WOCAT GLUES QT and QA - Leipzig Jan.2015

Kick-off workshop GLUES-WOCAT
27-29 January 2015
WOCAT METHODS AND TOOLS 1
For knowledge sharing and decision support;
Book and videos
Hanspeter Liniger and Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Centre for Development and Environment, CDE, University of Bern

Table of Content
1.The WOCAT network: who?
2.Aim of WOCAT: for what?
3.The WOCAT products and tools:
what and how?

WOCAT stands for:
WORLD
OVERVIEW OF
CONSERVATION
TECHNOLOGIES
APPROACHES AND
«learn from those who have done it»

WOCAT Network
WOCAT was founded in 1992 as an informal global network of soil and water
conservation (SWC) specialists and was one of the first programmes to
promote SWC/SLM in response to land degradation.
4
DESIRE
LADA
Today:  over 60 partner institutions worldwide (e.g. Ministries, Universities, International and
UN organisations, NGOs)
 formalized network
 WOCAT primary recommended database for UNCCD reporting on SLM best
practices

WOCAT formalized Network
 reorganization 2014
 institutional anchoring
 open consortium
August 2014:
9 Consortium Partners signed
WOCAT International
Framework Agreement

Aim: Spread/ dissemination of SLM
• Promotion, awarness raising, networking and
sharing
• Mainstreaming within institutions (up-scaling)
• Knowledge management and evidence for
informed decision making
• Out-scaling and replication of good practices
7
To improve human well-being, secure ESS, and
protect the environment

Promotion, awareness raising,
networking and sharing
• Conferences, meetings, workshops, round
tables, CoPs, etc.
• WOCAT symposia and workshops
• Promotion material: brochures, flyers, posters,
etc.
• Videos (view at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-
base/slm-videos/general-slm-videos/category/thematic-
video.html)
• Publications and peer reviewed papers
(knowledge products)
• WOCAT global databases for Ts, As, mapping
• In google earth
• Video book: tablet prototype 8

Awareness: On-site impacts & consequences

… dust storm Beijing
… river dolphin (BD)
… floods and droughts
… poverty, food security, conflicts, …
we are all affected!!!
Awareness raising:
on- and off-site benefits of SLM
Photos: H.P. Liniger
Source: WWF
10
The Flood
Saving cow…

11
Recognize SLM as key to…
• Food and Water Security
Food Security Biodiversity
Desertificatio
n
Climate Change
Water Scarcity
• DRR (floods and droughts)  Adaptation to CC/extremes
• all 3 UN Conventions:
Desertification, Climate Change and Biodiversity

Products
Books: online in different languages
Global / Regional: 4 National: 11
Peer reviewed papers e.g.:
Schwilch G. et al. 2011. Experiences in Monitoring and Assessment of
Sustainable Land Management. Land Degradation & Development 22: 214-225.
Integration of methods and scales:
> global, unified approach to the assessment and monitoring of SLM
> help the UNCCD and other UN environmental conventions to monitor progress
View at: https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/documentation-analysis.html;
http://issuu.com/wocat

Mainstreaming SLM within institutions
(up-scaling)
E.g. ministries, NARS, Universities, etc.
•Using common knowledge management
methods and tools for informed decision making
•Capacity building and training
•Fostering alliances and partnerships
•Link implementation, research and education
•‘Tailor made knowledge’: e.g. policy briefs
•Policies, bylaws, national and regional action
plans and strategies, investment frameworks,
14

At national level:
national soil strategy (South Africa)
national action plans (Philippines)
IWSM Policy Brief No. 1
Integrated watershed management in
Tajikistan
Reaching policy level
At international level:
e.g. through UNCCD, CBD, UNFCCC
CST contribution (proofing impacts/benefits)
Video and public presentations
through FAO, IFAD, WB/TerrAfrica

Impacts on Human Wellbeing
& Ecosystem Services
- qualitative/quantitative
- on- / offsite
Water, productivity, carbon,
biodiversity, costs/benefits …
Assessing
State, Response
Degradation
Conservation
Driver,
Pressure
e.g. Climate
Change
Photos: H.P. Liniger
In research, education and training
Results:
more data,
development of
methods,
capacity building, …

Knowledge management
Standardized tools for documentation, impact assessment,
evaluation and sharing of experiences
17
Questionnaires on SLM
technologies, approaches,
mapping Instructional videos:
messages from land
users
Database & query:
500 Ts and 250 As from 50 countries
LD and SLM maps from 20 countries

Photo: H.P. Liniger
1 Approach: government Afforestation for Yellow River basin,
supported by World Bank (PRC-GEF), …
What to implement?  Decision Support
4 Technologies4 Technologies
11
22
33
44
Where? Costs? Impacts? Food security?
Combatting desertification, reducing floods/ DRR?
Adapted to climate change?

