This document discusses code aesthetics in Java 8, emphasizing beautiful code that is easy to read, concise, and leveraging functional programming techniques like lambdas and streams. It contrasts ugly and beautiful coding practices, particularly in relation to handling exceptions and demonstrating the benefits of Javaslang for functional programming. The document also introduces features from Java 9 and considers switching to Scala for its concise functionalities.

1. Writing beautiful code
with Java 8
sergiu.indrie@iquestgroup.com

2. Disclaimer
This is not a clean code presentation, but rather a code esthetics oriented
presentation which may include clean code.

3. Beautiful code?
● Easy to read/understand/write
● Concise
● DSL-like
● Clean code ++

4. Ugly vs Beautiful
for (int i = 0; i < meetings.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(meetings);
}
for (Meeting meeting : meetings) {
System.out.println(meeting);
}
meetings.forEach(System.out::println);

5. Ugly vs Beautiful
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Complex stuff");
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Complex stuff")).start();

6. Ugly vs Beautiful
Map<String, List<Meeting>> meetingsById = meetings.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Meeting::getId));
Map<String, List<Meeting>> meetingsGrouped = new HashMap<>();
for (Meeting meeting : meetings) {
if (!meetingsGrouped.containsKey(meeting.getId())) {
meetingsGrouped.put(meeting.getId(), new ArrayList<>());
}
meetingsGrouped.get(meeting.getId()).add(meeting);
}

7. Ugly vs Beautiful
// guarded logging
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("This {} and {} with {} ", 1, that, compute());
}
VS
logger.debug("This {} ", () -> compute());

8. What’s “new” in Java 8?
● Lambdas
Runnable r2 = () -> System.out.println("Hello world two!");
● Streams
List<Room> rooms = microsoftExchangeService.getRoomLists().getItems().parallelStream()
.filter(this::isValidRoomList)
.map(this::retrieveRoomsInRoomList)
.flatMap(List::stream)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
● Optional
Optional<Meeting> meeting = meetingsDao.findById(meetingId);
meeting.ifPresent(this::setMeetingAsManuallyEnded);

9. PS - Help from IDEA
● Migration suggestions (more to come in IDEA 2016.3)

10. Enemy #1: Checked Exceptions
private static void checkedException() {
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).stream()
.map(Exceptions::intToString)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(strings);
}
private static String intToString(Integer number) throws Exception {
if (number == 3) {
throw new Exception("wrong number, pal!");
}
return String.valueOf(number);
}

11. Enemy #1: Checked Exceptions
● Complex issue (see Brian Goetz’s post from 2010)
○ generic type parameters are monadic ⇒ one exact type
○ throws clauses are variadic ⇒ 0 or more types
● Solution?

12. Enemy #1: Checked Exceptions - Solution
● 1st Solution - Unchecked Exceptions*
● 2nd Solution - Wrap to 1st (see org.jooq.lambda.Unchecked)
public static <T> T unchecked(Callable<T> callable) {
try {
return callable.call();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
List<Room> rooms = roomAddresses.parallelStream()
.map(room -> unchecked(() -> getRoomWithoutMeetings(room)))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
* Python, Scala, C#, Ruby, PHP … don’t have checked exceptions

13. Enemy #1: Checked Exceptions - Solution
public static <T> T unchecked(Callable<T> callable) {
try {
return callable.call();
} catch (ApiServiceException e) {
throw new ApiServiceRuntimeException(e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw runtime(e);
}
}
private static RuntimeException runtime(Throwable e) {
if (e instanceof RuntimeException) {
return (RuntimeException) e;
}
return new RuntimeException(e);
}

14. Enemy #1: Checked Exceptions - Solution
● A more functional approach

15. Enemy #1: Checked Exceptions - Solution
● A more functional approach
String complexResult = Try.of(SomeClass::dangerousGet)
.recover(x -> Match(x).of(
Case(instanceOf(IllegalStateException.class), () -> "1st exception"),
Case(instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class), () -> "2nd exception")
))
.getOrElse("default2");

16. By the way
Java 9 brings: Collection Factory Methods* (all immutable)
+ some stream improvements like iterate, take/dropWhile
* Nevermind if you’ve been using Guava, jOOQ

