define the rights of one person against another (Textbook, Glossary) and in the criminal case
against OJ Simpson the verdict of not guilty came from the jury that had to all agree on a verdict
and the facts presented in the case that there was reasonable doubt about the DNA evidence
and the alleged misconduct by the LAPD were enough to push the jury toward a not guilty
verdict. Where as in the civil case against OJ Simpson the jury finds Simpson liable for the
murders based on the same facts presented in the previous trial but in a civil case the majority
vote gets the verdict and in this case they deemed his reasoning of alleged misconduct by the
LAPD inflammatory and speculative.
2) In the Criminal case for OJ Simpson it was the People of the State of California and in the
civil case for OJ Simpson it was the families of the victims, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald
L. Goldman.
3) Just like in the OJ Simpson case even though someone is acquitted of a crime doesn't mean
that they didn't commit the crime it's just that the evidence wasn't substantial enough to prove
the defendant not guilty, that the evidence was obtained illegally, and the list goes on about
ways that guilty people get away with things based on legal rights or even in some cases just
luck, but either way they should be held liable in a civil case so that when they do "get away with
murder" the parties affected by these actions can get compensation for their troubles.
Sina Abbasi Kammasai
The differences between the two cases impacted the verdicts for many reasons. First one being in the
criminal trial OJ wasn’t required to testify, so he decided not to, but in the civil trial he was required to
testify because of the plaintiffs’ option which forces him to testify. Another difference between the two was
that in the criminal trial a conviction for OJ required a finding that he committed the murder beyond any
reasonable doubt whereas in the civil case and a guilty verdict for OJ only required 9 out of 12 votes and
“the basic legal standard being that in all probability Mr. Simpson committed the slayings” the keyword
being probability.
The party in the criminal case against OJ was the state of California which was charging OJ for the
murders of Nicole Brown and her friend Ron Goldman, the reason the state was the party involved in the
criminal case is because as stated in the textbook, “A crime is a wrong of such serious nature that the
appropriate level of government steps in to prosecute and punish the wrongdoer to deter others from
engaging in the same type of conduct”. (Textbook, pg.132, para 8-1b). The parties that were against OJ in
the civil case were the families of Nicole Brown and Ron Goldman, they had the right to sue civilly
because when the act th.
Running head COMPETING JURISDICTION 1Competing Jurisdicti.docxsusanschei
Running head: COMPETING JURISDICTION 1
Competing Jurisdiction
Sheena Thiebaud
Criminal Justice
Prof. Shountae Youmans
3/26/17
Competing Jurisdiction
COMPETING JURISDICTION 2
Jurisdiction can be defined as authority which can be imposed on something or
somebody. Jurisdiction is very important as it helps in determining if a given court can be able to
hear a given case. Jurisdiction is also very significant as it helps in limiting the powers of court
on a given case. Judicial Jurisdiction can divide into three types which are personal, territorial
and subject matters. Jurisdiction is very important as it helps in finding the right information and
the right body that will help in investigation and in dealing with a crime case. Police officers are
important people in the society as they help in investigation and finding the right evidence and
witness in a criminal process.
According to the case the police officers have several functions. The first is to investigate
and second they have to give protection to people. Police officers are very important people in
any given society as they help in investigating of a criminal offence. In such a situation police
officers come to the crime scene and try to investigate in finding what happened, the crime was
whose fault, interviewing the right witnesses and how did the crime happened by gathering
enough and clear evidence and try to come up with better information in getting the people or
person who might have committed the crime. The police officers give protection to people and
ensure they is enough security to avoid any other crime to happen. police officer also helps in
interviewing the suspect like in this case where the was no video surveillance inside the post
office the postal clerk and two customers John and Jill will be interviewed with the investigators
in order to come up with better information and enough evidence which will be used to testify in
the court of law.
