Victory Day on 8 or 9 May should be celebrated throughout the world as one of the great events of human history because it meant the crushing of the Nazi-fascist "serpent" that flourished in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. This event should be remembered as highly important in the history of humanity not only because it prevented the escalation of Nazi-fascism throughout the world, but also to act in the contemporary era as an important instrument of public awareness to act in the fight against Nazi-fascism, especially in the present conjuncture that is characterized by the advance of fascism in Europe, the United States and, also, in Brazil.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: THE MAIN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE COLD WAR AND A LITERATU...George Dumitrache
The first presentation for Paper 3, "The main interpretations of the Cold War and a literature review". Suitable for Cambridge Examination starting May/June and November 2016. It contains: the origins of the Cold War; orthodox traditional interpretation and the historians (Thomas Bailey, Herbert Feis, George Kennan); revisionist interpretation and the historians (William Appleman, Walter LaFeber, Gal Alperovits, Gabriel Kolko); post-revisionist interpretations and the historians (Thomas Patterson, Lewis Gaddis, Ernest May).
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S TOTALITARIAN REGIME. Suitable for Year 13 History students in Cambridge. It contains: overview, totalitarian regimes, Hitler in Vienna, etc.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: THE MAIN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE COLD WAR AND A LITERATU...George Dumitrache
The first presentation for Paper 3, "The main interpretations of the Cold War and a literature review". Suitable for Cambridge Examination starting May/June and November 2016. It contains: the origins of the Cold War; orthodox traditional interpretation and the historians (Thomas Bailey, Herbert Feis, George Kennan); revisionist interpretation and the historians (William Appleman, Walter LaFeber, Gal Alperovits, Gabriel Kolko); post-revisionist interpretations and the historians (Thomas Patterson, Lewis Gaddis, Ernest May).
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S TOTALITARIAN REGIME. Suitable for Year 13 History students in Cambridge. It contains: overview, totalitarian regimes, Hitler in Vienna, etc.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 6 - WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - TRAD...George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 6 WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - TRADITIONALISTS VIEWS. A presentation containing: a view over traditionalism, hero vs. villain scenario, the policy of containment, the dominant vision, views of Arthur Schlesinger, Michael Hart, Paul Wolfowitz, Christopher Andrew, Eugene Rostow, et all.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 9 - WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - DIFF...George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 9 - WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES. A presentation containing: the European and Soviet perspectives, views of Molotov, the balance of power.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
Against the facts and the history itself, Bolsonaro and Ernesto Araújo, his incompetent Foreign Minister, insist on affirming that Nazism is of the left. It is well known by all those who know the history of Nazism as a far right political movement that it is synonymous with dictatorship, barbarism, genocide, war, among other crimes against humanity practiced by him. Nazism and fascism as the far right political movement are, historically, the antithesis of socialism and communism as a far-left movement as will be demonstrated in this article.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S REPUTATION AND POPULARITYGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S REPUTATION AND POPULARITY. Contains: the Superman image, heroic leadership, people's Kaiser, the Fuhrer, building the myth, struggle, conflict, nazis.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HISTORIAN PERSPECTIVES ABOUT THE RED TERRORGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HISTORIAN PERSPECTIVES ABOUT THE RED TERROR. Contains: Courtois, Pipes, Marx, Stalin, Conquest, Figes, Ryan, historical significance.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: POLICIES TOWARDS MINORITIES, OPPOSITION AND JEWSGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: POLICIES TOWARDS MINORITIES, OPPOSITION AND JEWS. Contains: the racial policy of Nazi Germany, the anti-Jews laws, the law for the protection of German blood and honour, the Reich citizenship law, persecution of German Jews, Romany minority.
