Workshop on Android App Development

Entwicklers © 2015
Workshop on Android
Application Development along-
with the Latest Mobile
Technologies & its Market
TrendJ.K. Institute of Applied Physics & Technology
University of Allahabad
Entwicklers

Entwicklers Entwicklers © 2015
Course Content
> Android Basics
> Android Components
> Android Application Architecture
> Android Development Kit
> Android Virtual Device Manager
> Creating Sample Android App
> Executing Sample App in Virtual Device
> Directory Structure > Explicit Intent

Course Content
> Implicit Intent
> Layout Manager and View Groups
> Generic Values and XMLs
> Resources
> Pre-packaged Application
> Notifications > Creating App Widget
> Designing User Interface
> Publishing App in the Android Market

About Entwicklers

A Group of Programming and Gadget Geeks

Started by people who believe in learning, developing
and sharing

Provides support on new technologies and tools.

Connects students with the latest happenings and
advancements in the world of technology.

Believes in the motto of :-
“Develop the Future in Your hand”

Irina Blok
She worked as a designer
at Google.Create your own Android
logo with Androidify App.

The Man behind Android,i.e. the
founder of Android, Andy Rubin

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ANDROID

Android, Inc. was originally founded in Palo Alto, California in
October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris
White to develop, "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of
its owner's location and preferences".

Started as Open Handset Alliance by a group of 84 companies
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/

Is completely open source

Based on Apache License

Take the source code, make all the changes you need and
you don't have to contribute your code back

Uses Linux as the core kernel though some of the Linux kernel
changes are not still accepted by Linus Torvalds.

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) take the Android OS,
add their own packages for their hardware & they ship the device.

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ANDROID ECOSYSTEM

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ANDROID ECOSYSTEM

Various versions :

Eclaire (2.0), Froyo (2.2), Gingerbread (2.3),
Honeycomb (3.2), Icecream Sandwich (4.0.3),
Jelly Bean (4.1), Keylime Pie (4.2)

Honeycomb onwards is suitable for tablets

OEM's are free to differentiate for various hardware

Basic OS has to be certified for Google Android
Compatibility Test Suite for being called a Android
based device

What does Google gain out of Android

Proliferation of its services

More ads money

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ANDROID Facts

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Mobile Operating
Systems

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Tricky Questions

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Chronology of
Mobile OS Platforms

1979–92 Mobiles had embedded systems to control operation.

1993 The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, had a touchscreen, email, and
PDA features.

1996 Palm Pilot 1000 personal digital assistant is introduced with the Palm
OS mobile operating system.

1996 First Windows CE Hand-held PC devices are introduced.

1999 Nokia S40 OS was officially introduced with the launch of the Nokia
7110.

2000 Symbian became the first modern mobile OS on a smartphone with
the launch of the Ericsson R380.

2001 The Kyocera 6035 is the first smartphone with Palm OS.

2002 Microsoft's first Windows CE (Pocket PC) smartphones were
introduced.

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Chronology of
Mobile OS Platforms

2002 BlackBerry released its first smartphone.

2005 Nokia introduced Maemo OS, the 1st internet tablet
N770.

2007 Apple iPhone with iOS introduced as an iPhone, "mobile
phone" and "internet communicator."

2007 Open Handset Alliance (OHA) formed by Google, HTC,
Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Samsung, LG, etc.

2008 OHA releases Android 1.0 with the HTC Dream (T-
Mobile G1) as the first Android phone.

2009 Palm introduced webOS with the Palm Pre. By 2012
webOS devices were no longer sold.

2009 Samsung announces the Bada OS with the introduction
of the Samsung S8500.

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Chronology of
Mobile OS Platforms

2010 Windows Phone OS phones are released but are not
compatible with the previous Windows Mobile OS.

2011 The MeeGo the first mobile Linux, combined Maemo
and Moblin, was introduced with Nokia N9 in effect of
cooperation of Nokia, Intel and Linux Foundation.

In September 2011 Samsung, Intel and the Linux
Foundation announced that their efforts will shift from Bada,
MeeGo to Tizen during 2011 and 2012.

In October 2011 the Mer project was announced, centered
around an ultra-portable Linux + HTML5/QML/JS Core for
building products with, derived from the MeeGo codebase.

2012 The Lenovo K800 was the first Intel powered
smartphone (Android OS).

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Important facts

A mobile operating system,
also referred to as mobile
OS, is an operating system
that operates a smartphone,
tablet, PDA, or other mobile
device.