17. Java 8 is nice, but don’t
// long lambdas
numbers.forEach(e -> {
int count = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= e; i++) {
if(e % i == 0) count++;
}
System.out.println(count);
});
// unformatted streams
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3).stream().map(Object::toString)
.map(String::toUpperCase).limit(5).collect(Collectors.toList());

18. Java 8 is nice, but
Java 8 Computation Style

19. Level up: Javaslang
// Java 8
List<Integer> integers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
List<Integer> evenNumbers = integers.stream()
.filter(nr -> nr % 2 == 0)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// Javaslang
List<Integer> integers = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
List<Integer> evenIntegers = integers.filter(nr -> nr % 2 == 0);
* javaslang.collection.List

20. Level up: Javaslang
● “...greatly inspired by Scala”
● Hence very functional
● facilitates functional programming through immutability

21. List<Integer> integers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
● List is really javaslang.collection.List :) but we do have toJavaList/Array/Collection/Set() etc.
public interface List<T> extends Kind1<List<?>, T>, LinearSeq<T>, Stack<T> {
default java.util.List<T> toJavaList() {
return ValueModule.toJavaCollection(this, new ArrayList<>());
}
● All Javaslang collections are Iterable and thus can be used in enhanced for-statements
for (String s : List.of("Java", "Advent")) {
// side effects and mutation
}
Level up: Javaslang

22. ● Functional exception handling
// no need to handle exceptions
Try.of(SomeClass::bunchOfWork).getOrElse("default");
String complexResult = Try.of(SomeClass::dangerousGet)
.recover(x -> Match(x).of(
Case(instanceOf(IllegalStateException.class), () -> "1st exception"),
Case(instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class), () -> "2nd exception")
))
.getOrElse("default2");
Level up: Javaslang

23. ● Lazy
Lazy<Double> lazy = Lazy.of(Math::random);
lazy.isEvaluated(); // = false
lazy.get(); // = 0.123 (random generated)
lazy.isEvaluated(); // = true
lazy.get(); // = 0.123 (memoized)
● + other FP features like function composition, currying, memoization, lifting,
immutable collections, tuples
Level up: Javaslang

24. Or maybe just switch to Scala :D
// type inference, nice constructors, native streams API, no semicolons :)
val integers = List(1, 2, 3, 4)
val evenIntegers = integers.filter(_ % 2 == 0)
// pre/post/infix operators
val sum = (1 to 10).sum
// immutable, generated equals/getter/toString/hashcode, pattern matching decomposition
case class Person(firstName: String, lastName: String)
object Singleton {}
// immutable collections, XML processing, multiple inheritance, tuples, REPL etc.

25. Or maybe just switch to Scala :D
// pattern matching & decomposition
object Demo {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
val alice = new Person("Alice", 25)
val charlie = new Person("Charlie", 32)
for (person <- List(alice, charlie)) {
person match {
case Person("Alice", 25) => println("Hi Alice!")
case Person(name, age) => println(
"Age: " + age + " year, name: " + name + "?")
}
}
}
case class Person(name: String, age: Int)
}

26. References
https://github.com/tedyoung/awesome-java8
https://blog.jooq.org/2014/05/02/java-8-friday-lets-deprecate-those-legacy-libs/
https://blog.jetbrains.com/idea/2016/07/java-8-top-tips/
http://blog.agiledeveloper.com/2015/06/lambdas-are-glue-code.html
https://garygregory.wordpress.com/2015/09/16/a-gentle-introduction-to-the-log4j-api-and-lambda-basics/
https://dzone.com/articles/java-8-functional-interfaces-0
http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/269
https://blogs.oracle.com/briangoetz/entry/exception_transparency_in_java
http://www.artima.com/intv/handcuffs.html
http://www.mindview.net/Etc/Discussions/CheckedExceptions
https://github.com/jOOQ/jOOL#orgjooqlambdaunchecked
http://iteratrlearning.com/java9/2016/08/06/java9-streams.html
http://www.javaslang.io/
http://www.scala-lang.org/

27. That’s all folks!