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Wk5_UML_ActivityDiagram.pptx
- 1. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 UML Activity Diagrams 6 October 2008
- 3. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Activity Diagram: what is it? • Describes activities and flows of data or decisions between activities • Provides a very broad view of business processes • Can be used to break out the activities that occur within a use case • Good for showing parallel threads
- 4. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Activity Diagram: when to use it? • When describing work flow across many use cases • When analysing a use case, and before methods are assigned to symbols • When dealing with multi-threaded applications
- 5. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Creating an Activity Diagram This diagram is useful in showing work flow connections and describing behaviour that has a lot of parallel processing. When you use an activity diagram you can choose the order in which to do things. It expresses the essential sequencing rules to follow. It is different from a flow chart in that it shows parallel processes, not just sequential processes.
- 6. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Activity Diagram • Shows a set of activities, the flow from activity to activity. • Represents the dynamic view of a system. • Models the function of a system.
- 7. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Activity Diagram • Activity diagrams show the flow of control between activities – They can model the sequential and concurrent steps in a computational process – They can also model the flow of an object as it moves from state to state at different points in the activity
- 8. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 UML Activity symbols ActionState initial state final state Transition (Fork) Transition (Join) Control Flow Decision Swimlane
- 9. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Action State • In a conceptual diagram an activity is a task that needs to be done – either by a human or a computer • In a specification-perspective diagram or an implementation-diagram, an activity is a method on a class
- 10. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Sequential Branching • A sequential branch is represented as a diamond – It may have one incoming transition and two or more outgoing transitions – Guards are associated with each transition. The guards are evaluated upon entering the branch, and the one that evaluates to true is then taken
- 12. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Branch & Merge Calculate Risk Issue a Loan [ risk low] Ask for Authorization Continue [ risk high]
- 13. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Forking and Joining • Concurrent activities within an activity diagram are modelled with the use of synchronised bars • Synchronisation bars are drawn as a thick horizontal or vertical line • Joins and Forks should balance – The number of flows that leave a fork should equal to the number of flows entering the corresponding join.
- 14. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Fork & Join Issue a Loan Reserve Money Make a Agreement Make an Offer
- 15. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 PrepareMeal CookSpaghetti MakeSauce Combine OpenBottleWine [ in the mood for wine] Serve
- 16. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Forks, Joins & conditional Threads PrepareMeal CookSpaghetti MakeSauce Combine OpenBottleWine Serve [ in the mood for wine]
- 17. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Swim lanes • The activities of an activity diagram may be performed by different groups. • Each zone or lane represents the responsibilities of a particular group. • If swimlanes are used, each activity can belong to one and only one swimlane. • To use swimlanes, you must arrange your activity diagrams into vertical zones separated by dashed lines.
- 18. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Swim lanes Administration Desk Finance Issue a Loan Reserve Money Make a Agreement Make an Offer
- 22. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Receive Order Assign Goods to item Authorize Payment [ for each line item] / Cancel Order [ failed] * Reorder Goods [ need to order] [ succeeded] Dispatch Order [ stock assigned to all items and payment authorized]
- 24. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Object Flow • Objects may be involved in the flow of control associated with an activity. – These associations can be shown in activity diagrams by placing objects in the diagram and linking them to specific activities using a dependency link. – The same object may be the output of one action and the input of one or more subsequent activities. – To distinguish the various appearances of the same object, the state of the object at each point may be placed in brackets and appended to the name of the object.
- 25. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Object Flow Example Stockroom Sales Customer Request service Take order Fill order Deliver order Pay Take order Stockroom Sales Customer Request service Take order Fill order Deliver order Pay Collect order Order [placed] Order [entered] Order [filled] Order [delivered]
- 26. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Date2date example: scenario’s Use case Log in Subscriber Step-by-step Plan 1. Validate number of invalid login’s 2. If number of invalid login’s more than 2, stop 3. Show web-page 4. Actor enters login and password 5. Actor confirms login 6. Application validates login 7. If login is valid 7.1 Actor is marked as subscriber 7.2 Stop 8. If login is invalid 8.1 Increase the number of steps 8.2 Repeat from 1.
- 27. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Use Case Log in subscriber Actors Subscriber, Visitor Description Pre-conditions Check validity actor as subsciriber ---- Basic flow 1. Validate number of invalid login’s 2. Show web-page 3. Actor enters login and password 4. Actor confirms login 5. Application validates login 6. Actor is marked as subscriber Extension / Exception flow 1a Login is invalid 1a1 Number of logins >2, stop 5a Login is invalid 5a1 Increase number of logins, repeat 1 Post-conditions Actor is known as subscriber and actor is logged in Date2date : Log in Subscriber – use case text
- 28. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Date2date : Log in subscriber – activity diagram
- 29. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Key point • Activity diagrams are useful for – Business Process Redesign – Work Flow Modelling – Analysing Use Cases
- 30. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 NS Ticket service • Define a use case diagram of ‘NS Ticket service’ • Describe an use case. Take ticket Destination Single / Retour No Reduction / 40% reduction 2e class / 1e class
- 31. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Use Case diagram ‘NS Ticket service’ Traveller Buy OV ticket Buy NS ticket Pay ticket «extends» «uses»
- 32. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Use Case Buy OV Ticket Actors Traveller Preconditions Traveller has a valid pass Description 1. Ticket device expects destination code 2. Traveller enters destination code 3. Extension point: NS ticket 4. Ticket device checks code and calculates the charge. Shows destination code & fare. Activates ticket machine for paying 5. Traveller pays (use case: Pay ticket) 6. Ticket device print and supplies ticket 7. Traveller takes ticket Extension Destination code = NS station. 3a. Ticket device expects ticket type 3b. Traveller enters Single/Return, Discount Y/N, Class Exceptions Traveller interrupt the interaction or walk away Traveller enters an incorrect destination code Payment is not finished off successful Result Traveller has ticket. (NS can look forward to the payment)
- 33. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Make a class diagram of ‘NS ticket service’ including the classes ‘Ticket’ and ‘Destination’ +create() +payPrice() +printTicket() -fromStation -toStation -oneWay : Boolean -reduction : Boolean -class -date : Date -price : Currency Ticket +validateDestination() +showPrice() -code -name -distance -base price Destination +Print() +checkStatusPrinter() -statusPrinter Printer * 1
- 34. www.ddss.arch.tue.nl 7M822 Make an activity diagram for the actor ‘Traveller’ Enter Destination [else] [ correct NS destination] Choose single or return Choose reduction Y/N Choose 1st / 2snd class [ bus&tram card] Pay ticket [ payment not OK] Take ticket [ else]