Few famous mobile OSs
are:-
1)Android 2)Windows
Phone
3)iOS 4)Blackberry
5)Symbian 6)Tizen
7)Sailfish OS

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Important facts

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Important facts
Source model closed source with
open source
components
Latest release 1.1.2.16 / 25 February
2015
Marketing target Mobile and general
purpose
Kernel type Monolithic (Linux)

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Important facts
Mobile OS PC OS
Small form factor (3-10'') Large form factor (10-65'')
Low power consumption(0-2 Watts) Low power consumption(8-20 Watts)
Lower memory (min. 32MB) Lower memory (min. 1GB)
Lower CPU speeds (min. 200MHz) Lower CPU speeds (min. 1G Hz)
Less disk space (min. 128MB) Less disk space (>100GB)
Maximum sensor integration (gyroscope,
accelerometer, … )
No use cases for sensor integration
No keyboard / mouse Keyboard / mouse a must
Lower processing power (basic
functionality, like voice, SMS, browsing,
email etc.)
High processing power
Advanced devices with touch capability No touch capability (until the recent
release of the Intel Ultrabook

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Mobile
Computing

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Tricky Questions
Why does anyone need mobility?

It started off by a means to connect with people
in remote areas
As Nokia put it: "Connecting People"

People rapidly moved away from fixed phones
to mobile phones

Enablers of Mobility

Business

Social aspects

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Tricky Questions
What is Mobile Computing?

In simple terms "Computing for mobile devices"

What does computing involve:

Calls

SMS

Anything else ???

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How it all
started ???

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Important facts

A system for transmitting
voices over a distance using
wire or radio, by converting
acoustic vibrations to electrical
signals.

First patented in 1876 by
Alexander Graham Bell.
Bell placing the first
New York to Chicago
telephone call in 1892

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Process

Calls had to be placed manually by placing a request to
the central office

An operator would switch the calls between the users

During 1970-80, computers were used to automatically
switch between the various calls

Features provided by POTS

Voice mail

Caller id

Call waiting

Speed dialing

Conference call

Automated switches used to connected different parties

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Mobile Revolution
Enablers
Happened in two verticals

Telecom

Mobile handsets

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Important facts
Number of active mobile
connections in India?
762.39M Active Mobile Connections

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Important facts
Number of mobile
owners in India?
554.8M Active Mobile Owners
More than 298M, about 54 per cent, of
these device owners are in rural areas as
compared to 256M in cities and towns.

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Important facts
Number of internet users
in India?
143.2M Internet Users

But only 23.8M user access internet via mobile phones or other PDAs and
around 77% of these users are in rural areas.

Acc. to Akamai's State of the Internet Report, South Korea was once again
the only country with an average connection speed of over 20 Mbps
(megabits per second)...Among the remaining surveyed countries, the
lowest average connection speed was seen in India, at 1.5 Mbps.

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Mobile
Revolution

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Important facts

Mobile phones

Were mainly used for voice calls

SMS was widely adapted in Asian countries

SMS drove the business for many companies
and businesses evolved around SMS and MMS

Telecom companies were looking for the next
"Killer application" other than voice call

Semiconductor technology advancements was hugely
responsible for mobile technology revolution

ARM hardware platform was being heavily used by
many phone manufacturers (Nokia, Ericsson, …)

Reducing chip size (latest is 22nm^2) TSMC chip

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Tricky Questions
The first hand-held cell
phone that was
demonstrated by John F.
Mitchell and Dr Martin
Cooper of Motorola in
1973, using a handset
weighing around 2.2
pounds (1 kg).

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IMPORTANT FACTs
What is it?
A smart phone (or 'smartphone')
is a handheld device capable of
advanced tasks beyond those of
a standard mobile phone.
The term 'smartphone' did not
appear until 1997, when Erricson
described its GS 88 “Penelope”
concept as a “Smart Phone”.

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Tricky Questions
The first device that can
be properly referred to as
a "smartphone" -even
though that term was not
yet coined- named IBM
Simon Personal
Communicator.

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IMPORTANT FACTs
Brand : BellSouth Designed by IBM
First released : August 16, 1994; 20 years ago
Availability by country :United States August 16, 1994
Discontinued : February 1995
Units sold : 50,000
Dimensions: 8" (H) x 2.5" (W) x 1.5" (D)
Weight : 18 oz (510 g)
Operating system : Datalight ROM-DOS
CPU : Vadem 16 MHz, 16-bit, x86-compatible
Memory : 1 MB
Storage : 1 MB
Battery : 7.5V NiCad
Data inputs : • Microphone •Touchscreen with stylus
Display : 4.5 in × 1.4 in (114 mm × 36 mm), 160px x 293px
monochrome backlit LCD

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Smartphone
characteristics
 Enables advanced features
 Email
 Web Browsing
 Maps
 Media – audio/video
 Disk space ~ 2GB
 RAM ~ 1GB
 CPU ~ 1.5GHz
 Target user base
 On the move users (business,
sales force etc.)
 Tech users

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Tablet device
characteristics
 Pretty much everything
available on a PC / Laptop
 Browsing
 Maps
 Email
 Movies - HD 1080p
 External connectors

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PC vs smartphones
and Tablets
PCs Smartphones/Tablets
Mainly driven by Intel x86
chipset (95% of the
market).
Mainly driven by ARM chipset
(95% of the market).
Higher processor speed. Lower processor speed.
High memory. Low memory.
Suitable for heavy
processing.
Suitable for normal
processing (browsing, emails,
… ).
Too much power Less power consumption.

