1. The document is a biology exam covering topics of human reproduction. It contains 25 multiple choice questions in Section 1 and diagrams to label with structures and processes of the male and female reproductive systems in Section 2. 2. Section 1 questions cover topics like the female reproductive cycle, hormones involved in reproduction, fertilization, contraception methods, and paired structures of the male and female systems. 3. Section 2 contains diagrams of the male and female reproductive systems to label internal and external structures, and a diagram of spermatogenesis to label the structures formed and their developmental processes.

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biology
SURNAME: _____________memo_____________________ STUDENT NR. __________
QUESTION 1 [25]
Choose the alternative that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Only encircle the correct letter.
1.1 An oocyte released from a human ovary enters the oviduct as a result of ____
A. the beating action of the flagellum on the oocyte.
B. the force of the follicular ejection directing the oocyte into the oviduct.
C. the wavelike beating of cilia lining the oviduct.
D. movement of the oocyte through the pulsing uterus into the oviduct.
1.2 The junction of the upper vagina and the uterus is called the __________
A. fallopian tube.
B. clitoris.
C. oviduct.
D. cervix.
1.3 In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation
become _________________________
A. ovarian endometrium shed at the time of menses.
B. a steroid-hormone synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum.
C. the thickened portion of the uterine wall.

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D. swept into the fallopian tube.
1.4 The male and female structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include ____
A. penis and clitoris.
B. vas deferens and oviduct.
C. estes and ovaries.
D. seminiferous tubules and hymen.
1.5 Testosterone is synthesized primarily by the
A. sperm cells.
B. hypothalamus.
C. Leydig cells.
D. anterior pituitary gland.
1.6 Sperm cells are stored within human males in the ________
A. urethra.
B. prostate.
C. epididymis.
D. seminal vesicles.
1.7 Among human males, both semen and urine normally travel along the _______
A. vas deferens.
B. urinary bladder.
C. seminal vesicle.
D. urethra.
1.8 Human sperm cells first arise in the _________

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A. prostate gland.
B. vas deferens.
C. seminiferous tubules.
D. epididymis.
1.9 The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely ________
A. cause sterility because sperm would not be produced.
B, cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body.
C. greatly reduce the volume of semen.
D. enhance the fertilization potency of sperm in the uterus.
1.10 Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that ______
A. they both have the same number of chromosomes.
B. they are approximately the same size.
C. they each have a flagellum that provides motility.
D. they are produced from puberty until death.
1.11 The breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues that occurs if no egg is
fertilized is called ____________________
A. menstruation.
B. lactation.
C. fertilization.
D. menopause.
1.12 In correct chronological order, the three phases of the ovarian cycle are
A. menstrual → ovulation → luteal
B. follicular → luteal → secretory

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C. menstrual → proliferative → secretory
D. follicular → ovulation → luteal
1.13 In correct chronological order, the three phases of the uterine cycle are
A. menstrual → ovulation → luteal
B. follicular → luteal → secretory
C. menstrual → proliferative → secretory
D. follicular → ovulation → luteal
1.14 This hormone is secreted directly from a structure in the brain: _______
A. testosterone
B. estradiol
C. progesterone
D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
1.15 Ovulation is the follicular response to a burst of secretion of _________
A. LH.
B. progesterone.
C. inhibin.
D. prolactin.
1.16 The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates hormone secretion by the anterior
pituitary gland is _________
A. LH.
B. FSH.
C. Inhibin.
D. GnRH.

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1.17 The hormone progesterone is produced________________
A. in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary.
B. in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary.
C. in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus.
D. in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus.
1.18 For normal human fertilization to occur, ____________________
A. many ova must be released.
B. the uterus must be enlarged.
C. only one sperm need penetrate one egg.
D. secretion of pituitary FSH and LH must decrease.
1.19 Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the
A. ovary.
B. uterus.
C. vagina.
D. oviduct.
1.20 The secretion of follicle stimulating hormone from the pituitary is reduced by _____
A. inhibin.
B. luteinizing hormone.
C. oxytocin.
D. prolactin.
1.21 A woman in the final week of pregnancy who is given an injection of oxytocin would
likely _______
A. undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells.

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B. stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta.
C. undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles.
D. increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone.
1.22 Among these contraception methods, which has the highest risk of accidental
pregnancy?
A. diaphragm
B. condom
C. coitus interruptus
D. vasectomy
1.23 Tubal ligation ___________
A. reduces the incidence of ovulation.
B. prevents fertilization by preventing sperm from entering the uterus.
C. prevents implantation of an embryo.
D. prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.
1.24 Human fertility drugs increase the chance of multiple births, probably because
they___
A. enhance implantation.
B. stimulate follicle development.
C. mimic progesterone.
D. stimulate spermatogenesis.
1.25 Which of the following is not properly paired?
A. seminiferous tubulecervix
B. Sertoli cellsfollicle cells

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C. testosteroneestradiol
D. labia majorascrotum
.QUESTION 2 [40]
2.1 Label the diagram below. (16)

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2.2 Name the four parts of the vulva. (4)
o labia majora,
o labia minora,
o hymen, and
o clitoris
2.3 Name the parts through which sperm will move during ejaculation. (3)
o vas deferens and the
o ejaculatory duct, and then exit the penis through the
o urethra.
2.4 Name the three (3) accessory glands of the male reproductive system. (3)
o Seminal vesicle
o Prostate gland
o bulbourethral glands
2.5 Fill in the names of the different structures (1-6) formed during spermatogenesis in
the diagram below, and fill in the names of the processes( A-F) that for these
structures. (12)

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2.5 Distinguish between identical and distinct twins. (2)

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Splitting of the embryo during the first month of development results in
genetically identical twins
Release and fertilization of two eggs results in fraternal and genetically
distinct twins.
QUESTION 3 (10)
Give the correct biological term for each of the following statements or definitions.
3.1 The process of the release of an egg cell from the follicle.Ovulation
3.2 The uterus lining. Endometrium
3.3 Glands consisting of small sacs of epithelial tissue which secrete milk.Mammary
glands
3.4 Organ producing gametes and hormones. Gonads
3.5 The production of gametes by meiosis. Gametogenesis
3.6 A ball of cells with a cavity formed by cleavage in human reproduction. Blastocyst
3.7 The hormone released by the embryowhich prevents menstruation.human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG),
3.8 An invasive techniques in which amniotic fluid are obtained for genetic
analysis.Amniocentesis
3.9 A contraceptive devise inserted into the vagina before intercourse.Diaphragm
3.10 Hormone which promotes uterine contraction. Oxytocin