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxjack60216
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxgalerussel59292
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 6 - WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - TRAD...George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 6 WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - TRADITIONALISTS VIEWS. A presentation containing: a view over traditionalism, hero vs. villain scenario, the policy of containment, the dominant vision, views of Arthur Schlesinger, Michael Hart, Paul Wolfowitz, Christopher Andrew, Eugene Rostow, et all.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 9 - WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - DIFF...George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 9 - WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR - DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES. A presentation containing: the European and Soviet perspectives, views of Molotov, the balance of power.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
Against the facts and the history itself, Bolsonaro and Ernesto Araújo, his incompetent Foreign Minister, insist on affirming that Nazism is of the left. It is well known by all those who know the history of Nazism as a far right political movement that it is synonymous with dictatorship, barbarism, genocide, war, among other crimes against humanity practiced by him. Nazism and fascism as the far right political movement are, historically, the antithesis of socialism and communism as a far-left movement as will be demonstrated in this article.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S REPUTATION AND POPULARITYGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S REPUTATION AND POPULARITY. Contains: the Superman image, heroic leadership, people's Kaiser, the Fuhrer, building the myth, struggle, conflict, nazis.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HISTORIAN PERSPECTIVES ABOUT THE RED TERRORGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HISTORIAN PERSPECTIVES ABOUT THE RED TERROR. Contains: Courtois, Pipes, Marx, Stalin, Conquest, Figes, Ryan, historical significance.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: POLICIES TOWARDS MINORITIES, OPPOSITION AND JEWSGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: POLICIES TOWARDS MINORITIES, OPPOSITION AND JEWS. Contains: the racial policy of Nazi Germany, the anti-Jews laws, the law for the protection of German blood and honour, the Reich citizenship law, persecution of German Jews, Romany minority.
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxjack60216
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxgalerussel59292
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
Essay about German Nazi: The Holocaust
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Nazism and rise of hitler Chapters 3 Class 9thgauriasawa9
Nazism and the rise of hitler chapter pdf short ,brief and easy . chapter 3 of history class 9 pdf . notes of chapter 3 nazism and the rise of hitler pdf .
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10.1 Origins of the Cold WarWorld War II left most of Europe in .docxpaynetawnya
10.1 Origins of the Cold War
World War II left most of Europe in shambles. Millions were homeless because the war destroyed thousands of homes, businesses, and public buildings. The European economy was similarly devastated, with much of the industrial infrastructure destroyed or heavily damaged. Great Britain was heavily in debt to the United States and was forced to borrow even more to begin reconstruction. The Soviet Union had suffered severe population losses, including nearly 8.7 million military deaths and 19 million noncombat deaths from starvation, disease, and German prison camps and mass shootings. The USSR also experienced a significant reduction in industrial and food production in the immediate postwar period.
Unable to quickly rebuild, European business elites, conservatives, and even liberals lost ground to Socialists and Communists, who supported the nationalization of banks, manufacturing, and utilities. Smaller European nations such as Greece and Italy also saw major advances by their own homegrown Communist parties. At the war’s end, the United States, with its political stability and rapid economic growth, stood as the lone strong nation among the struggling former combatants. Still, some feared that a Communist upsurge could shake the United States and challenge the nation’s traditions of free enterprise and capitalism.
In this uncertain environment, despite its huge losses, the Soviet Union was the only other world power that had the ideological confidence and military might to join the United States in shaping the new world order. Although the United States and the USSR depended on one another for victory in the war, the alliance between them was tenuous. The Soviets’ Communist-based ideology, culture, and economic system, as well as the dictatorial control of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, stood in stark contrast to American democratic values and capitalism. Although some hoped that the alliance between the two nations would last beyond the war, the relationship quickly began to unravel once the common threat of German aggression was removed.
The United States and the Soviet Union became locked in a protracted struggle in which their clash of ideas and values was as central as their military and diplomatic rivalry. Beginning in the immediate postwar era, this so-called Cold War was as integral to the restructuring of the new world order as was the physical rebuilding of war-torn Europe and Japan.
Roots of the Conflict
When Harry S. Truman assumed the presidency following Roosevelt’s death in April 1945, he faced some of the most delicate and worrisome troubles of any American president. With little experience in international affairs, he confronted the growing division between the United States and the Soviet Union that began during the war, as evidenced in the tensions over Poland at the Yalta conference. His decisions during and immediately after World War II fostered a half century of global competition with the ...