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Tricky Questions
Is there practically any difference
between a tablet and a phone?
So why can't companies create only a
phone or a tablet and why both?
No
User base

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Mobile Application Important
Aspects

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Important facts
What is User Base?
The number of people who use a
particular product or service, especially
one available on the Internet.

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Important facts
What is its importance?
Money

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Mobile phone
user base

Basic phone users

Calling

SMS oriented users

Calling

SMS

APAC region is highly SMS driven

Tech users

Calling

Browsing

Emails

Maps

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Well known apps

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Let's Get
Started

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Android
Components

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ANDROI D Components

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Android System
Architecture

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Linux at the core

Linux has a scalable architecture

Android uses Linux as its core OS and creates an
application framework around it

Core kernel is mostly independent of hardware

Well-defined support for modules enables an easy
way to support new hardware

Extensive support (ranging from routers to heavy duty
servers)

Easy configuration to port it to a new hardware

Has been supported on the Intel x86 platform from
almost its inception

Good support available even for ARM architecture

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ANDROID OS
ARCHITECTURE

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Android Development
Kit

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ANDROI D SDK

APIs for using the device OS features

Provides extensive API like:

Telephony

Connectivity (Network, Bluetooth, NFC etc.)

Productivity (Phonebook, Calendar, Email,
etc.)

UI (a unified Android look & Feel)

Sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope etc.)

Browser engine

…...

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ANDROI D Studio
What is Gradle?

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System
REQUIREMENTS
Windows
•Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit)
•2 GB RAM minimum, 4 GB RAM recommended
•400 MB hard disk space
•At least 1 GB for Android SDK, emulator system images, and
caches
•1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution
•Java Development Kit (JDK) 7
•Optional for accelerated emulator: Intel® processor with
support for Intel® VT-x, Intel® EM64T (Intel® 64), and Execute
Disable (XD) Bit functionality

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App Development
Workflow

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Languages And
Tools

Programming Languages / Tools

Java

C/C++ for native applications

Eclipse

Linux (not mandatory)

Graphics elements

Design tools (Adobe tools)

Gimp, Krita in Ubuntu

Audio elements

Create your own audio clips

Audio recorder tools in Ubuntu

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Android Virtual Device
Manager

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Android Vi rtual
Device

An emulator configuration that lets you model an
actual device by defining hardware and software
options to be emulated by the Android Emulator.

An AVD consists of:
– A hardware profile
– A mapping to a system image
– Other options
– A dedicated storage area on your
development machine

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Activity and its
cycle
An Activity is an application component that provides a screen with which users
can interact in order to do something, such as dial the phone, take a photo, send
an email, or view a map. Each activity is given a window in which to draw its user
interface. The window typically fills the screen, but may be smaller than the
screen and float on top of other windows.

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Fragments
A Fragment represents a behavior or a portion of user
interface in an Activity. You can combine multiple
fragments in a single activity to build a multi-pane UI
and reuse a fragment in multiple activities. You can
think of a fragment as a modular section of an activity,
which has its own lifecycle, receives its own input
events, and which you can add or remove while the
activity is running (sort of like a "sub activity" that you
can reuse in different activities).

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Action bar
The action bar is one of the most important design
elements you can implement for your app's activities. It
provides several user interface features that make your app
immediately familiar to users by offering consistency
between other Android apps. Key functions include:
– A dedicated space for giving your app an identity and
indicating the user's location in the app.
– Access to important actions in a predictable way.
– Support for navigation and view switching.

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layouts
A layout defines the visual structure for a user
interface, such as the UI for an activity or app
widget. You can declare a layout in two ways:
– Declare UI elements in XML
– Instantiate layout elements at runtime

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Dialogs
A dialog is a small window that prompts the user to
make a decision or enter additional information. A
dialog does not fill the screen and is normally used
for modal events that require users to take an
action before they can proceed.

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Resources
It takes more than just code to build a great app.
So, resources are the additional files and static
content that your code uses, such as bitmaps,
sound or music, layout definitions, user interface
strings, animation instructions, and more.

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Notifications
A notification is a message you can display to the
user outside of your application's normal UI. When
you tell the system to issue a notification, it first
appears as an icon in the notification area. To see
the details of the notification, the user opens the
notification drawer. Both the notification area and
the notification drawer are system-controlled areas
that the user can view at any time.

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App Widgets
App Widgets are miniature application views that
can be embedded in other applications (such as
the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.
These views are referred to as Widgets in the user
interface, and you can publish one with an App
Widget provider. An application component that is
able to hold other App Widgets is called an App
Widget host.

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User Interface
An app's user interface is
everything that the user can see
and interact with. Android
provides a variety of pre-build
UI components such as
structured layout objects and UI
controls that allow you to build
the graphical user interface for
your app. Android also provides
other UI modules for special
interfaces such as dialogs,
notifications, and menus.

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User Interface
Best Practices

Designing for Multiple
Screens

Designing for TV

Creating Custom Views

Creating Backward-
Compatible UI's

Implementing Accessibility

Managing the System UI

Customizing Action-bar.

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