Social Reforms Movements in India

1. SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENT

2. • Social reform movement is a kind of reform
which aims to make a gradual change in
certain aspects of society.
• Intention is to uprooting social evils and
general good of the society.

3. SATHI SYSTEM
• Sathi means pure and virtuous women.
• Devote wife who burnt herself with dead
body of her husband.
• Rulers like Akbar, Peshwas had imposed
restriction on its performance.

4. • Before British East India Company followed
policy of non interference.
• Governor Generals like Cornawalis,Minto,
Lord Hasting discouraged Sathi system.
• Banned pregnant women, below 16 for sathi –
no compulsionwas made.

5. Rajaram Mohan Roy
(22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833)

6. • Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born on May 22,
1772 in village Radhanagar in the District of
Hooghly in Bengal.
• His father Ramkanth Roy, was a Vaishnavite,
while his mother, Tarini, was from a Shakta
background.

7. • Raja Ram Mohun Roy was sent to Patna for
higher studies. By the age of fifteen, Raja
Rammohan Roy had learnt Bangla, Persian,
Arabic and Sanskrit.
• RAJA RAM MOHAN ROY Popularly known as
the “Maker of Modern India”.

8. • Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational
reformer, was an idealist who contributed
immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent
in the society during the 18th century.
• He made every possible effort to make his
motherland a better place for the future
generations to come.

9. • A modernist by virtue, he undertooka lot of
social reforms to change the society and
worked for the upliftment of the status of
women in India.

10. SOCIAL REFORMS
• ATMIYA SABHA was started In 1814, tried to
initiate social and religious reforms in the
society.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy campaigned for rights
for women, including the right for widows to
remarry, and the right for women to hold
property.
• He actively opposed Sati system and the
practice of polygamy.

11. • Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the 'Brahma
Samaj'. Through 'Brahma Samaj, he wanted to
expose the religious hypocrisies and check the
growing influence of Christianity on the Hindu
society.

12. • Thus, many evil practices like caste system,
Sati, Child marriage. Polygamy etc. were the
targets of the Brahma Samaj.
• Thus for the creation of a healthy society,
Brahma Samaj was determined. This definitely
created a mile stone in the cultural heritage of
India.

13. ABOLITION OF SATI
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy raised his voice against the
Sati system.
• Even he went to England to give witness before
the Privy Council against this cruel practice where
the orthodox Indians had appealed not to repeal
his system.
• This practice was stopped by an Act passed in
1829 during Lord William Bentinck. Thus, a long
prevailing ugly practice of the Hindus was
uprooted.

14. • Voice against idolatry: Ram Mohan raised his
voice against idolatry.
• In his book ‘Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin’ he
championed the cause of Monotheism. He
criticized idol-worship by the Hindus. He rejected
polytheism, idol-worship and rituals of different
religions.
• He advocated monotheism or unity among gods.
He also advised people to be guided by the
conscience. He inspir

15. • He advocated the liberty of Women. Besides
abolishing Sati, he advocated in favor of widow
remarriage.
• He also told that like the sons, daughters have
also their right over parental property.
• He also influenced the British government to
bring necessary modification in the existing law.
• He raised voice against child-marriage and
polygamy. He was the advocate of women
education.

16. • Ram Mohan opposed caste system of the
Indian society. To him everybody was a son or
daughter of the God.
• So, there is no difference among men.By
advocating this equality among men
• . Ram Mohan became the eyesore of many
higher caste Indians.

17. • Advocate of Western Education: Mohan Roy
realized the importance of English language.
• He could visualize the need of a scientific,
rational and progressive education.
• He supported the move of Lord Macaulay and
championed the cause of the English system of
education in India.
• His motto was to take Indians the path of
progress. He established English school in 1816
and Vedanta College in 1825.

18. • Raja Ram Mohan Roy believed in the political
freedom of man.
• He advised Indians to have self-freedom in
thought and action.

19. • He wanted the state intervention to protect
the property of the individual.
• He advocated that the peasants should be
protected by the government from the
tyranny of the landlords.
• He wanted the British authority to intervene
in the affairs of the Zamindars to protect the
peasants.

21. Savithri bai Phule
• Savitribai was born on 3rd January,1831,in
Naigaon of Satara district in Maharashtra.
• Savitribai Phule was the youngest daughter of
Lakshmi and Khandoji Patil, both of whom
belonged to the Mali Community.
• She had three siblings.
• She got married to Jyotirao Phule at the age of
nine .

22. • On January 14th,1848, Jyotirao started a
school for girls and Savitribai started teaching
in this school and hence, she became the first
woman teacher of India.
• Her first collection of poems-KAVYA PHULE-
was published in 1854 stressing the necessity
of English and Education.