Similar to Live the 74 years of the end of the nazifascist tyranny (13)
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que o povo brasileiro vive o inferno representado pelas catástrofes políticas, econômicas, sociais e ambientais que estão conduzindo o País a um desastre humanitário sem precedentes em sua história de gigantescas proporções. A catástrofe política no Brasil poderá ocorrer com o fim do processo democrático resultante da escalada do fascismo na sociedade pela ação do presidente Jair Bolsonaro que busca colocar em prática sua proposta de governo tipicamente fascista baseada no culto explícito da ordem, na violência de Estado, em práticas autoritárias de governo, no desprezo social por grupos vulneráveis e fragilizados e no anticomunismo. Soma-se à catástrofe política, a catástrofe econômica caracterizada pela estagnação da economia brasileira que amarga uma recessão em 2020 agravada pela pandemia do novo coronavirus porque o PIB caiu 4,1% em relação ao de 2019, a menor taxa da série histórica, iniciada em 1996, bem como com a taxa de desemprego em patamar recorde de 14,8 milhões de pessoas em busca de emprego no País. A catástrofe social se manifesta no fato de o governo Bolsonaro nada fazer para reduzir as taxas de desemprego reativando a economia, atuar em prejuízo dos interesses dos trabalhadores promovendo medidas contra os direitos sociais da população e contribuir para o número elevado de infectados e mortos pelo coronavirus no Brasil ao sabotar o combate ao vírus. Finalmente, a catástrofe ambiental se manifesta no fato de o governo Bolsonaro contribuir para a inação de órgãos governamentais responsáveis pela fiscalização contra as agressões ao meio ambiente, abrir caminho para atividades de mineração, agricultura, pecuária e madeireira na Floresta Amazônica e afastar o Brasil do Acordo do Clima de Paris.
Cet article vise à démontrer que le peuple brésilien vit l'enfer représenté par les catastrophes politiques, économiques, sociales et environnementales qui conduisent le pays à une catastrophe humanitaire sans précédent dans son histoire aux proportions gigantesques. La catastrophe politique au Brésil pourrait survenir avec la fin du processus démocratique résultant de l'escalade du fascisme dans la société par l'action du président Jair Bolsonaro, qui cherche à mettre en pratique sa proposition de gouvernement typiquement fasciste. fondée sur le culte explicite de l'ordre, la violence d'État, les pratiques gouvernementales autoritaires, le mépris social pour les groupes vulnérables et fragiles et l'anticommunisme. Outre la catastrophe politique, la catastrophe économique caractérisée par la stagnation de l'économie brésilienne après une récession en 2020, aggravée par la nouvelle pandémie de coronavirus, car le PIB a baissé de 4,1% par rapport à 2019, le taux le plus bas du série historique, commencée en 1996, ainsi qu'avec le taux de chômage à un niveau record de 14,8 millions de personnes à la recherche d'un emploi dans le pays.La catastrophe sociale se manifeste par le fait que le gouvernement Bolsonaro ne fait rien pour réduire les taux de chômage en réactivant la économique, agissant au détriment des intérêts des travailleurs, promouvant des mesures contre les droits sociaux de la population et contribuant au nombre élevé de personnes infectées et tuées par le coronavirus au Brésil en sabotant la lutte contre le virus. Enfin, la catastrophe environnementale se manifeste par le fait que le gouvernement Bolsonaro contribue à l'inaction des agences gouvernementales chargées de surveiller les agressions contre l'environnement, ouvrant la voie aux activités minières, agricoles, d'élevage et d'exploitation forestière dans la forêt amazonienne et retirant le Brésil de l'Accord de Paris sur le climat.
