This PPT covered all the topics of the chapter women caste and reform of class 8 social history textbook. Thank you

1. Women caste and reform
DONE BY AYAAN MATEEN
CLASS 8E
ROLL NUMBER 14

2. IN EARLIER DAYS, SATI (A VIRTIOUS WOMEN) WAS A
CUSTOM WHERE A WIDOW HAS TO IMMOLATE HERSELF
ON HER HUSBAND’S PYRE,OR COMMITTED SUICIDE IN
ANOTHER FASHION
SATI SYSTEM
WILLINGLY OR AGAINST HER WISH

3. CHILD MARRIAGE
An early age marriage where the boy and the girls are innocent and does not
Understand the meaning of marriage system. As per Indian judiciary system,
age of a girl under 18 years or of the boy under 21 years is considered as
child marriage.
In child marriage,both boy and the girl are not
developed mentally and physically. Thus
resulting in to mental stress /medical
complications.

4. The attitude towards women and social customs started changing from the early
nineteenth century
The changes took place due to various reasons :-
Awareness was created among women and the socciety in general as people started
reading more and more books,newspapers ,magazines,leaflets and pamphlets as they were
much cheaper by then and there were debates and discussions about social customs and
practices which also helped in creating awareness among people,these debates were often
initiated by indian reformers and reform groups.
One such reformer was raja rammohun roy(1772-1833),he was founder of association as
the bramho sabha (later known as the bramho samaj ) in calcutta.he was particularly
moved by the problems widows faced in their lives.He began a campaign against the
practice of sati. British officials had also begun to critisise indian customs.
Therfore sati was banned in 1829.
Working towards change

5. ISHWARCHANDRA VIDHYA SAGAR(1820-1891):- he is one of
the most famous reformers,he used the ancient texts to suggest
that widows could remarry.his suggestion was adopted by british
officials, and a law was passed in 1856 permitting widow
remarriage.
SOME OF THE INDIAN REFORMERS
SWAMI DAYANAND SARASWATI(1824-1883):-he is the one
who founded the reform association called arya samaj in 1875,an
organization that attempted to reform hinduism in the
north,also supported widow remarriage.

6. In this popular festival,devotees underwent a peculiar form of suffering as
part of ritual worship.With hooks pierced through their skin they swung
themselves on a wheel. In the early 19th century,when the European
officials began criticising Indian customs and rituals as barbaric,this was
one of the rituals that came under attack.
HOOK SWINGING FESTIVAL

7. MANY OF THE REFORMERS FELT THAT EDUCATION FOR GIRLS WAS
NECESSARY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE CONDITION OF WOMEN.
GIRLS BEGIN GOING TO SCHOOL
• Vidhya sagar set up schools for girls in Calcutta and many other reformers in Bombay.
PROBLEMS FACED BY GIRLS TO GO TO SCHOOL
When schools for girls opened in the mid 19th century many people were afraid of them.
They feared that schools would take girls away from home, prevent them from doing domestic
duties.Therefore most of the educated women were taught at home by liberal fathers or husbands.

8. WOMEN WRITE ABOUT WOMEN
From the early 20th century,muslim women played a notable role in promoting education among women .
primary schools for girls was started at aligarh begum rokeya sakhawat hussain started school for
muslim in patna and calcutta.
• In the 1880’s indian wome started going to uiversities for higher education .They became doctors
ad teachers .
• Many women began to write about the place of women in soceity.

9. SOME WOMEN REFORMERS
PANDITA RAMA BAI (1858-1922):-Pandita rama bai was an indian
christian who tried to change many things in india.A poet and a scholr,she
tried hard to improve the lives of women in india.She wrote many books
including her popular “the high caste indian woman”,which showed the
troubles of child wives and women in india
TARA BAI SHINDE(1850-1910):-She was a feminist activist who protested patriarchy
ad caste in 19th century india.She was a women educated at home at poona she is known
for her published work,stripurushtulana.(“A comparision between wome and me”) ,
originally published in marathi in 1882,criticising the social difference between men and
women.

10.  Apart from demanding equal right for women and social reformers also fouht against the
caste system that was prevalent in india during the early 20th century.
 The Prarthana samaj adhered to the tradition of bhakthi that believed in spiritual
equality of all castes.
 Paramhas mandali was founded in 1840 in bombay, to work for the abolition off castes.
 Many of these reformers were people of upper castes.
 During the course of the 19th century, Christian missionaries became active. They set up
schools for tribal groups and lower-caste children.
 But at the same time, the people from low caste, in order to get rid of the exploitation
from upper-caste, began to migrate to cities where there was new demand for labour.
CASTE AND SOCIAL REFORM
PARAMHAS MANDALI

11. DEMANDS FOR EQUALITY AND JUSTICE
During the second half of the 19th century,people from within the lower castes began organising
movements against caste discrimination and demanded social equality and justice.
Ghasidas founded the Satnami movement in central india.He belonged
to the lower caste and worked among the leather works and organised
a movement to improve their social status.
Haridas Thakur worked among the low caste chandala cultivators in
eastern Bengal. He questioned the Brahmanical texts that supported
the caste system.
HARIDAS THAKUR
GHASIDAS

12. GULAMGIRI
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule,born in 1827 was one of the most vocal amongst the low
caste leaders. He studied in Christian missionary school. He attacked the
Brahmins to claim supiority. He urged that the Aryans were foreigners who
subjugated the true children of the country. he found the Satyashodhak samaj
to promote caste equality. He wrote a book named gulamgiri;in 1873. He
dedicated his book to all those americans who had fought against slavery.

13. Ambedkar was born into a Mahar family. As a child he experienced what caste prejudice
meant in everyday life . In school he was forced to sit outside the classroom,and was not
allowed to drink water from taps that upper caste children used.
In 1927,Ambedkar started a temple entry movement,in which his Mahar caste followers
participated.Brahman priests were outraged when Dalis used water from the temple tank.
Ambedkar led three such movements for temple entry between 1927 and 1935. His aim
was to make everyone see the power of caste prejudices within society.
WHO COULD ENTER TEMPLES?

14. The non-Brahman movement started in the rarely 20th century. It was started by the non Brahman
castes who were educated,wealthy and influencial. The movement was directed against the authoriy
of the Brahmins and the injustices of the caste system.
THE NON BRAHMAN MOVEMENT
E.V Ramaswamy Naicker(1879-1973):-He was also called Periyar .He
came from a middle class family.He had been an asthetic in his early
life and had studied Sanskrit scriptures carefully. Later he became a
member of congress.He soon left the congress as he felt that the
party discriminated among castes. The lower castes were made to sit
at a distant from the upper castes.