COMPETING JURISDICTION 3
Agencies are very important in case of an emergency or a disaster as they help in
recovery efforts by producing experts who are well equipped in handling disaster and who will
be able to get the right information about the incident. In emergencies like the situation in a post
office the disaster can be managed at a local level therefore the federal government is not
involved unless it has the primary jurisdiction and it has been requested by the local government
to participate as a result of the scope and capacity limitation. Therefore in a situation of a
minimal emergency the local government handles the issue.
There are services which can be provided by the local government and at the same time
provided by the federal government to the people. Therefore as a result of these services being
rendered to the people an overlap may arise due to the same service offered by different ...
150 words agree or disagree to each questionsQ1.For many.docxherminaprocter
150 words agree or disagree to each questions
Q1.
For many people their first experience with a court hearing is from watching a fictional crime television show or movie. Often in the movies we will hear many Latin terms such as modes operandi, quid pro quo, mens rea, and actus rea. These terms have become synonymous with the legal and crime dramas shown on television, but they actually have real meanings in court proceedings. A crime is broken into three elements or parts, the three are the criminal act, the criminal intent, and the concurrence of the two. Mens rea is the term used for the criminal intent of a crime and Actus rea is the term used for the criminal act of a crime. In criminal proceedings the prosecutor must prove mens rea to be successful. The criminal act or actus rea is the "unlawful bodily movement" which is performed voluntarily (Storm, 2012). Mens rea is the criminal intent of a crime and is the basis for punishment when prosecuting crimes, as the worse crime will have the most servere punishments associates with them. Mens rea is ranked in three categories the first being malice aforethought or the intent to kill, the second being specific intent which is the cause a specific action, and lastly general intent which is the intent to commit a crime. Though mens rea and actus rea are both tied directly to a crime they do have specific differences. If we look a situation of one student stealing another students jacket from their locker in school the criminal act, actus rea, is the taking of someone else's property while the criminal intent, mens rea, would be with the intent to permanently deprive the other student of their property. Motive is not an element of a criminal case,e however it does play a ole in criminal cases. Motive is commonly referred to as the reason person committed an act. Motive is the reason a person committed the criminal act and can be used to determine sentencing for example if a John is at a local bar and punches another man for dancing with his girlfriend, John's motive was anger or jealously, while his intent was to cause bodily harm resulting in the criminal act of battery. As a result of this example John may be subject to a harsher punishment then if in the same scenario the John missed his punch and the other man struck John in self defense. Proving mens rea vice motive is beneficial to the criminal justice system because in order to prove motive you must be able to successful explain what a person is feeling and thinking at the time of a crime and that would prove extremely difficult where proving mens rea can easily by explained by showing a person committed criminal intent by either acting recklessly or by engaging in an action that they knowingly or can be knowingly assumed by a reasonable person to cause harm.
Q2.
For a defendant to be convicted of a particular crime, there are things that are needed, and one of them is a specific state of mind. This state of mind re.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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1. Running head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1
Criminal justice
Armon M Williams
American Intercontinental University
2. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2
Abstract
Criminal Justice ideally speaking is “Truth in action” within the process that we call the
administration of justice. Within this paper, I will be looking at the procedures in the Criminal
justice system. Before laying the foundations of this work, I will briefly dedicate a few lines on
what the criminal justice system is all about. A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social
establishments for carrying out the criminal law in agreement with a definite set of procedural
regulations and restrictions. In every country there is a need to shield, guard and protect people
and their properties. The creation of laws is an indispensable form of protection and the
establishment of a system to apply and to enforce these laws, is imperative (schmalleger, 2012).
In this work I will be looking at the procedures in the criminal justice system in the United
States, and show the key components and there roles in the criminal justice system.
3. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 3
Criminal justice
Criminal justice is one of the largest fields of work and studies. The criminal process is
part of the state’s response to crime, part of the mechanism which the state applies substantive
criminal law to its citizens. In order to keep a safe society, it is important to establish a nation
with good education to teach people judging right or wrong, excellent police force to keep our
street safe, and most of all, a good criminal justice system to carry out the justice. The criminal
justice system is what makes our society organized when it comes to crime. It includes different
forces of police, the people working in the courts and the people working in corrections who are
the ones who completes with the sentences appointed by the courts. The system is outlined to
catch criminals and make sure they are penalized for their crime.
