The document discusses cause and effect relationships and how to identify and write about them. It defines cause as the reason why something happens and effect as the result caused by something. It provides examples of identifying causes and effects in sentences and explains how to organize causes and effects in a graphic organizer. The document also outlines steps for writing a paragraph that describes a cause and its effects, including determining the cause and effect, organizing ideas, and using transition words to link the cause and effect.

1. Prepared by:
MS. JERRICA F. ARAZA
Teacher I

2. Cause and Effect
is the relationship between two
things when one thing makes
something else happen.

3. CAUSE
-the reason why
something happens
EFFECT
-the result caused
by something

4. Example:
Because people neglect following health protocols such
as social distancing, handwashing, and wearing of face
mask and face shield, COVID-19 cases continue to rise.
What happened?
COVID-19 cases
continue to rise.
EFFECT
Why did it happen?
Because people neglect following
health protocols such as social
distancing, handwashing, and
wearing of face mask and face
shield
CAUSE

5. See? Identifying the cause and
effect isn’t hard at all! All you
have to do to find the effect is to
ask yourself: “What happened?”

6. Signal words used in stating the
effect:
so, so that, therefore, thus,
consequently, as a result, result
to, and also the semicolon (;)

7. In finding the cause, you just
have to ask yourself: “Why did it
happen? What’s the reason why
something happened?”

8. Signal words used in stating
the cause:
because, since, due to, and
for.

9. How about you try
determining the cause and
effect in the following
two sentences that I will
be showing.

10. Sentence # 1
If your immune system is
weak, you will be easily
infected with COVID-19.

11. What is the cause in this
sentence?
If your immune system is weak
It is signaled by the word IF.

12. What is the effect?
You will be easily infected
with covid-19

13. Sentence # 2
Hospitals are full because
of pandemic.

14. What is the effect?
Hospitals are full

15. What is the cause?
because of pandemic
The clue word here is
because – a sign that it is
the cause.

16. Let’s now learn
how to write
paragraphs showing
cause and effect.

17. In writing a
cause-and-effect
paragraph, here are
the steps:

18. #1
Determine the cause and
the effect. Ask “why did
this happen?” and “what
happened next?”

19. #2
Organize the main idea and
the supporting details.
Using a graphic organizer
can help you do that.

20. For one cause
with multiple
effects, you can
place it in a
graphic organizer
like this.

21. For one effect
with multiple
causes, you can
place it in a
graphic organizer
like this.

22. Here are some examples.

23. #3
Use transition or signal
words to show cause and
effect relationship.

24. CAUSE
because, since, due
to, and for.
EFFECT
so, so that,
therefore, thus,
consequently, as a
result, result to, and
also the semicolon (;)
Signal words used in cause and effect
sentences:

25. Take a look at this single cause with
multiple effects example.

26. To write these information in to
a paragraph, begin with a topic
sentence which is about COVID-
19 pandemic, and this should be
followed by supporting details
which are the effects.

27. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed. Even the education
system got affected. It shifted to distance learning
modalities such as modular and online learning. Because
of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. Many got
sick and some have died. This is the new normal, and I
wonder if we could possibly go back to how things used
to be before the pandemic.
This is the sample paragraph converted from the ideas listed
in the graphic organizer.

28. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic.
Our topic sentence is found in the 1st sentence.

29. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed.
Then I added a simple transitional sentence.

30. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors.
It is followed by the first effect, introduced by a clause: Because
infection rose at a high rate which is synonymous with pandemic.

31. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed.
It is then followed by the next effect which is “Many lost their jobs
because businesses closed.”

32. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed. Even the education
system got affected.
A transitional sentence was added which is “Even the education system
got affected.” This is to introduce the next effect.

33. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed. Even the education
system got affected. It shifted to distance learning
modalities such as modular and online learning.
The third effect is stated: Education is shifted to distance learning
modalities. An example of distance learning modalities such as modular
and online learning was added.

34. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed. Even the education
system got affected. It shifted to distance learning
modalities such as modular and online learning. Because
of the spread of infection, hospitals are full.
Then, the fourth effect follows.

35. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed. Even the education
system got affected. It shifted to distance learning
modalities such as modular and online learning. Because
of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. Many got
sick and some have died.
The last effect follows.

36. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because
infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a
lockdown which required people to stay at home
especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their
jobs because businesses closed. Even the education
system got affected. It shifted to distance learning
modalities such as modular and online learning. Because
of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. Many got
sick and some have died. This is the new normal, and I
wonder if we could possibly go back to how things used
to be before the pandemic.
It is summed up by a concluding statement.

37. I have here a short paragraph and a graphic
organizer. I want you to read it and organize the
ideas in the graphic organizer.
When people cut
down trees to clear land,
they destroy the habitats
of birds. This reduces the
number of nest sites. As a
result, fewer baby birds
are hatched, and the bird
population declines.

38. Let’s check
your work!

39. People cut
down trees.
The habitats of birds
are destroyed.
The number of nest
sites is reduced.
Fewer baby birds are
hatched.
The bird population
declines.

40. Wow! You are definitely
learning fast! I’m excited to
see how you can write a
paragraph on your own showing
cause and effect relationship.

41. Just remember the steps:
1. Determine the cause and the effect.
2. Organize the main idea and the
supporting details. A graphic organizer
can be a great tool for this.
3. Use transition or signal words to show
cause and effect relationship.

42. Now, it’s your
turn to write a
paragraph
showing cause
and effect
relationship.
Your work will be
graded using this
scoring rubrics:
Rubrics for Scoring
for Cause & Effect Paragraph

43. Write a paragraph with at least 3 coherent sentences showing
cause and effect. Use the graphic organizer as your guide.
Write your answer in one half crosswise sheet of paper.

44. Are you done? You may submit
your work later. For now, I am
going to show you how those
information may be organized for
your reference. Your answers do
not have to be the same as the
paragraph I will be showing.

45. When people pollute rivers,
they destroy the habitats of
fish. This reduces the number of
fish that can reproduce. As a
result, fewer fish are born in
fresh water, and the fish
population declines.

46. That’s it! We are done!
You have learned how to
write a paragraph showing
cause and effect relationship.

47. I hope to see you again on
our next English 5 virtual
class. Goodbye, kids!