This document provides information on various measuring tools used in workshops: steel rulers, L-squares, vernier calipers, spirit levels, and protractors. It describes the purpose and basic features of each tool. Steel rulers are used for straight-line measurements and drawings. L-squares help create perpendicular lines and measure angles. Vernier calipers provide highly precise linear measurements. Spirit levels indicate whether a surface is horizontal or vertical. Protractors are used to measure and mark angles. Examples and pictures of each tool are included to illustrate their components and uses.

1. WORKSHOP 1 ASSIGNMENT
MEASURING TOOLS
MEMBERS : MUHAMMAD FARIS SYAMIM BIN AMIR-UL MAHADI (56103315028)
MUHD ZULFAKIR BIN KOSI (56103315028)
AKMA HUSNA BINTI ABDUL AZIZ (56103315028)
GROUP : L01
LECTURER : MR BAKHTIAR ARIFF BIN SAHARUDIN

2. MEASURING TOOLS
• STEEL RULER
• L SQUARE
• VERNIER CALIPER
• SPIRIT LEVEL
• PROTRACTOR

3. STEEL RULER
• Steel ruler is used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is
embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting.
• 12 inches or 30 cm in length is useful for a ruler to be kept on a desk to help in drawing. Shorter rulers
are convenient for keeping in a pocket.
• Longer rulers, e.g., 18 inches (45 cm) are necessary in some cases.
• In geometry, a ruler without any marks on it (a straightedge) may be used only for drawing straight lines
between points. A straightedge is also used to help draw accurate graphs and tables.

4. TPYES OF STEEL RULER

5. L SQUARE
• L Square is aluminium ruler with precise 90 degree angle.
• Used to create perpendicular lines and to measure off parallel lines.
• It also use to measure if an object is exact 90 degree angle

6. TYPE OF L SQUARE

7. VERNIER CALIPERS
• The vernier calipers give a direct reading of the distance measured with high accuracy and
precision.
• The caliper comprise a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that
slides along the scale.
• The distance between the jaws is then read in different ways for the three types.
• The vernier scales may include metric measurements on the lower part of the scale and inch
measurements on the upper, or vice versa, in countries that use inches.
• Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm (10 micrometres),
or one thousandth of an inch. They are available in sizes that can measure up to 1,829 mm
(72 in).

8. • Parts of a vernier caliper:
1. Outside large jaws: used to measure external diameter or width of an object
2. Inside small jaws: used to measure internal diameter of an object
3. Depth probe: used to measure depths of an object or a hole
4. Main scale: scale marked every mm
5. Main scale: scale marked in inches and fractions
6. Vernier scale gives interpolated measurements to 0.1 mm or better
7. Vernier scale gives interpolated measurements in fractions of an inch
8. Retainer: used to block movable part to allow the easy transferring of a measurement

9. SPIRIT LEVEL
• A spirit level, bubble level or simply a level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a
surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb).
• Different types of spirit levels may be used by carpenters, stonemasons, bricklayers, other
building trades workers, surveyors, millwrights and other metalworkers, and in some
photographic or videographic work.
• Early spirit levels had very slightly curved glass vials with constant inner diameter at each
viewing point.
• These vials are incompletely filled with a liquid, usually a colored spirit or alcohol, leaving a
bubble in the tube.
• They have a slight upward curve, so that the bubble naturally rests in the centre, the highest
point. At slight inclinations the bubble travels away from the marked center position

10. • Where a spirit level must also be usable upside-down or on its side, the curved constant-
diameter tube is replaced by an uncurved barrel-shaped tube with a slightly larger diameter
in its middle.
• Alcohols such as ethanol are often used rather than water.
• Alcohols have low viscosity and surface tension, which allows the bubble to travel the tube
quickly and settle accurately with minimal interference with the glass surface.
• A colorant such as fluorescein, typically yellow or green, may be added to increase the
visibility of the bubble.
• An extension of the spirit level is the bull's eye level: a circular, flat-bottomed device with the
liquid under a slightly convex glass face with a circle at the center. It serves to level a surface
across a plane, while the tubular level only does so in the direction of the tube.

11. TYPE OF SPIRIT LEVEL

12. PROTRACTOR
• A protractor is a measuring instrument, typically made of transparent plastic or glass, for
measuring angles.
• used for measuring or marking off angles
• Universal bevel protractors are also used by toolmakers; as they measure angles by
mechanical contact they are classed as mechanical protractors.
• Most protractors measure angles in degrees (°). Radian-scale protractors measure angles in
radians. Most protractors are divided into 180 equal parts.
• They are used for a variety of mechanical and engineering-related applications.

13. VIDEO

14. THE END
THANKS FOR YOUR TIME