2. Planning
What (text message, e-mail, letter, essay, research paper)
Why (to inform, to argument, to compare)
For whom (a friend, a teacher, a boss, a class)
3. The answer to what will determine the information;
this can be planned through an outline, a list, or in
your head.
The answer to why, or the purpose, will influence the
information, the type of text and the language.
The audience will help choose the structure, the
language and the tone (formal 0r informal).
4. The process of writing
Planning
Drafting (first, second, third…… version)
Editing (corrections)
Final version
5. Start writing
Title: Try thinking of an original title, not just the
topic, for example in the case of cockfighting,
“Tradition or Animal Cruelty,” Entertainment or
Greed”. You can also specify the title a little more:
“Cockfighting in Costa Rica: the pros and cons”
6. Organization of an essay
Introduction: Thesis statement (it should indicate what
you are writing about and why), definition, background
information, final sentence introducing following
paragraph (the final sentence can also be the thesis
statement.
Body paragraphs: One single idea should be expressed
through the main sentence, and the other sentences are to
support this one idea. When revising, ask yourself : What
is this paragraph about? Are all the sentences related?
7. Conclusion : Sum up all the information, offer final
statements or results, restate the main idea, if applicable,
give personal opinion.
.
9. Now, what is wrong here?
In conclusion there a myriad of personal views points
that support and oppose this controversial sport, but it
seems that cockfighting won’t be banned any time
soon. Part of cockfighting’s strength is it’s support
base, garnering the participation of wealthy and
famous people. For example, in many countries around
the world some politicians support this cruel activity.
Despite being illegal and looked down upon in many
countries, cockfighting is legal and considered part of a
cultural heritage that will pass from generation to
generation.
10. Cohesion
Cohesion: The sentences “stick together” so we know
what is being referred to and how the phrases and
sentences relate to each other. This is done through
the use of conjunctions, pronouns, transitions and
others.
11. We will see what is going to happened in the next few
days or months and see if it is going to be banned or
not, there are the cock breeders that fiercely defend
these events must continue because is part of our
culture, others that in contrast want cruelty to stop…
and my personal opinion that is definitely against
cockfights.
12. Coherence
Coherence: The reader should be able to identify the
writer’s purpose and line of thought.
Die with dignity and not silver as in cockfighting.
Some people relate cockfights with the culture so might
create all kinds of hard feelings within our society.
They also argue that use their own money and not cash
from people.
13. Sentences
Sentences should not be very short because the
writing will seem “choppy” nor too long because they
can become confusing.
I like to watch tv.
Their only function is to die and that’s it.
In the Ark of Noah were fighting cocks.
14. There are people that are against these combats
because they are not in favor of the abuse animal
and they want to stop these fights because
unfortunately the destiny of the cocks is the death
because they cannot be given to the people because
they can hurt someone so at the end the law has to
kill them.
15. Run-ons
Run-on sentences have two or more independent
clauses that are placed together without a
conjunction or connector. Commonly, only a comma
was used in your essays.
I would like to mention as negative aspects the animal
abuse, this is a very violent activity in where..
…they have no way to scape, have to fight until the end,
at the fights they are force to be violent, they cannot
socialize.
16. Cockfighting is a blood sport between two roosters
specifically bred for aggressiveness, people call them
gamecocks, they are placed beak to beak in a small ring
called cockpit and encouraged to fight to the death.
In recent months we have heard, read and seen on
television, more often, the problematic issue of
cockfighting in our country, the police and SENASA…
The final solution for fighting cocks is sacrificed, we
put them to sleep.
17. …a cockfight is not something to be proud of. It is an
animal who suffers, who is trained to kill…
Cockfights are combats between two cocks of the same
gender and race, the winner of the….
18. Incomplete
How much they can earn in one night to gambling.
Things such as cockfighting.
In the Ark of Noah were fighting cocks.
Die with dignity and not silver as in cockfighting.
19. The definite article
Remember that the is a definite article, that is, the
noun following it is a specific one (not just any).
The cannot be used before gerund functioning as a
noun (swimming, cockfighting), the days of the week
or the months of the year.
In the case of the swimming pool, the gerund is an
adjective.
20. The rooster fight
…based on that the rooster have a genetic or
characteristics for fighting.
They said that the society present a double moral
because they critic the rooster fights but no other
activities were animals….
most of the countries/ most countries
…where people practice the clandestine cockfighting.
21. …the roosters were born to fight.
…people enjoy the bet and they say that the bet does
not hurt anybody.
The director of National Animal Health Service…
22. Pronouns
Pronouns always need a antecedent which should
be near enough to understand who or what the
pronoun is replacing. They should not be used over
and over again at the beginning of each sentences,
and never to start a paragraph.
23. I encourage all the people how has ever participate in
this to stop the gambling and every kind of motivation
they have to be part of it. (paragraph)
They are even brought to this world with special
techniques that makes them very violent in nature.
They have a special and very sharp beak that makes
them even more violent because their function is to…
They also explain is a very unsanitary practice because
of the environment in which these activities are held.
And also, because the main attraction of these
activities is the bets which make cockfighting illegal.