Cet article a pour objectif de présenter et d'analyser le rapport du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), agence liée à l'ONU, rendu public le 9 août 2021 à travers lequel il montre l'ensemble des connaissances acquises depuis la publication de son précédent rapport en 2014 sur le climat de la planète Terre. 234 auteurs de 66 pays ont examiné plus de 14 000 études scientifiques et leur travail a été reçu avec plus de 78 000 commentaires et observations de chercheurs et d'experts qui travaillant pour les 195 gouvernements auxquels ce travail est destiné. Ce rapport révèle une connaissance approfondie du climat passé, présent et futur de la Terre. Le résumé de ce rapport est à lire dans l'article Selon le GIEC, le changement climatique est irréversible, mais peut encore être corrigé disponible sur le site <https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/nature-environnement/climat/selon-le-giec-le-changement-climatique-s-accelere-est-irreversible-mais-peut-etre-corrige_156431>. Alors que peut-on faire pour éviter cette catastrophe climatique ? La solution est de réduire de moitié les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre d'ici 2030 et de zéro émission nette d'ici le milieu de ce siècle pour arrêter et éventuellement inverser la hausse des températures. La réduction à zéro des émissions nettes consiste à réduire autant que possible les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en utilisant les technologies propres et les énergies renouvelables, ainsi que comme capter et stocker le carbone, ou l'absorber en plantant des arbres. Très probablement, le monde ne réussira pas à empêcher d'autres changements climatiques en raison de l'absence d'un système de gouvernance mondiale capable d'empêcher l'augmentation du réchauffement climatique et le changement climatique catastrophique résultant de l'impuissance de l'ONU.
AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA GLOBAL E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE A SAÚDE HU...Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os impactos do aquecimento global e da consequente mudança climática sobre a saúde humana e as soluções que permitam evitar suas maléficas consequências contra a humanidade. Para alcançar este objetivo, é necessário promover uma transformação profunda da sociedade atual que tem sido extremamente destruidora das condições de vida do planeta. Diante disso, é imprescindível que seja edificada uma sociedade sustentável substituindo o atual modelo econômico dominante em todo o mundo por outro que leve em conta o homem integrado com o meio ambiente, com a natureza, ou seja, o modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi analisado o Acordo de Paris com base na COP 21 organizada pela ONU através do qual 195 países e a União Europeia definiram como a humanidade lutará contra o aquecimento global nas próximas décadas, bem como foi analisada literatura relacionada com o aquecimento global e a mudança climática para extrair as conclusões que apontam como substituir o modelo de desenvolvimento atual pelo modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável.
GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTHFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the impacts of global warming and the consequent global climate change on human health and the solutions to avoid its harmful consequences against humanity. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote a profound transformation of current society, which has been extremely destructive of the planet's living conditions. Therefore, it is essential to build a sustainable society, replacing the current dominant economic model throughout the world with one that takes into account man integrated with the environment, with nature, that is, the model of sustainable development. The Paris Agreement was analyzed based on the COP 21 organized by the UN through which 195 countries and the European Union defined how humanity will fight global warming in the coming decades, as well as was analyzed literature related to global warming and climate change to extract the conclusions that point out how to replace the current development model with the sustainable development model.
LE RÉCHAUFFEMENT CLIMATIQUE, LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE MONDIAL ET SES IMPACTS ...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article a pour objectif de présenter les impacts du réchauffement climatique et du changement climatique qui en découle sur la santé humaine et les solutions pour éviter ses conséquences néfastes contre l'humanité. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est nécessaire de promouvoir une transformation profonde de la société d'aujourd'hui qui a été extrêmement destructrice des conditions de vie sur la planète. Il est donc essentiel de construire une société durable, en remplaçant le modèle économique actuel dominant à travers le monde par un autre qui prenne en compte l'homme intégré à l'environnement, à la nature, c'est-à-dire le modèle de développement durable. L'Accord de Paris a été analysé sur la base de la COP 21 organisée par l'ONU à travers laquelle 195 pays et l'Union européenne ont défini comment l'humanité luttera contre le réchauffement climatique dans les prochaines décennies, ainsi que a été analysée la littérature liée au réchauffement climatique et au changement climatique pour extraire les conclusions qui indiquent comment remplacer le modèle de développement actuel par le modèle de développement durable.