• Part I – Identification:
Problems and possible solutions
Stakeholder Workshop: land users, technicians, local
politicians, …
• Part II – Assessment:
Document and evaluate existing solutions
(WOCAT database)
• Part III – Selection:
Select the most promising SLM
technologies and approaches
 Approach: Involvement of all stakeholders
Decision support method

Key: Case study documentation:
Questionnaires and Database
•comprises a SLM Approach and one or
more SLM Technologies,
•can cover any area from as little as one
farmer’s field to entire catchments or
districts.
20
Knowledge-base for decision support

Questionnaires on SLM
technologies, approaches, map
Documenting information from
and with land users
Documenting SLM knowledge at field level
Entering data in questionnaire
Entering data in database
Computer data entry form

Standardized documentation of experiences
Approaches
Technologies

23
What?
How?
Where?
Costs?
Benefits?
Impacts?
Technology: standardized 4 page summary

28
Key question: vulnerability / resilience to climate variability and
extreme events?
 WOCAT climate change module

31
SLM Technology
Definition:
‘agronomic,
vegetative, structural
and/or management
measures that
prevent and control
land degradation
and enhance
productivity in the
field’

Compost production, and its application in planting pits (zai) by farmers
on fields near their homes.
Compost is produced in shallow pits, approximately 20 cm deep and 1.5 m by 3 m wide. During
November and December layers of chopped crop residues, animal dung and ash are heaped, as they
become available, up to 1.5 m high and watered.
QT p. 4

2.2.2.1 On which current land use type is the Technology applied?
Land use type(s) - subcategory(ies): agro-pastoral (usually one type, maximum two)
If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use
type before and after:
Original land use (before implementation of SLM
Technology): .......................................................................................................................................
.
Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology) (if relevant):
........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
2.2 Purpose and classification
QT p. 7

35
C: Cropland: land used for cultivation of crops,
including fallow (field crops, orchards):
• Ca: annual cropping
• Cp: perennial non-woody cropping
• Ct: perennial tree and shrub cropping
Land use types
G: Grazing land: land used for animal production:
• Ge: extensive grazing land
• Gi: intensive grazing land
F: Forests / woodlands: land used mainly for wood
production, other forest products, recreation, protection:
• Fn: natural
• Fp: plantations, afforestation
• Fo: other (e.g. selective cutting of natural forests and
incorporating planted species).

36
Land use types cont’d:
M: Mixed: mixture of land use types within the same
land unit:
• Mf: agroforestry (cropland and forest)
• Mp: agropastoralism (cropland and grazing land)
• Ma: agrosilvopastoralism (cropland, grazing land and
forest)
• Ms: silvopastoralism (forest and grazing land)
• Mo: other
O: Other land:
• Oi: mines and extractive industries,
• Os: settlements, roads, infrastructure network,
• Oo: others (wastelands, deserts, glaciers).

37
Ranking categories
2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d
A SLM Technology consists of one or more SLM measures
belonging to the following categories:
QT p. 8
1
2
1

38
Conservation / SLM measures
Liniger & Critchley /WOCAT2007+ Combinations

39
2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d
Ha: aridification 1
Pc: compaction 1
Wt: loss of topsoil 2
Cn: fertility decline and reduced OM 1
QT p. 9

40
• W: Soil erosion by
water
Land Degradation types
Source: WOCAT 2007
• E: Soil erosion by wind
• C: Chemical soil deterioration
• P: Physical soil deterioration
• B: Biological degradation
• H: Water degradation

2.7 Natural environment
• Average annual rainfall
• Agro-climatic zone
• Growing seasons per year
• Altitude
• Landforms
• Slopes
• Soil information - depth, texture, etc.
• Water information – availability, quality, etc.
• Biodiversity
QT p. 30-34

42
2.7.5 Adaptation to climate variability
QT p. 31

2.8 Human environment and land use
• Land users applying technology
• Population density
• Land ownership / Land use and water use
rights
• Significance of off-farm income
• Access to services and infrastructure
• Market orientation
• Cropping system, size, etc. of production
systems (e.g. cropland, grazing land)
QT p. 35-41

44
PART 3: Analysis
3.1 Impacts
QT p. 42

46
QT p. 50
Possibility of doubling cereal yields in
normal years: any surplus production can
be sold
Produce enough good
compost/manure.
Ensures yields in dry years, giving security
against drought and hunger
The modest quantity of compost applied is
not enough to replace the nutrients
extracted by the crops in the long term
Small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous
fertiliser need to be added and crop rotation
practiced.

