The document summarizes a teacher's reflective journal entries about implementing task-based learning in their EFL classroom. Through analyzing their journal entries, the teacher found their teaching improved in four key areas: 1) developing a better rapport with students, 2) making the classroom more learning-centered, 3) realizing the importance of detailed lesson planning, and 4) gaining insights from reflecting on mistakes to avoid repeating them. Reflective journaling provided an opportunity for the teacher to critically evaluate their experiences and identify effective practices to continue or problems to address.

1. ELT 750 Teacher Cognition in Action WRITING REFLECTIVE JOURNALS StefanRathert
1. Example of a teacher’s journal entry:
Today I gave my class a reading activity which focused on skimming. I gave them an
article to read called "Study Paints Grim Picture " and asked them to skim through the
article to identify the social problems mentioned. After a few minutes, I checked the
answers and asked the students to number the paragraphs. They had to find the
paragraphs which contain information on each of the social problems. Then I checked the
answers and explained some difficult vocabulary. Then I gave one handout which contained
five paragraphs and another handout which contained five headlines. Students had to
match them.
Afterthoughts
Timing again was a problem. I originally planned to check the answers of the matching
exercise, but there was no time.
Less time should have been spent on explaining expressions as it defeated the objective of
my lesson - skimming.
I should have allocated a specific amount of time to practice skimming.
I should have opened the lesson with a discussion of social problems so that students could
compare their answers with what they found in the article.
(Richards, J.C. and Lockhardt, C. (1996). Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classroom. New York: CUP,
p. 8)

2. ELT 750 Teacher Cognition in Action WRITING REFLECTIVE JOURNALS StefanRathert
2. Reflection questions to guide journal entries
Questions about what happened during a lesson
Questions about your teaching
1. What did you set out to teach?
2. Were you able to accomplish your goals?
3. What teaching materials did you use? How effective were they?
4. What techniques did you use?
5. What grouping arrangements did you use?
6. Was your lesson teacher dominated?
7. What kind of teacher-student interaction occurred?
8. Did anything amusing or unusual occur?
9. Did you have any problems with the lesson?
10. Did you do anything differently than usual?
11. What kinds of decision making did you employ?
12. Did you depart from your lesson plan? If so, why? Did the change make things better
or worse?
13. What was the main accomplishment of the lesson?
14. Which parts of the lesson were most successful?
15. Which parts of the lesson were least successful?
16. Would you teach the lesson differently if you taught it again?
17. Was your philosophy of teaching reflected in the lesson?
18. Did you discover anything new about your teaching?
19. What changes do you think you should make in your teaching?
Questions about the students
1. Did you teach all your students today?
2. Did students contribute actively to the lesson?
3. How did you respond to different students' needs?
4. Were students challenged by the lesson?
5. What do you think students really learned from the lesson?
6. What did they like most about the lesson?
7. What didn't they respond well to?
Questions to ask yourself as a language teacher
1. What is the source of my ideas about language teaching?
2. Where am I in my professional development?
3. How am I developing as a language teacher?
4. What are my strengths as a language teacher?
5. What are my limitations at present?
6. Are there any contradictions in my teaching?
7. How can I improve my language teaching?
8. How am I helping my students?
9. What satisfaction does language teaching give me?
(Richards and Lockhardt, 1996, pp. 16-17)

3. ELT 750 Teacher Cognition in Action WRITING REFLECTIVE JOURNALS StefanRathert
3. Discussion of a teacher’s journal entries in an action research
Teacher’s Diaries
Improving professional competence as a result of reflective practice
The analysis of my diaries revealed that after implementing a TBL approach to my class,
my teaching is improved in four areas. The barrier between me and my students
decreased. Secondly, the class became more learning centered, so the motivation of
learners increased. Thirdly, I realized the importance of preparing daily lesson plans in
teaching. Finally, as a result of reflection I found the chance to go over the mistakes I
made while I was teaching so as not to repeat them.
Better Rapport
After implementing TBL the atmosphere of the classroom changed totally. I felt closer to
the students and I also wanted to take part in some tasks as I found this more enjoyable.
All students were in contact with me without any hesitation most probably due to my
friendliness. Willis (1981) refers a good friendly interaction between a teacher and the
learners as rapport (p.188). She also states that when there is rapport, it becomes
enjoyable for students and the teacher to study together.
Learning-centered Classroom
After implementing TBL, the way lessons continued completely changed. Students’
participation in the lesson increased as a result of the increase in the number and variety of
tasks used in class. In order to carry out the task, students were concentrating on the
lesson. They did not find enough time to feel bored. As Willis (1996) puts, “tasks remove
teacher domination” (p.18). As a teacher my role was nothing more than a guide whereas
my students’ roles were highly active. As Willis (1996) states, in TBL there are
communication tasks which give learners chances to be involved in various mental
processes and to express themselves.
Lesson Plan
As a teacher, my awareness increased for the necessity of preparing daily lesson outlines.
After preparing daily lesson outlines, my self-confidence as a teacher increased. As
everything I was going to cover was ready step by step in a detailed way, I had nothing to
worry about. As Waters (1988) states, with the help of a uniform lesson plan, the learning
process becomes both more shapely and easier. Furthermore, as I spent sufficient time to
prepare my lesson plan in a detailed way, I could think of enjoyable pre-task sessions for
my students. With the help of these pre-task stages, I had enjoyable starts to every topic.
Reflection
In the light of findings obtained through the researcher's diaries, it can be said that
reflective journals make a great contribution to a teacher’s learning. While reading diaries,
teachers think critically on their previous experiences and find the chance to evaluate their
behavior. While going over my diaries in which I recorded my daily impressions of the
course, I had the chance to identify what I found ineffective so as not to repeat them, and
think of better alternative ways. As Wallace (1991) suggests, in order to find professional
solutions to problems, teachers recall the relevant knowledge or experience and thus find
the chance to evaluate the problem. At the same time, I had the chance to identify the
things I found helpful and to repeat them in my other classes.
(Ruso, N., 2007. The influence of task-based learning on EFL classrooms. Asian EFL Journal, 18. Retrieved April9, 2012 from:
http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/pta_February_2007_tr.pdf; highlighted by S.R.)