The document summarizes recent research on wireless power transmission. It discusses how wireless power transmission has been studied since the late 19th century, beginning with experiments by Nikola Tesla and others showing the possibility of transmitting power through electromagnetic induction without wires. Various methods for wireless power transmission are described, including induction, electromagnetic waves, evanescent waves, and resonant inductive coupling. Applications could include powering devices in homes and charging electronics without plugging them in. The document outlines different classifications of wireless power transmission based on transmission range, from short-range induction to potential long-distance transmission using technologies like microwave beams.
Design of wireless power transfer system via magnetic resonant coupling at 13...Ajay Kumar Sah
Design of Wireless Power Transfer System via Magnetic Resonant Coupling at 13.56MHz
Abstract: Power is a must to modern systems. Power transmission through wires is common. But not in every field can wires be used because of certain limitations. The implantable biomedical devices like pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, and artificial hearts require power supply for long term operation. The required power is supplied by driveline cable or by battery. WPT greatly reduces the risk of infection by eliminating the driveline cable which otherwise needs to puncture the skin to provide power and also saves the valuable space inside a person’s body in case of battery powered. In such fields, what we need is wireless transmission. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. In this paper, a simple design method of a wireless power transfer system using 13.56 MHz ISM band is proposed. The proposed wireless power transfer system consists of rectifier, oscillator, power amplifier, power coil, load coil and two intermediate coils as transmitter antenna and receiver antenna inserted between power coil and load coil.
World cannot be imagined without electrical
power. Generally the power is transmitted through
transmission networks. This paper describes an original
idea to eradicate the hazardous usage of electrical wires
which involve lot of confusion in particularly organizing
them. Imagine a future in which wireless power transfer is
feasible: cell phones, household robots, mp3 players,
laptop computers and other portable electronic devices
capable of charging themselves without ever being plugged
in freeing us from that final ubiquitous power wire. This
paper includes the techniques of transmitting power
without using wires with an efficiency of about 95% with
non-radioactivemethods. In this paper wireless power
transfer technique have been implemented on test system.
Keywords : power, ubiquitous, efficiency
No Wire is the brief description of the wireless technology and wireless power transmission. this presentation gives the overview of the wireless power transmission and also you can found the different types of the methods used to transfer the power wirelessly i mean the types of the wireless power transmission. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%,40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by state of the art technology. The above discussed problem can be solvedby choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission.
CAN ELECTRICITY TRAVEL WIRELESSLY,,,,,,,,???????????? CAN MOBILE PHONES BE CHARGED WITH OUT ADAPTERS,,,,,,,,??????????????
YES,,,,,,, WITH MY PPT I CAN PROVE IT,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,wire less electricity,,,,,,,kill of cables,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Design of wireless power transfer system via magnetic resonant coupling at 13...Ajay Kumar Sah
Design of Wireless Power Transfer System via Magnetic Resonant Coupling at 13.56MHz
Abstract: Power is a must to modern systems. Power transmission through wires is common. But not in every field can wires be used because of certain limitations. The implantable biomedical devices like pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, and artificial hearts require power supply for long term operation. The required power is supplied by driveline cable or by battery. WPT greatly reduces the risk of infection by eliminating the driveline cable which otherwise needs to puncture the skin to provide power and also saves the valuable space inside a person’s body in case of battery powered. In such fields, what we need is wireless transmission. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. In this paper, a simple design method of a wireless power transfer system using 13.56 MHz ISM band is proposed. The proposed wireless power transfer system consists of rectifier, oscillator, power amplifier, power coil, load coil and two intermediate coils as transmitter antenna and receiver antenna inserted between power coil and load coil.
