The document provides information about the Earth and world geography. It discusses the size and characteristics of the Earth, including its rotation, composition, and physical features. It also summarizes key data about the world's continents, oceans, islands, lakes, rivers, mountains, cities, countries and languages. The summaries focus on rankings and comparisons of these geographic entities and features.

1. THE WORLD
S M MUJAHIDUL ALAM

2. THE EARTH
GEOGRAPHY: Geography is the study of the earth
& its distribution. Geography describes the
earth’s surface – its physical features, climates,
vegetation, soils, products, peoples etc and their
distribution.

3. EARTH:
 The Earth is fifth in size of the nine major planets;
 Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun at a distance of
about 150 million kilometers (93.2 million miles).
 It takes 365.256 days for the Earth to travel around the
Sun and 23.9345 hours for the Earth rotate a complete
revolution.
 The solid outer layer of the earth known as the
Lithosphere is partially covered by an extensive area of
water, known as the Hydrosphere, and around the earth
is a gaseous encircles known as the Atmosphere.

4. EARTH:
 Although the earth is often regarded as being a
sphere, it is actually an oblate spheroid being
slightly flattened at the poles. They are known as
the North Pole South Pole.
 The imaginary line joining these points is called
the ‘Axis’ of the Earth. The Earth’s Axis passes
through the center of the Earth.

7. EARTH:
 The circumference of the earth is 40075 km and the
radius is 6371 km.
 The Earth's surface is very young. The Earth is 4.5 to
4.6 billion years old.
 The upper surface of the earth is at many places
covered by land and at many other places covered
with water. This water on the surface of the earth fill
the deep valleys and the big water – mass is called an
Ocean or Sea.

8. EARTH:
 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with
water. Infect, the greater part of the water is
submerged or sunk under water.
 Type of Waters is 97% salt & 3% fresh.
 The Earth's atmosphere is 77% nitrogen, 21%
oxygen, with traces of argon, carbon dioxide
and water.

9. EARTH
The Moon looks bright because it reflects the
Sun’s light to us on the Earth. The Moon
revolves round the Earth and the Earth
revolves round the Sun. When our Earth comes
in between the Sun & the Moon, our Earth
casts a shadow on the Moon. This is called a
Lunar Eclipse.
There is more land than the water in the
Northern Hemisphere.

10. EARTH
There is more water than the land in the
Southern Hemisphere.
The land mass is much bigger than the
water mass in the Eastern Hemisphere.
The water mass is much bigger than the
land mass in the Western Hemisphere.

11. WORLD GEOGRAPHY
It is amazing to know that 71% of the earth is composed of the water of
oceans and just about 29% the land. The earth's land is divided into seven
major parts called continents. Listed below are the seven continents according
to the ranks of their sizes.
1. ASIA 44,485,900 sq. km. 30.0% of earth's land
2. AFRICA 30,269,680 sq. km. 20.4%
3. NORTH AMERICA 24,235,280 sq. km. 16.3%
4. SOUTH AMERICA 17,820,770 sq. km 12.0%
5. ANTARCTICA 13,209,000 sq. km. 8.9%
6. EUROPE 10,530,750 sq. km. 7.1%
7. AUSTRALIA 7,682,300 sq. km. 5.2%

12. WORLD TRAVEL GEOGRAPHY
The four major oceans of the world are listed
below according to their sizes.
1. PACIFIC 166,241,000 sq. kin. 46.0% of earth's water area
2. ATLANTIC 86,557,000 sq. km. 23.9%
3. INDIAN 73,427,000 sq. km 20.3%
4. ARCTIC 9,485,000 sq. km. 2.6%

18. THE WORLD
OCEANS OF THE WORLD (by size)
Pacific (155,557,000 sq km)
Atlantic (76,762,000 sq km)
Indian (68,556,000 sq km)
Southern (20,327,000 sq km)
Arctic (14,056,000 sq km)
 OCEANS OF THE WORLD (Deep)
Pacific Ocean (35,827 ft) (10,924 meters)
Atlantic Ocean (30,246 ft) (9,219 meters)
Indian Ocean (24,460 ft) (7,455 meters)
Caribbean Sea (22,788 ft) (6,946 meters)
Arctic Ocean (18,456 ft) (5,625 meters)