The police, who are also known as local law enforcements, have a big role. They are the
ones working in not only offices, but also in the streets investigating cases, ensuring safety in the
neighborhoods, and are the ones making the arrests. The courts are next on the line. They are the
people that come next in the criminal justice system with the pretrial activities. They also control
the sentencing and the overall punishment of the criminal. Then we have corrections, this is
where the criminal serves his punishment and is housed. It is supposed to be a state of
rehabilitation for the criminal.
Criminal justice has two aims which are to control crime and to assure due process. There
are three components to the criminal justice system, the police, courts and corrections. I’m going
to use an actual case to help me break down and show you the process of the criminal justice
system, and its components. The case that I’m going to use is the O.J. Simpson murder case
(officially called the People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson). This case
4. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 4
was a court case in Los Angeles County, California Superior Court that went from the jury sworn
in on November 3, 1994 to opening statements on January 24, 1995 to a verdict being reached on
October 4, 1995. This will help you understand from beginning to end of the criminal justice
process.
The first step to the criminal justice phase is where a crime is being committed or had
been committed and investigated. In this phase the main personnel are police officers and or
local law enforcement. At this stage they investigate or have probablecaused that a suspect has
broken the law. For instant in (the People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson)
case the first step into the criminal justice system was when Los Angeles County police found
the bodies of O.J. Simpsons, ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman
murdered. This starts the investigation stage. In the investigation stage law enforcement
individuals gather facts and evidence to come up with a suspect (or criminal) and also to build a
case against the accused person. Most of the time, the evidence has to prove without a reasonable
doubt that the accused person committed the crime at hand.
Through, several key witnesses stating that they saw O.J. Simpson leaving the scene in
his Ford Bronco the night of the murder, plus DNA evidence, which gave law enforcement
officials probable cause to indict O.J Simpson for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown
Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. The evidence places O.J. Simpson at the murder at the
around bout time of the murder. This is where the district attorney also plays its part in the case.
The district attorney office assists police or law enforcement individuals in criminal
investigations, and prosecutes criminal charges for the commonwealth against those who are
accused of breaking the law. Upon receipt of a reported crime the district attorney reviews the
5. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 5
facts and evidence and decides whether or not to approve charges, and this puts us in the next
phase of criminal justice which is the court phase.
The court process can be a long ongoing process for some cases. In this process the key
personnel are the defense counsel or defense attorney, which are people that work with criminal
defendants to offer them legal advice and counsel. Although most defense attorneys work in
private practice, some are employed by government agencies as public defenders. It is a good
idea to retain counsel as soon as you think you are suspected of a crime you do not have to wait
for an arrest.Other personnel in the court phase is the judge. A judge is an official who conducts
court proceedings. Judges must be able to be fair and not choose sides on a case his main job is
to hear the case out.
When a case first comes to the court, the judge must decide whether there is enough
evidence against the person who is accused of the crime. If the defendant cannot afford to hire a
lawyer, the judge must give the accused person a lawyer. The judge also sets the bail. Once the
defendant has an attorney and his or her bail amount has been set, he or she enters a plea of
guilty or not guilty. (Walker, 1992).
The role of a judge during a hearing depends on whether or not a jury is present. In most
serious criminal cases, a jury is present and thus it is the trier of fact, meaning that the jury looks
at the evidence presented to the court and determines whether the accused personnel is innocent
or guilty. The judge is the trier of the law, meaning he or she ensures that everything happening
in the courtroom follows the rules set down by the law. If the jury is not present in a court case,
the judge becomes both the trier of fact and the trier of law. This mostly deals with civil cases.
Judges also determine the amount of time a person spends in corrections and the amount of
6. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 6
money an individual have to pay. To better but this in prospect we will continue with the O.J.
Simpson case.
After the police and the defense attorneys built a case on O.J. Simpson the case was then
sent to Los Angeles County, California Superior Court. Simpson then hired a defense team.