World cannot be imagined without electrical
power. Generally the power is transmitted through
transmission networks. This paper describes an original
idea to eradicate the hazardous usage of electrical wires
which involve lot of confusion in particularly organizing
them. Imagine a future in which wireless power transfer is
feasible: cell phones, household robots, mp3 players,
laptop computers and other portable electronic devices
capable of charging themselves without ever being plugged
in freeing us from that final ubiquitous power wire. This
paper includes the techniques of transmitting power
without using wires with an efficiency of about 95% with
non-radioactivemethods. In this paper wireless power
transfer technique have been implemented on test system.
Keywords : power, ubiquitous, efficiency
No Wire is the brief description of the wireless technology and wireless power transmission. this presentation gives the overview of the wireless power transmission and also you can found the different types of the methods used to transfer the power wirelessly i mean the types of the wireless power transmission. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%,40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by state of the art technology. The above discussed problem can be solvedby choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission.
CAN ELECTRICITY TRAVEL WIRELESSLY,,,,,,,,???????????? CAN MOBILE PHONES BE CHARGED WITH OUT ADAPTERS,,,,,,,,??????????????
YES,,,,,,, WITH MY PPT I CAN PROVE IT,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,wire less electricity,,,,,,,kill of cables,,,,,,,,,,,,,
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DOWNLOAD
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Wireless power transfer, wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DOWNLOAD
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Wireless power transfer, wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link.
- Studied the wireless transmission of power using the principle of electromagnetic induction.
- The transmission of power is done with the help of Tesla coil.
WiTricity technology is a non-radiative mode of energy transfer, relying on the magnetic near field. Magnetic fields interact very weakly with biological organisms—people and animals—and are scientifically regarded to be safe.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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Wireless Power Transmission Paper (WPT) SM54
1. 1
Wireless Power Transmission: A Review
Subhash Mahla & Akash Sharma
Electrical Engineering Department
Baldev Ram Mirdha Institute of Technology, Jaipur
subhashmahla93@gmail.com
akashsir17896@gmail.com
Abstract—The aim of this paper is to give a overview of
recent researches and development in the field of wireless power
transmission. Generally, the power is transmitted through wires.
In present time every person needs wireless system, but still
power transmission for low power device using wired device
continuous power supply is one of the major issues in the purpose
of the application of wireless sensor network. Imagine a future
in which wireless power transfer is feasible for cell phones,
household robots, MP3 players, laptop computers and other
portable electronics capable of charging themselves without ever
being plugged in therefore presenting the concept of transmitting
power without using wires i.e. transmitting power as microwaves
from one place to another is in order to reduce the cost ,
transmission and distribution losses to increase efficiency. This
article introducing an idea that is discussed here about how
electrical energy can be transmitted without wire. Typical WPT
is a point to point power transmission.
Index Terms—Nikola Tesla Experiment, Microwave Power
Transmission (MPT), Wireless Power Transmission (WPT), Power
Transmission, Tesla Coil.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the past, product designers and engineers have faced
challenges involving power: the continuity of supplied power,
recharging batteries, optimizing the location of sensors, and
dealing with rotating or moving joints. Although those chal-
lenges remain, new demands that arise from increased use of
mobile devices and operation in dirty or wet environments
mean that designers require new approaches to supplying
power to equipment. Wireless Power Transmission from the
time of Tesla has been an underdeveloped technology. Tesla
had always tried to introduce worldwide wireless power dis-
tribution system. But due to lack of funding and technology
of that time, he was not able to complete the task.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is the transmission of elec-
trical power from a power source to a consuming device
without using discrete man-made conductors. The situation of
wireless power transmission is different from that of wireless
telecommunications, like radio. The most common form of
wireless power transmission is completed using direct induc-
tion and then resonant magnetic induction. Other methods un-
der consideration include radio waves such as microwaves or
beam of light technology. Wireless communication is mostly
regarded as a branch of telecommunications.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
• In 1864, James C. Maxwell predicted the existence of
radio waves by means of mathematical model.
Fig. 1: Tesla Coil
• In 1884, John H. Poynting realized that the Poynting
Vector would play an important role in quantifying the
electromagnetic energy.