19. THE WORLD
Note: the International Hydrographic Organization
approved the Southern Ocean in 2000. It is now the fourth
largest ocean.
Pacific Ocean separates Asia and Australia from the
Americas
Atlantic Ocean separate s the Americas from Eurasia
and Africa
Indian Ocean washes upon southern Asia and separates
Africa and Australia

21. MAJOR SEAS (by size)
South China (2,974,600 sq km)
Caribbean (2,515,900 sq km)
Mediterranean (2,510,000 sq km) Africa and Asia
Bering (2,261,100 sq km) Alaska and Siberia
Gulf of Mexico (1,507,600 sq km)
Arabian Sea (1,498,320 sq km) west of India
Sea of Okhotsk (1,392,100 sq km)
Sea of Japan (East Sea) (1,012,900 sq km)
Hudson Bay (730,100 sq km)
East China (664,600 sq km)

23. CONTINENT s OF THE WORLD
CONTINENTS (by size)
1 Asia - (44,579,000 sq km)
2 Africa - (30,065,000 sq km)
3 North America - (24,256,000 sq km)
4 South America - (17,819,000 sq km)
5 Antarctica - (13,209,000 sq km)
6 Europe - (9,938,000 sq km)
7 Australia/Oceania - (7,687,000 sq km)
CONTINENTS ( by population)
Population -
1 Asia - (3,879,000,000)
2 Africa - (877,500,000)
3 Europe - (727,000,000)
4 North America - (501,500,000)
5 South America - (379,500,000)
6 Australia/Oceania - (32,000,000)
7 Antarctica

24. MAJOR LAKES (By Size)
Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (394,299 sq km)
Superior, North America (82,414 sq km)
Victoria, Africa (69,500 sq km)
Huron, North America (59,600 sq km)
Michigan, North America (58,016 sq km)
Aral Sea, Asia (33,800 sq km)
Tanganyika, Africa (32,900 sq km)
Baikal, Asia (31,500 sq km)
Great Bear, North America (31,300 sq km)
Malawi, Africa (30,044 sq km)

25. MAJOR RIVERS (By Length)
Nile, Africa (6,825 km)
Amazon, South America (6,437 km)
Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Asia (6,380 km)
Mississippi, North America (5,971 km)
Yenisey-Angara, Asia (5,536 km)
Huang (Yellow), Asia (5,464 km)
Ob-Irtysh, Asia (5,410 km)
Amur, Asia (4,416 km)
Lena, Asia (4,400 km)
Congo, Africa (4,370 km)

26. MAJOR ISLANDS (by size)
Australia, (7,617.930 sq km) is widely considered part of a
continental landmass, not officially an island. But without doubt it
is the largest island on the planet, and when combined with
Oceania, the smallest continent on Earth.
• Greenland (2,175,600 sq km)
New Guinea (792,500 sq km)
Borneo (725,500 sq km)
Madagascar (587,000 sq km)
Baffin (507,500 sq km)
• Sumatra (427,300 sq km)
Honshu (227,400 sq km)
Great Britain (218,100 sq km)
• Victoria (217,300 sq km)
Ellesmere (196,200 sq km)

27. LARGEST DESERTS OF THE WORLD
• Sahara, North Africa 3,500,000 sq.
miles
Arabian, Middle East 1,000,000 sq.
miles
• Gobi, China 500,000 sq. miles
• Patagonian, Argentina 260,000 sq.
miles
Great Victoria, Australia 250,000 sq.
miles
Rub'al Khali, Middle East 250,000 sq.
miles
Kalahari, Southern Africa 225,000 sq.
miles
Syrian, Middle East 200,000 sq. miles
• Great Basin, S.W. USA 190,000 sq.
miles
Chihuahuan, Mexico 175,000 sq.
miles
• Thar, India/Pakistan175, 000 sq.
miles
Great Sandy, Australia 150,000 sq.
miles
• Kara-Kum, West Asia 135,000 sq.
miles
• Colorado, Western USA 130,000 sq.
miles
Gibson, Australia 120,000 sq. miles
Sonoran, S.W. USA 120,000 sq. miles
• Taklamakan, China 105,000 sq. miles
• Iranian, Iran 100,000 sq. miles
Mohave, S, W, USA 54,000 sq. miles
Atacama, Chile SA 54,000 sq. miles