These personnel played the role as the defense counsel. Since it was a murder case the decision
rested on the jury. Simpson was arraigned and pleads not guilty to both murders. The judge
ordered that Simpson be held without bail. The following day, a jury was called to decide
whether or not to indict him for the two murders.
Two days later, the jury was dismissed because it was to much media coverage, which
might influence the grand jury decision. After two of the main witness supposedly sold their
stories to tabloids, the case was change to a probable cause hearing. In this case now the hiring
was held to determine whether or not to bring Simpson for trial. This helpedSimpson lawyers
because they would now have public access to the presentation of evidence as it is being
presented by the prosecution in contrast to a closed- off grand jury hearing. After a week-long
court hearing, the superior court judge ruled that there was sufficient evidence to bring Simpson
to trial for the murders. At this second court arraignment, when asked how he pled to the
murders, Simpson, plead not guilty to the murders. “Following thehearing the case was moved to
another building due to damages to the recent court house and security concerns.
Leading the murder investigation was aveteran LAPD detective. In 1995, the criminal
trial of O.J. Simpson was 134 days long. The prosecution wanted to give O.J. Simpson life in
prison sentence. Now we are reaching the stage where the prosecutor and the defense counsel/
attorneys argue their cases to the judge and the jurors. In this case the prosecutor argued that
7. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 7
Simpson killed his ex-wife in a jealous rage. The prosecutor also played a recording of a call to
the police that Nicole brown Simpson had made. She told them that she was scared that O.J.
Simpson was going to physically harm her. The prosecution also presented dozens of expert
witnesses, on subject ranging from DNA fingerprinting to blood and shoeprint analysis, to place
Simpson at the scene of the crime.
Even though the prosecutor had what he thought was a good case against O.J. Simpson,
the defense attorney arguments is what won over the jury. A verdict of not guilty was submitted
do to the jury saying that the prosecution did not totally prove their case; they also said it was a
lot of police errors that led to their verdict. Well as we can see in the O.J. Simpson case the
corrections part of criminal justice was not put into effect, to my belief because of errors in the
criminal justice system at the time. But if the verdict did go the other way in the prosecutors was
granted the verdict for life in prison that’s where the corrections parts step in. The judge would
make the overall sentencing, and the criminal would be sent off to correction to be house for
however long the sentencing is. Corrections for the most part act as a rehabilitation for criminals.
It’s to get them away from their old habits and environment, to teach them new habits
and that the crime that committed was wrong. Correction facilities have many different programs
for criminals they house depending on the location. They have in house education program, in
house work groups, recreation and etc. It’s to try to get the individual to adapt to a new outlook
on things. Also it’s to equip the individual with better knowledge and to also show them the
consequences of their actions (Garland, 2002).
In conclusion as we have seen with this case and many cases before and after this case,
that everybody plays a key role in the criminal justice system. But it’s critical that everybody
know there time and place when it comes to this process.A prosecutor should only come about
8. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 8
when, a case is going to court for a hearing (post arrest). Any foul play that an individual can
find against the system they would use it. I believe that the prosecution should be in the first part
of the investigation because they are supposed to be the legal party responsible for presenting the
case in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law. If everyone play there
part in this criminal justice system most mistakes like what happened in the O.J. Simpson trial
would not happen. Even though the criminal justice system is changing and become more
advanced as time goes on it is still room for improvement.
9. CRIMINAL JUSTICE 9
Works Cited
Fuller., J. R. (2005). Criminal Justice: Mainstream and Crosscurrents. new jersey: Prentice Hall.
Garland, D. (2002). The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd edition. In R. Morgan, Of
Crimes and Criminals (p. 20). Oxford: . Oxford University Press.
lender, D. (2000). Orenthal James Simpson Trial. Kansas City : University of Missouri-Kansas
City School of Law.
schmalleger, f. (2012). Criminal Justice: a brief introduction. new jersey: prentice hall.
Walker, S. (1992). "Origins of the Contemporary, Criminal Justice Paradigm:. Justice Quarterly
, 9.