• In 1888, bolstered by Maxwell’s theory, Heinrich Hertz
first succeeded in showing experimental evidence of radio
waves by his spark-gap radio transmitter. The prediction
and Evidence of the radio wave in the end of 19th century
was start of the wireless power transmission.[1]
• Nikola Tesla has been the pioneer in the field of wireless
transmission of electrical power [2]. He started efforts
on wireless transmission at 1891 in his experimental
station at Colorado. Nikola Tesla successfully lighted a
small incandescent lamp by means of a resonant circuit
grounded on one end. A coil outside laboratory with the
lower end connected to the ground and the upper end
free. The lamp is lighted by the current induced in the
three turns of wire wound around the lower end of the
coil.
Fig. 2: Nikola Tesla
III. NEED FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
Wireless transmission is employed in cases where instanta-
neous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but intercon-
necting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.
2. 2
Fig. 3: Complexity of Transmission Wires
Number of household points receives electricity at the same
frequency using single transmitting coil as long as they all are
at resonance. So this setup could recharge all the devices in a
room at once.
Fig. 4: Number of Devices Charging at Single Plug Point
IV. METHODS OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF
ELECTRICAL POWER
A. Induction
The principle of mutual induction between two coils can be
used for the transfer of electrical power without any physical
contact in between. The simplest example of how mutual
induction works is the transformer, where there is no physical
contact between the primary and the secondary coils. The
transfer of energy takes place due to electromagnetic coupling
between the two coils.[3]
B. Electromagnetic Transmission
Electromagnetic waves can also be used to transfer power
without wires. By converting electricity into light, such as a
laser beam, then firing this beam at a receiving target, such
as a solar cell on a small aircraft, power can be beamed to a
single target. This is generally known as power beaming.[4]
C. Evanescent Wave Coupling
Researchers at MIT believe they have discovered a new way
to wirelessly transfer power using non-radiative electromag-
netic energy resonant tunnelling. Since the electromagnetic
waves would tunnel, they would not propagate through the air
to be absorbed or wasted, and would not disrupt electronic
devices or cause physical injury like microwave or radio
transmission[5]. Researchers anticipate up to 5 meters of
range.
D. Electrodynamic Induction
Also known as ”resonant inductive coupling” resolves the
main problem associated with non-resonant inductive coupling
for wireless energy transfer; specifically, the dependence of
efficiency on transmission distance. When resonant coupling
is used the transmitter and receiver inductors are tuned to a
mutual frequency and the drive current is modified from a
sinusoidal to a non-sinusoidal transient waveform. Pulse power
transfer occurs over multiple cycles. In this way significant
power may be transmitted over a distance of up to a few times
the size of the transmitter.[6]
E. Radio and Microwave
Power transmission via radio waves can be made more
directional, allowing longer distance power beaming, with
shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically in
the microwave range. A rectenna may be used to convert the
microwave energy back into electricity. Rectenna conversion
efficiencies exceeding 95% have been realized. Power beaming
using microwaves has been proposed for the transmission
of energy from orbiting solar power satellites to Earth and
the beaming of power to spacecraft leaving orbit has been
considered.[7]
F. Electrostatic Induction
Also known as ”capacitive coupling” is an electric field
gradient or differential capacitance between two elevated elec-
trodes over a conducting ground plane for wireless energy
transmission involving high frequency alternating current po-
tential differences transmitted between two plates or nodes.[8]
V. CLASSIFICATION OF WPT
These techniques are briefly classified into three depending
on the distance between the transmitter and receiver. These
are: Short range, Moderate range and Long range.
A. Short distance induction
These methods can reach at most a few centimetres The
action of an electrical transformer is the simplest instance of
wireless energy transfer. The primary and secondary circuits
of a transformer are electrically isolated from each other. The
transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling
through a process known as mutual induction. (An added
benefit is the capability to step the primary voltage either up
or down.) The electric toothbrush charger is an example of
how this principle can be used.[9]
B. Moderate distance
Household devices produce relatively small magnetic fields.