23. • Savitribai and Jyotirao had no children of
their own.
• It is said that they adopted Yashawant Rao, a
son born to a Brahmin widow.

24. • Savitribai was illiterate at the time of her
marriage.
• Jyotirao educated Savitribai

25. • After realising the Caste discrimination
prevailing among women, she started
organising meetings and Til-Gur festivals. – In
these meetings and festivals women of all
caste could participate.

26. • Mahila Mandal was formed in Pune in 1852
by her .
• This Mahila Mandal started working for the
empowerment and liberty of the women

27. Major works
• Upliftment of scheduled caste
• Resettlement of poor people
• Educationof women
• Educationof slum children

28. • Writings of Savitribai Phule
• Savitribai Phule’s poems and other writings
continue to be an inspiration for struggle
against India’s caste system & inequality.
• Kavyaphule- Collection of poems, 1854
• Bavankashi Subodh Ratnakar, 1892

29. • On 1st January 1848, she started the first
school for girls in Bhide Wada.
• Savitribai provided slates and pencils to the
girls.
• Formation Night School: In 1855, a night
school for agriculturists and labourers was
started by the Phule couple.

30. • They introduced the RTE and Mid-day Meal Schemes in 1850.
• Role of Women Empowerment in Society: started schools for
children from the Mang and Mahar castes.
• Three Phule schools were in operation in 1852.This year she also
started the Mahila Seva Mandal to create awareness among women
regarding their rights.
• In 1863, also started a care center called ‘Balhatya Pratibandhak
Griha,’ possibly the first-ever infanticide prohibition home founded
in India.
• It was set up so that pregnant Brahmin widows and rape victims can
deliver their children in a safe and secure place thus preventing the
killing of widows as well as reducing the rate of infanticide.
Savitribai worked tirelessly against social evils like child marriage.

31. • The first indigenously-runschool for girls in
Pune (at that time Poona) was started by
Jyotirao and Savitribai in 1848.
• Savitribai became the first teacher of the
school.

32. • She opened an ashram for widowsand
orphans.
• She organised a boycott by barbers against the
tradition of head tonsuring of widows.

33. • On September 24, 1873, they set up Satya Shodhaka
Samaja, a platform which was open to all, irrespective
of their caste, religion or class
• As an extension, they started, ‘Satya Shodhaka
Marriage’ where the marrying couple has to take a
pledge to promote education and equality.
• Likewise, widow re-marriage was also encouraged.
• Simple ceremonies without priests solemnising the
wedding were conducted.
• Awareness programmes against dowry were also
organised.

34. REMEDIAL SOCIAL WORK
• Focuses on individual dysfunctionand utilises
group as a context and means for altering
deviant behaviour
• Approach of group work practice.

35. • Its utility is removing the adverse conditions
of individual whose behaviour is disapproved
in society.
• Vinter and his colleagues developed this
model.
• Michigan school contributed to this model.

36. • It was mainly practiced for mentally ill, legal
offenders ,emotionally disturbed and isolated
persons.

37. AIMS
• Restoration and rehabilitation
• To increase social functioning
• To help socially maladaptedto improve social
functioning through guided group experience.

38. • This model focuses mainly on individual client
who is experiencing difficulty.
• It also focus on prevention

39. • Social worker plays a key role through
following activities where he acts as a
motivator , spokesman, helping to understand
goals.

40. DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED SOCIAL
WORK
• Developed by Berustein in 1965 in Boston
University.
• Lowy was the architect of this model.
• In this model , groups are seen as having a
degree of independence and autonomy.

41. Objectives
• Based on dynamics of intimacy and closeness
between members over a span of time.
• Degree of intimacy is taken into account for
worker intervention.

42. • Study, diagnosis and treatment
• This model derives knowledge from
psychology, group dynamics and conflict
theory.
• Thought, feelings, sentiments and behaviour
are continuously assessed and attempts are
made to improve them.

43. • Tries to improve situations among member,
group and social environment.

44. SOCIAL ACTIVISM
• It is an intentional action with the goal of
bringing social change.
• Social service addresses the needs of the
individual.
• Social action which looks into root causes and
tries to find ways to eliminate it.

45. • Social activist works to uncover causes of
disease.

46. It could be practiced with ,
• Law and public policy.
• Social work- counselling, research,
developmental projects
• Domestic and international level to bring
changes.

47. • Protect environment.
• Community organising- develop local
community leadership, forming groups,
improve conditionsof communities.

48. HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVES
• Empowering people to know their rights and
increase ability and accountability of
individualsand institutions who are
responsible for respecting, protecting and
fulfilling rights.

49. • Give people greater opportunity to participate
in shaping the decisions that impact on their
human rights.
• Respect those rights.
• HRP ensures that human rights are integrated
into policy making.

50. Principles
Participation
Accountability
Non discriminationand equality
Empowerment
Legality