48
What?
How?
Decision making?
Approach: standardized 4 page summary
Incentives?
Benefits?
Impacts?

… participation and decision making
… incentives, credits, training, tenure, …

… organisation and support …

54
A ‘SLM Approach’ - as defined by WOCAT:
A SLM Approach defines the ways and means
used to promote and implement a SLM
Technology and to support it in achieving more
sustainable soil and water use…
… including official projects/ programmes,
indigenous systems, or changes in a farmland use
system towards more sustainable land and water
use.
SLM Approach

55
PART 1: General Information
• Contributing SLM specialist(s) (1.1)
• Identification of SLM approach (1.2)
• Area Information (1.3)
1.2.4 Did the Approach concentrate / focus:
- on conservation only
- mainly on conservation with other activities
- mainly on other activities
Give keywords for the other
activities: .........................................................................
................
QA p. 1

56
Description, objectives and operation (2.1)
• Organogram/ organization chart/ flow chart (2.1.2)
PART 2: Specification
QA p. 4

57
2.1.5 Decision making
x
QA p. 8

58
Questions on gender / disadvantaged groups
x
Differences in participation between men and women: There were great differences – in the beginning at
least – when AFZ merely asked the men to ‘allow’ their wives to learn about composting. After two years, men
started to participate in the training and eventually as many of them as women began to make and use
compost. Another difference was in discussions, when men tended to dominate.
QA p. 11

How to register for WOCAT
view at
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/
WOCAT_registration_process_en.pdf
WOCAT website and databases

61
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/HowtoAccess_WOCAT_Database_en.pdf
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Mixed/HowtoNavigate_WOCAT_Database.pdf
How to access and navigate the database?

62
Database: search and edit
View at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-
base/technologiesapproaches/database.html

63
Videos: audio-visual messages
Overall objective
enhance existing WOCAT knowledge with video and new media for
knowledge sharing in SLM
Specific objectives
give voice to land users
audio-visualize local and scientific SLM knowledge (informative and authentic)
share SLM knowledge between land users, planners and global community
highlight dependency of land users within watersheds
show land users' adaptations to changing environment
link local improvements with global concerns

General SLM documentary videos cover a certain
topic in the field of SLM and can be used for
•national TV broadcast and national SLM documentaries
•conferences, events, trainings, etc.
•eco-docs
Instructional videos serve as audiovisual guide for the
implementation of SLM Technologies and Approaches
Short video clips on SLM Technologies and
Approaches comprising short statements by land users
regarding particular aspects of a SLM Technology or
Approach.
64
video sharing platform
link to the water channel
link to access agriculture
(https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html)
Videos: audio-visual messages contn’d
The Flood Saving cow…

SLM documentaries
Audio-visual messages from experiences to broad public and
policy level
Aim
•raise awareness (we are all affected)
•support advocacy efforts for SLM
•broad dissemination and sharing of SLM knowledge
•link local to global levels

Documentaries:
Filming procedure in 6 steps:
• Step 1: develop key messages and specifiy
target group
• Step 2: develop storybord
• Step 3: narrative: gather all necessary
information as spoken words.
• Step 4: visualization: capture images to visualize
the narration, should be self-explanatory as
much as possible.
• Step 5: additional information/conclusion
• Step 6: B-roll footage: visual impressions, sound
tracks, …
66

67
SLM instructional video
https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-
base/slm-videos.html
Aim
•show the implementation of a in WOCAT documented SLM
practice from A to Z in +/- 10 minutes
•for possible replication by other land users
•… taking into consideration that local adaptations are needed
Audio-visual messages from land user to land user

SLM Instructional Video contn’d
Background Research and User Manual 2014
developed by WOCAT for IFAD; authors: Nicole Harari,
Hanspeter Liniger and Roman Droux
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/videos/Instructional_Videos_Us
er_Manual.pdf

Instructional videos: in practice
Selection of SLM practices
Farm (-er) appraisal
Video structure, storyboard and interview
(+/- 10 minutes):
1) a short introduction: introduction of the land
user, contextualization and problem statement,
2) a main part: demonstration and explanations,
and
3) a short conclusion and closure.
https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html