28. TOP 10 TALLEST MOUNTAINS
Mount Everest 8850m Nepal/China
Qogir (K2) 8611m (28250ft) Pakistan
Kangchenjunga 8586m (28169ft) Nepal
Lhotse 8501m (27920ft) Nepal
Makalu I 8462m (27765ft) Nepal
Cho Oyu 8201m (26906ft) Nepal
Dhaulagiri 8167m (26794ft) Nepal
Manaslu I 8156m (26758ft) Nepal
TALLEST MOUNTAINS
(On Each Continent)
Mount Everest 8850m (29035ft) Asia
Aconcagua 6959m (22831ft) S. America
Mount McKinley 6194m N. America
Mount Kilimanjaro 5963m (19563ft)
Africa
Mount Elbrus 5633m (18481ft) Europe
Puncak Jaya 4884m (16023ft) Oceania
Vinson Massif 4897m (16066ft)
Antarctica

29. • LARGEST CITIES ON THE PLANET
Shanghai, China 13.3 Million
Mumbai (Bombay), India 12.6 million
Buenos Aires, Argentina 11.96 million
Seoul, South Korea 11.2 million
Karachi, Pakistan 11.2 million
Manila, Philippines 10.13 million
Sao Paulo, Brazil 10.06 million
Delhi, India 10.01 million
Istanbul, Turkey 9.29 million
Jakarta, Indonesia 8.68 million
Mexico City, Mexico 8.66 million
Dhaka 8.54 million
Moscow, Russia 8.37 million
Lagos, Nigeria 8.68 million
Lima, Peru 8.38 million
Tokyo, Japan 8.2 million
New York City, USA 8.04 million
Cairo, Egypt 7.6 million
London, UK 7.59 million
Teheran, Iran 7.3 million

30. COUNTRIES (Oldest & youngest)
OLDEST COUNTRIES YOUNGEST COUNTRIES
San Marino (301 AD)
France (486 AD)
Bulgaria (632 AD)
Denmark (950 AD)
Portugal (1143 AD)
Andorra (1278 AD)
Kosovo 2008
Serbia/ Montenegro (2006)
East Timor (2002)
Palau (1994)
Czech Republic/Slovakia (1993)
Eritrea (1993)

31. Largest & Smallest countries
Largest countries Smallest countries
Russia 17,075,400 sq km,
Canada 9976140 sq km,
USA 9629091 sq km,
China 9596960 sq km,
Brazil 8511965 sq km,
Australia 7686850 sq km,
India 3287590 sq km,
Argentina 2766890 sq km,
Kazakhstan 2717300 sq km,
Sudan 2505810 sq km
Vatican City 0.44 sq km,
Monaco 1.95 sq km,
Nauru 21.2 sq km,
Tuvalu 26 sq km,
San Marino 61 sq km,
Liechtenstein 160 sq km,
Marshall Islands 181 sq km,
Seychelles 270 sq km,
Maldives 300 sq km,
St. Kitts and Nevis 360 sq km,

32. LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD
Chinese Mandarin 1.051 billion
English 512 million
Hindi 501 million
Spanish 420 million
Russian 285 million
Arabic 265 million
Bengali 245 million
German 229 million
Portuguese 213 million
Malay-Indonesian 140 million
French 130 million
Japanese 127 million
Urdu 104 million
Punjabi 88 million
Vietnamese 86 million
Korean 78 million

33. HCCCigCountrieshestCOUNTRIES (Highest Density)
(people per square miles)
Monaco 43,252.6
Hong Kong 11,510
Singapore 10,177
Vatican City 4,258.8
Malta 2,672
Bangladesh 1,506
Barbados 1,506
Bahrain 1,250
Maldives 1,209
Nationalist China 1,181.6
Mauritius 1,139.2
COUNTRIES (Lowest Density)
(people per square miles)
Mongolia 5
Namibia 6
Iceland 7
Suriname 7
Botswana 7
Australia 7
Mauritania 8
Libya 8
Canada 9
Guyana 9
Gabon 13.44

34. COUNTRY POPULATION (smallest)
(August, 2007 numbers)
Vatican City 770
Tuvalu 12,000
Nauru 13,050
Palau 20,300
San Marino 29,000
Monaco 32,410
Liechtenstein 34,000
St. Kitts 39,000
Marshall Islands 59,070
Antigua and Barbuda 69,000
COUNTRY POPULATION (largest)
(June, 2008 numbers)
China 1,330,044,544
India 1,147,995,904
USA 303,824,640
Indonesia 237,512,352
Brazil 196,342,592
Pakistan 172,800,048
Bangladesh 153,546,896
Nigeria 146,255,312
Russia 140,702,096
Japan 127,288,416