Cet article a trois objectifs : 1) démontrer qu'il y a un changement drastique du climat de la Terre grâce au réchauffement climatique, qui contribue à la survenue d'inondations dans les villes aux effets de plus en plus catastrophiques ; 2) proposer des mesures pour lutter contre le changement climatique mondial ; et 3) proposer des mesures pour préparer les villes à faire face à des événements météorologiques extrêmes. Récemment, des inondations se sont produites qui exposent la vulnérabilité des villes d'Europe et de Chine aux conditions météorologiques les plus extrêmes. Après les inondations qui ont fait des morts en Allemagne, en Belgique et en Chine, le message a été renforcé que des changements importants sont nécessaires pour préparer les villes à faire face à des événements similaires à l'avenir. Les gouvernements doivent admettre que les infrastructures qu'ils ont construites dans le passé pour les villes, même à une époque plus récente, sont vulnérables à ces phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes. Pour faire face aux inondations qui deviendront de plus en plus fréquentes, les gouvernements doivent agir simultanément dans trois directions : la première est de lutter contre le changement climatique mondial ; le second est de préparer les villes à faire face à des événements météorologiques extrêmes et le troisième est de mettre en œuvre une société durable aux niveaux national et mondial.
This article has three objectives: 1) to demonstrate that there is a drastic change in the Earth's climate thanks to global warming, which is contributing to the occurrence of floods in cities that are increasingly catastrophic in their effects; 2) propose measures to combat global climate change; and 3) propose measures to prepare cities to face extreme weather events. Recently, floods have occurred that expose the vulnerability of cities in Europe and China to the most extreme weather. After the floods that killed people in Germany, Belgium and China, the message was reinforced that significant changes are needed to prepare cities to face similar events in the future. Governments need to admit that the infrastructure they built in the past for cities, even in more recent times, is vulnerable to these extreme weather events. To deal with the floods that will become more and more frequent, governments need to act simultaneously in three directions: the first is to combat global climate change; the second is to prepare cities to face extreme weather events and the third is to implement a sustainable society at the national and global levels.
Este artigo tem três objetivos: 1) demonstrar que está havendo uma mudança drástica no clima da Terra graças ao aquecimento global que está contribuindo para a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades que se repetem de forma cada vez mais catastrófica em seus efeitos; 2) propor medidas para combater a mudança climática global; e, 3) propor medidas visando preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. Recentemente, ocorreram enchentes que expõem a vulnerabilidade das cidades da Europa e da China ao clima mais extremo. Depois das enchentes que mataram pessoas na Alemanha, Bélgica e China foi reforçada a mensagem de que são necessárias mudanças significativas para preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos similares no futuro. Os governos precisam admitir que a infraestrutura que construíram no passado para as cidades, mesmo em tempos mais recentes, é vulnerável a esses eventos de clima extremo. Para lidar com as inundações que serão cada vez mais frequentes, os governos precisam agir simultaneamente em três direções: a primeira consiste em combater a mudança climática global; a segunda consiste em preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos extremos no clima e a terceira consiste em implantar uma sociedade sustentável nas esferas nacional e global.
CIVILIZAÇÃO OU BARBÁRIE SÃO AS ESCOLHAS DO POVO BRASILEIRO NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2022 Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que as eleições de 2022 são decisivas para o futuro do Brasil porque que o povo brasileiro terá que decidir entre os valores da civilização e da democracia ou os da barbárie e do fascismo defendidos pelos candidatos à Presidência da República. É preciso observar que a Civilização é considerada o estágio mais avançado que uma sociedade humana pode alcançar do ponto de vista político, econômico, social, cultural, científico e tecnológico. O contrário de civilização é a Barbárie que é a condição daquilo que é selvagem, cruel, desumano e grosseiro, ou seja, quem ou o que é tido como bárbaro que atenta contra o progresso político, econômico, social, cultural, científico e tecnológico. A barbárie sempre se caracterizou ao longo da história da humanidade por grupos que usam a força e a crueldade para alcançar seus objetivos.
CIVILISATION OU BARBARIE SONT LES CHOIX DU PEUPLE BRÉSILIEN AUX ÉLECTIONS DE ...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à démontrer que les élections de 2022 sont décisives pour l'avenir du Brésil car le peuple brésilien devra trancher entre les valeurs de civilisation et de démocratie ou celles de barbarie et de fascisme défendues par les candidats à la Présidence de la République. Il convient de noter que la civilisation est considérée comme le stade le plus avancé qu'une société humaine puisse atteindre d'un point de vue politique, économique, social, culturel, scientifique et technologique. Le contraire de la civilisation est la barbarie, qui est la condition de ce qui est sauvage, cruel, inhumain et grossier, c'est-à-dire qui ou ce qui est considéré comme barbare qui attaque le progrès politique, économique, social, culturel, scientifique et technologique. La barbarie a toujours été caractérisée tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité par des groupes qui utilisent la force et la cruauté pour atteindre leurs objectifs.