Storyboard
70
Draft Storyboard - SLM Technology
Scene
No.
Timeline Narrative Visualization
1_intro: contextualization and problem statement
1_1 00:00- 01:00 introduction of protagonist
location
natural environment and regional context
protagonist in his/her farm
wide angle shot of the area/farm and
environment
option: aerial images
1_2 challenges and difficulties faced land use problems overview and
details
2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology
2_1 01:00-07:00 reason(s) for technology adoption
source of idea/information
transformation achieved
land and water degradation
addressed (on- and off-site)
comparison plot with/without
technology
2_2 steps for implementation
The single work steps have to be clearly
divided in order to guarantee a thorough
understanding of the steps to be undertaken!
functionality and direct benefits
source of material
time and labour requested
costs
pitfalls
challenges and adaptations
step by step construction of
technology (close ups of material,
tools, steps of operation etc.)
2_3 Resilience -adaptation to climate variability
and change
pests
adaptation to extreme events, benefits for
disaster risk reduction
comparison with/without technology
demonstration of location where
technology prevented disaster
3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future
3_1 07:00-10:00 benefits achieved
local and regional impacts (up- and
downstream)
improvements/changes on the land,
harvest
3_2 present and future benefits for the livelihood farm, family, harvest
Draft Storyboard - SLM Approach
Scene
No.
Timeline Narrative Visualization
1_1 00:00- 01:00 introduction of protagonist
introduction of approach
source of idea/information
location
natural environment and regional context
protagonist / involved stakeholders in
relevant environment (group meeting,
school etc.)
wide angle shot of the area
option: aerial images
1_2 reasons for implementation of approach
challenges and difficulties faced
land use problems addressed
2_ main explanations: functionality of approach
2_1 01:00-07:00 organizational set-up
involved stakeholders
strategies
costs
funding
challenges
Relevant locations e.g. office, training
centre, group meeting etc.
2_2 benefits comparison with/without approach
3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future
3_1 07:00-10:00 regional impacts (up- and downstream) area and environment, farms, land
users
3_2 benefits for the livelihood
future impacts
farms, families, harvest
serves as a guide for the whole team and includes all essential
details of the shooting process

Interview questions for guidance
71
Template Interview Questions - SLM Technology
1_1 introduction protagonist and
area
What is your name?
Where are we?
What is the natural environment here?
1_2 degradation problems What are the problems of land and water degradation you face in your farm,
the village and in the region?
What are the causes?
2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology
2_1 SLM technology and
transformation
How do you call the technology you adopted here?
Why did you adopt it?
From where did you get the idea?
Did you get any training on how to implement it? Did anybody help you?
What are the objectives of the technology?
What is the difference between a plot, where the technology was applied
and one, where it wasn’t?
2_2 steps for implementation What are the single steps you undertake to implement the technology?
functionality Once the technology is fully established, how does it function?
benefits What are the direct benefits on your land? How has the vegetation, the soil
or the water quality and availability changed?
costs What are the total costs of implementation?
What are the costs for the material and those for labour?
Where are savings possible (e.g. by using cheaper material)?
Who paid for it?
pitfalls, challenges and
adaptations
What are some of the potential pitfalls and challenges?
What are your suggestions to avoid or address them?
What are possible adaptations in other areas/contexts?
2_3 resilience Does the technology help you to deal with variable rainfall, water stress,
hotter or colder years and pest infestations?
If yes, what are the benefits of the technology for your land and livelihood
during these events?
disasters How does the SLM practice function during unexpected weather events
(prolonged dry periods/droughts /heavy storms)?
What are the benefits of the SLM practice for your land and livelihood
during these events?
3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future
3_1 benefits and impacts What are the costs caused by land degradation? And what are the benefits
of the technology?
What are the benefits for your family and your family’s life?
Which is the impact of the technology on your neighbours, neighbouring
fields and villages?
Which are the benefits for them if you apply the practice?
3_2 future What are the benefits of the introduction of the practice for your livelihood?
What are the benefits for the future?
Template Interview Questions - SLM Approach
1_1 introduction protagonist and
approach
What is your name?
Where are we?
What is the name of the approach?
When and how was it established?
1_2 degradation problems What is the purpose of the approach? Why was it implemented? What are
the degradation problems in this area?
2_ main explanations: functionality of approach
functionality How does the approach function?
Who is involved and how?
What are the costs?
Who pays for it?
What are the challenges?
What are the direct benefits of the approach?
3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future
3_1 regional impacts Which is the impact of the approach on neighbours, neighbouring villages
and communities? (spreading of the approach)
3_2 future What is the impact on the livelihoods of the involved stakeholders?
What is the impact in the future? Future plans?

Filming procedure in 4 steps
• Step 1: narrative, the focus is on the explanation,
the way of explaining, the use of simple wording
and short sentences. All necessary information is
gathered as spoken words.
• Step 2: visualization, the focus is on capturing all
necessary visual details for a successful
replication. Images should visualize the narration
and be self-explanatory as much as possible.
• Step 3: additional information/conclusion
• Step 4: B-roll footage
72

Key issues for each RPs?
• Why another book? Why videos?  what do I get out?
• Contribution to selected global issues: CC Mitigation
(Carbon, GHG); CC Adaptation (DRR, Water, Food security,
Biodiversity); Land use / cover change
• Selection of SLM Technologies and Approaches to be
documented contributing to selected global issues?
• Proofing (with facts figures, models, …) watershed and
landscape impacts (from on-site to offsite)? Comparing
different land management practices
• Showing synergies and trade-offs (multi-functionality)
• Role of research: e.g. value of modelling for decision support
• Aim: joint and useful product for outreach! (define Target
group)

WOCAT GLUES QT and QA - Leipzig Jan.2015

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Editor's Notes