The document outlines the 7 stages of writing an effective summary: 1) carefully read the passage and identify its structure and purpose, 2) reread and label key ideas and terms, 3) write one-sentence summaries of each section, 4) write a thesis statement that expresses the central idea, 5) write a first draft combining the thesis and summaries while eliminating repetition, 6) check the summary against the original for accuracy, and 7) revise the summary for coherence, style, and grammar. An effective summary should be comprehensive in including all important points, concise by eliminating repetition, coherent by sounding like its own piece of writing, and independent by using one's own words without introducing comments.

1. Writing a summary

2. The stages of writing a summary
FromWriting and ReadingAcross the Curriculum, by L.
Behrens and L. Rosen.
1. Read the passage carefully. Determine its structure. Identify the author's purpose in writing. (This will help you to
distinguish between more important and less important information.)
2.
Reread, label, and underline.This time divide the passage into sections or stages of thought.The author's use of
paragraphing will often be a useful guide. Label, on the passage itself, each section or stage of thought. Underline key
ideas and terms.
3.
Write one-sentence summaries, on a separate sheet of paper, of each stage of thought.
4.
Write a thesis--a one-sentence summary of the entire passage.The thesis should express the central idea of the
passage, as you have determined it from the preceding steps.You may find it useful to keep in mind the information
contained in the lead sentence or paragraph of most newspaper stories--the what,who,why,where,when,and how of the
matter. For persuasive passages, summarize in a sentence the author's conclusion. For descriptive passages, indicate
the subject of the description and its key features. Note: In some cases a suitable thesis may already be in the original
passage. If so, you may want to quote it directly in your summary.
5.
Write the first draft of your summary by (1) combining the thesis with your list of one-sentence summaries or (2)
combining the thesis with one-sentence summaries plus significant details from the passage. In either case, eliminate
repetition. Eliminate less important information. Disregard minor details, or generalize them. Use as few words as
possible to convey the main ideas.
6.
Check your summary against the original passage, and make whatever adjustments are necessary for accuracy and
completeness.
7.
Revise your summary, inserting transitional words and phrases where necessary to ensure coherence. Check for style.
Avoid series of short, choppy sentences. Combine sentences for a smooth, logical flow of ideas. Check for
grammatical correctness, punctuation, and spelling.

3. A good summary should be:
 Comprehensive.
You need to isolate all the important points in the original passage. List the
points, and then review them. For your summary, include all the points that are
essential to the author’s thesis.
 Concise.
Eliminate repetitions, even if the author restates the same points. Remember, a
summary should be considerably shorter than the author’s original writing.
 Coherent.
A good summary is a piece of writing in its own right.While it should be developed
from your list of notes, it should not sound like a list of sentences that are
strung together in paragraph or essay form.
 Independent.
Do not imitate the author. Do not simply quote the author. Use your own words
to express your understanding of what you have read.After all, your summary is
based on your interpretation of the writer’s points or ideas. Do not introduce
your own comments or criticisms into the summary.These should be saved
for your analysis.

4. Summary task

5. Length of the summary (test 70 – 80
words)
 Match the beginnings and endings
A very long summary
Probably includes irrelevant information
A very short summary
is probably missing something important

6. Task
Line 13
Line 14
Lines 10-12
Line 28
Line 31
Line 24
Line 12 &
20-22

7. Task
1 2
3 7
The others are about Indian
music!!

8. Task