35. Geographical Terms
 Bay: A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to
a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another bay. A
large bay may be called a gulf,
 Beach: An area of sand or small stones beside the sea or a lake.
 Cliff: A high area of rock with a very steep side often at the edge of the
sea or ocean.
 Continent: The large land masses of the earth.
 Delta: The often triangular-shaped alluvial deposition area at the mouth
of a river. Named for the shape of the Greek letter delta, shaped as a
triangle.
 Desert: An area with little rainfall or where evaporation exceeds rain,
and thus includes thin
vegetation. Desert is a dry barren often sand covered area of land. It
covers about 33% of the
earth's land surface. Only few plants grow here.
 Glacier: A large mass of ice that moves slowly or a slow moving mass of
ice.

36. BAY
Bay: A bay is a recessed, coastal body
of water that directly connects to a
larger main body of water, such as
an ocean, lake, or another bay. A large
bay may be called a gulf,

37. Beach
A beach is a landform along a
body of water. It usually consists
of loose particles, which are often
composed of rock, such as
sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles
or cobblestones. The particles
composing a beach are
occasionally biological in origin,
such as mollusc shells or coralline
algae.

38. Cliff
In geography and geology, a cliff is a
vertical, or nearly vertical, rock
exposure. Cliffs are formed
as erosion landforms by the processes
of weathering and erosion. Cliffs are
common on coasts, in mountainous
areas, escarpments and along rivers.
Cliffs are usually formed by rock that is
resistant to weathering and erosion.

39. Delta
Delta: The often triangular-shaped
alluvial deposition area at the mouth
of a river. Named for the shape of the
Greek letter delta, shaped as a
triangle.

40. Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of
dense ice that is constantly moving
under its own weight; it forms where
the accumulation of snow exceeds
its ablation (melting and sublimation)
over many years, often centuries.
Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to
stresses induced by their weight,
creating crevasses, seracs, and other
distinguishing features. They also
abrade rock and debris from their
substrate to create landforms such
as cirques and moraines. Glaciers
form only on land and are distinct
from the much thinner sea ice and lake
ice that form on the surface of bodies
of water.

41. Geographical Terms
 Gulf: A large inlet of water surrounded by land; usually
surrounded on three sides by land larger than a bay.
 Harbor: A protected place of an ocean, sea, lake or river where
ships can shelter.
 Hill: A naturally raised area of land, not as high as a mountain.
 Island: A body of land surrounded on all sides by water.
 Lake: A large body of water surrounded on all sides by land.
 Mountain: A prominent and large mass of land that extends above
the surrounding landscape. Mountain is larger than a hill.
Although there is no official definition of a mountain and its use
varies from location to location, many consider a mountain to be
taller than 2,000 feet or 610mts
 Mountain Pass: A narrow gap in the mountains.
 Mouth: Place where a river flows into the ocean or another body
of water.

42. Gulf
Gulf: A large inlet of water
surrounded by land; usually
surrounded on three sides by
land larger than a bay.

43. Harbor: A protected place
of an ocean, sea, lake or
river where ships can
shelter

44. Hill
The distinction between a hill and
a mountain is unclear and largely
subjective, but a hill is universally
considered to be less tall and less
steep than a mountain. In
the United Kingdom, geographers
historically regarded mountains as
hills greater than 1,000 feet
(304.8 meters) above sea level,

45. Plateau: Flat land with steep
sides, raised above the
surrounding land.

46. Geographical Terms
 Ocean: the body of salt water covering nearly three fourths of the earth's
surface.
 Plateau: Flat land with steep sides, raised above the surrounding land.
 Port: A place where ships load and unload goods.
 Reef: A long line of rocks, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of
the water.
 Ridge: A long and narrow chain of hills or mountains.
 River: A large stream of water that flows across the land and usually falls into a
lake, ocean or another river.
 Sea: A large body of water partly or entirely enclosed by land, which covers most
of the earth's surface.
 Strait: a narrow channel that joins two larger bodies of water, sea or ocean.
 Stream: A flowing body of water or a small narrow river.
 Valley: An area of low land between hills or mountains.
 Waterfall: A flow of water falling from a high place.

47. Reef
A reef is a bar of rock,
sand, coral or similar material,
lying beneath the surface of
water. Reefs may be up to 261
feet (80 m) below the surface.

48. Ridge: A long and narrow
chain of hills or mountains