CIVILIZATION OR BARBARISM ARE THE CHOICES OF THE BRAZILIAN PEOPLE IN THE 2022...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate that the 2022 elections are decisive for the future of Brazil because the Brazilian people will have to decide between the values of civilization and democracy or those of barbarism and fascism defended by candidates for the Presidency of the Republic. It should be noted that Civilization is considered the most advanced stage that a human society can reach from a political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological point of view. The opposite of civilization is Barbarism, which is the condition of what is savage, cruel, inhuman and coarse, that is, who or what is considered barbaric that attacks political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological progress. Barbarism has always been characterized throughout human history by groups that use force and cruelty to achieve their goals.
COMO EVITAR A PREVISÃO DE STEPHEN HAWKING DE QUE A HUMANIDADE SÓ TEM MAIS 100...Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o que foi dito pelo falecido cientista Stephen Hawking que afirmou em 2018 que a espécie humana poderia ser levada à extinção em 100 anos e que, devido a isto, forçaria os seres humanos a saírem da Terra, bem como demonstrar que as ameaças de extinção da espécie humana citadas por Hawking podem ser enfrentadas sem que haja a necessidade de fuga de seres humanos da Terra.
COMMENT ÉVITER LA PRÉVISION DE STEPHEN HAWKING QUE L'HUMANITÉ N'A QUE 100 ANS...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à présenter ce qu'a dit le regretté scientifique Stephen Hawking qui a déclaré en 2018 que l'espèce humaine pourrait être amenée à l'extinction dans 100 ans et que, de ce fait, il forcerait les êtres humains à quitter la Terre, ainsi que démontrer que les menaces d'extinction de l'espèce humaine citées par Hawking peuvent être affrontées sans que les êtres humains aient besoin de s'échapper de la Terre.
Today the French Revolution is commemorated, which was a dividing mark in the history of humanity, starting the contemporary age. It was such an important event that its ideals influenced many movements around the world.
On commémore aujourd'hui la Révolution française, qui a marqué l'histoire de l'humanité en commençant l'ère contemporaine. C'était un événement si important que ses idéaux ont influencé de nombreux mouvements à travers le monde.
Hoje é comemorada a Revolução Francesa que foi um marco divisório da história da humanidade dando início à idade contemporânea. Foi um acontecimento tão importante que seus ideais influenciaram vários movimentos ao redor do mundo.
O TARIFAÇO DE ENERGIA É SINAL DE INCOMPETÊNCIA DO GOVERNO FEDERAL NO PLANEJAM...Fernando Alcoforado
É bastante evidente o descalabro do setor elétrico do Brasil. O planejamento eficaz do setor elétrico é aquele que deve ser desenvolvido com vários anos de antecedência e baseado em estudos técnicos e econômicos. A gestão competente tem que ser baseada no planejamento de longo prazo e com visão sistêmica que está faltando ao governo Bolsonaro. Sem a cultura do planejamento e a não utilização de profissionais competentes nas ações do governo federal, o resultado só poderia ser o que vem se registrando no setor elétrico que está ameaçado de “apagões” e de racionamento de energia elétrica.
LES RÉVOLUTIONS SOCIALES, LEURS FACTEURS DÉCLENCHEURS ET LE BRÉSIL ACTUELFernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à analyser les facteurs déclencheurs des révolutions sociales qui se sont produites tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité et à évaluer la possibilité de leur occurrence dans le Brésil contemporain.
SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS, THEIR TRIGGERS FACTORS AND CURRENT BRAZILFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to analyze the triggering factors of social revolutions that have occurred throughout human history and assess the possibility of their occurrence in contemporary Brazil.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
Live the 74 years of the end of the nazifascist tyranny
1. 1
LIVE THE 74 YEARS OF THE END OF THE NAZIFASCIST TYRANNY
Fernando Alcoforado*
The end of World War II in Europe was expected since February 1943, when the Soviet
Army defeated the Wehrmacht (German Army) in one of the greatest military clashes in
history, known as the Battle of Stalingrad. Later, on June 6, 1944, the Allies landed in
Normandy, known as the "D-Day". The operation is considered the largest sea invasion
of history and has begun the liberation of the territories occupied by the Germans in
northwestern Europe. The end of the war in Europe occurred after the Battle of Berlin,
the last chapter of the Soviet offensive against the German forces. The battle began in
April 1945, with the onslaught of Soviet troops in the Nazi-occupied countries that later
moved to Berlin. On April 30, 1945, in the final stretch of the confrontation, the Nazi
leader Adolf Hitler committed suicide. Shortly afterwards, Berlin gave in, forwarding
the surrender that would happen on May 8, 1945.
Victory Day is related to the end of World War II in Europe on 8 May 1945 which is the
formal date of the defeat of Nazi Germany and the victory of the Allies. On May 7, a
preliminary document was signed indicating the surrender of the German troops.
However, the formality of the surrender took place on May 8, through representatives of
Germany, who, together with the presence of the Allied Forces Command and the
Soviet Armed Forces, signed the unconditional surrender of Germany. The
unconditional surrender of Germany was signed at dawn on May 7 by General Alfred
Jodl who would later be sentenced to death by the Nuremberg Tribunal for war crimes
and crimes against humanity. On the winning side, the capitulation certificate was
signed by General Walter Bedell-Smith, Chief of Staff of the US General Dwight
Eisenhower, and Soviet General Ivan Suslaparov. François Sevez, adjunct of the French
general Alphonse Pierre Juin, also signed the document as a witness.
In fact, the date intended to be Victory Day was the 9th, not the 8th of May. However,
the press was able to leak the news of the surrender and the celebration took place in the
world on May 8. In the Soviet Union, Victory Day was marked for May 9, as was the
combined date. The number of deaths during World War II was 20 million in the former
Soviet Union, 5.5 million in Germany, 4 million in Poland, 2.2 million in China, 1.6
million in Yugoslavia, 1.5 million in the Japan, 535,000 in France, 450,000 in Italy,
396,000 in Great Britain and 292,000 in the United States. These figures show that the
greater war effort aiming at the overthrow of Germany had a decisive contribution from
the former Soviet Union. Approximately 47 million people were killed during World
War II. Germany's surrender on May 8 did not mean the end of World War II because it
was still on Asian and Pacific soil. Japan was still fighting titanically against the United
States that was defeating the Japanese. In order to force the rapid and unconditional
surrender of Japan, the United States decided to launch two atomic bombs: one in
Hiroshima (on August 6, 1945) and another in Nagasaki (on August 9, 1945). The
Japanese surrender took place on September 2, 1945.
Unfortunately, Victory Day is not properly publicized in the media in Brazil and in
many countries around the world. In Brazil, only a small part of the population
remembers the commemoration and registration of the almost 25,000 Brazilians who
were part of the greatest war in history. Sadly, the heroic participation of Brazilian ex-
combatants who have fought against Nazi-fascist oppression and tyranny and
contributed to the construction of a new era of peace in the world has not been
celebrated. Victory Day on 8 or 9 May should be celebrated throughout the world as
2. 2
one of the great events of human history because it meant the crushing of the Nazi-
fascist "serpent" that flourished in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. This
event should be remembered as highly important in the history of humanity not only
because it prevented the escalation of Nazi-fascism throughout the world, but also to act
in the contemporary era as an important instrument of public awareness to act in the
fight against Nazi-fascism, especially in the present conjuncture that is characterized by
the advance of fascism in Europe, the United States and, also, in Brazil.
