Working capital finance refers to the capital used for a business's day-to-day operations and is calculated as the difference between a business's assets and liabilities. The document discusses various types of working capital financing like overdraft facilities, short-term loans, and accounts receivable loans. It also notes that managing working capital is important for maintaining business progress and keeping the business competitive, as it involves tracking cash, inventory, debtors, and short-term financing over the short-term.