It is important to note that fascism and Nazism implanted during the twenties and
thirties of the twentieth century was based on a strong, totalitarian state which claimed
to embody the spirit of the people in the exercise of power by a single party whose
authority was imposed through violence, repression and political propaganda. The
fascist and Nazi leader is a figure who is above ordinary men. Mussolini was
denominated like Il Duce, that derives from the Latin Dux (General) and Hitler de
Fuehrer (Conductor, Guide, Leader, Boss). Both were messianic and authoritarian
leaderships, with a power that was exercised unilaterally without consultation to
anyone. In Germany, fascism was given the name of Nazism. This movement also had a
strong racial component, which promulgated the superiority of the Aryan race and
sought to exterminate Jews, Gypsies and Blacks.
Nazism was also characterized by aggressive nationalism, militarism and imperialism in
the service of the ruling classes, by the cult of the chief, by anti-communism and by
dictatorship. In order to put into practice its principles, the individual rights of citizens
were ignored, Parliament was transformed into a simple advisory body and the political
police were created, which crushed all opposition to the regime. Nazi-fascism served as
a model for several other extreme right-wing dictatorships that were implanted in
Europe in the period between the two World Wars, including Franco's dictatorships in
Spain and Salazar's in Portugal, which is why nazifascism came to fit also as a right-
wing totalitarian dictatorial regime.
In the contemporary era, the economic crisis of the world capitalist system that broke
out in 2008 in the United States led the European Union to economic stagnation with
serious political and social consequences. This crisis has given rise to the strengthening
of far-right political parties in several countries. The rise of far-right parties happens in
much of Europe. With Nazi-fascist or nationalist leanings, most of these parties
advocate the end of the European Union, the end of the Euro, strengthening the unity
and identity of countries, more radical policies against immigrants, criticizing the
financial rescue of countries in crisis, are against homosexuals, abortion, liberalism and
globalization, and fight what they call Islamization.
In the United States, all messages from presidential candidate Donald Trump pointed to
the fact that, elected president of the Republic, fascism could be reborn in the United
States. The revival of fascism under Donald Trump in the United States resulted
primarily from its economic decline and the loss of its hegemony on the world stage in a
very short timeframe. It should be noted that the United States is the chief executive
organization of the world capital empire. In other words, it can be said that it is in the
United States that the fascist state is located in defense of globalized capitalism. The US
government carries out drone killings, occupies foreign countries, created and supported
terrorist guerrillas such as the Islamic State. The United States government oppresses
and investigates its own domestic population. It does all this for service, not for national
aggrandizement, but for the service of global capital. It is a fascism different from that
3. 3
of old Fascism, which was based on a strong, totalitarian state which claimed to embody
the spirit of the people in the exercise of power by a single party whose authority was
imposed through violence, repression and propaganda politics. The current fascism in
the United States has a double connotation, being nationalist in developing actions that
aim to maintain global and globalist American hegemony by taking actions in defense
of globalized capitalism.
In Brazil, the Bolsonaro government may lead Brazil to an unprecedented social
conflagration in its history. Fascism is explicit in Bolsonaro's discourse, which is based
on the cult of order, on state violence, on authoritarian government practices, on social
disregard for vulnerable and fragile groups, and on anti-communism. The danger
represented by Bolsonaro lies in oppression, machismo, homophobia, racism, hatred of
the poor. History tells us that once it reaches power, the fascists can destroy the last
vestiges of a democratic government in Brazil. In contemporary Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro
defends economic neoliberalism differently from the statism of Mussolini and Hitler,
fact that does not stop to qualify it like fascist because there is not a unique formula for
the fascism as some imagine. Not necessarily fascism is nationalist and statist as it was
in Italy with Mussolini and in Germany with Hitler. What characterizes all fascism in all
its variants is fundamentally dictatorship, racism, anti-communism, persecution of
minorities, and the placing of fascist government at the service of economic and
financial elites.
The Nazi-fascism that is reborn in Brazil and in the world must be crushed as happened
on May 8, 1945 with the military defeat of Hitler Germany.
* Fernando Alcoforado, 79, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System,
member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional
Development by the University of Barcelona, university professor and consultant in the areas of strategic
planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is the author of 14 books
addressing issues such as Globalization and Development, Brazilian Economy, Global Warming and
Climate Change, The Factors that Condition Economic and Social Development, Energy in the world and
The Great Scientific, Economic, and Social Revolutions that Changed the World.