For this reason, chargers hold devices at the distance necessary
to induce a current, which can only happen if the coils are
close together. A larger, stronger field could induce current
from farther away, but the process would be extremely ineffi-
cient. Since a magnetic field spreads in all directions, making
a larger one would waste a lot of energy. An efficient way
3. 3
Fig. 5: A Splashpower mat uses induction to recharge
multiple devices simultaneously
to transfer power between coils separated by a few meters is
that we could extend the distance between the coils by adding
resonance to the equation [10]. A good way to understand
resonance is to think of it in terms of sound. An object’s
physical structure – like the size and shape of a trumpet –
determines the frequency at which it naturally vibrates. This
is its resonant frequency. It’s easy to get objects to vibrate at
their resonant frequency and difficult to get them to vibrate
at other frequencies. This is why playing a trumpet can cause
a nearby trumpet to begin to vibrate. Both trumpets have the
same resonant frequency.
A capacitance plate, which can hold a charge, attaches to
each end of the coil. As electricity travels through this coil,
the coil begins to resonate. Its resonant frequency is a product
of the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the plates.
Fig. 6: The wireless power project uses a curved coil and
capacitive plates
C. Long-distance Wireless Power
Whether or not it incorporates resonance, induction gen-
erally sends power over relatively short distances. But some
plans for wireless power involve moving electricity over a span
of miles. A few proposals even involve sending power to the
Earth from space. In the 1980s, Canada’s Communications
Research Centre created a small airplane that could run off
power beamed from the Earth. The unmanned plane, called
the Stationary High Altitude Relay Platform (SHARP), was
designed as a communications relay. Rather flying from point
to point, the SHARP could fly in circles two kilometres in
diameter at an altitude of about 13 miles (21 kilometres). Most
importantly, the aircraft could fly for months at a time.[11]
VI. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Some of the advantages are as follows:
1) Various ways of transmitting power wirelessly have been
famous for centuries. The most widely known example
is non-particulate radiation, for example radio waves.
While such radiation is extremely good for wireless
transmission of knowledge, it’s not at all feasible to
apply it for power transmission. Since radiation spreads
in all directions, a massive tastes power would become
wasted into free space.
2) Wireless Power Transmission system would completely
eliminates the previous high-tension power transmis-
sion line cables, towers and sub stations involving the
generating station and consumers and facilitates the
interconnection of electrical generation plants with a
global scale.
3) It’s more freedom of both receiver and transmitters. Even
mobile transmitters and receivers might be chosen to the
WPT system.
4) The power could possibly be transmitted towards places
the location where the wired transmission isn’t feasible.
Decrease of transmission is negligible level from the
Wireless Power Transmission; therefore, the efficiency
with this way is a lot higher than the wired transmission.
5) Power can be purchased with the rectenna provided
that the WPT is operating. The power failure because
of short and fault on cables could not exist from the
transmission and power theft will be not possible in
any respect.
Some of the disadvantages are as follows:
1) High capital cost for practical implementation of wire-
less power transmission.
2) Another potential disadvantage is the interference of the
microwaves with the present wireless communication
system.
3) The effect of microwave radiations at high doses re-
ceived is not suitable to human health.
VII. APPLICATIONS OF WPT
1) Moving targets for example fuel free airplanes, fuel
free electric vehicles, moving robots and fuel free rock-
ets. Another applying WPT are wireless power source,
wireless sensors and RF power adaptive rectifying cir-
cuits(PARC).
2) Mobility - user device might be moved easily in the
wireless range.
3) Neat and easy Installation - since no cable running
occasionally, just start-up the wireless device and you’re
ready to rumble.
4) Generating power by placing satellites with giant solar
arrays in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit and transmitting
the power as microwaves on the earth called Solar Power
Satellites (SPS) will be the largest application of WPT.
4. 4
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
Witricity is building a near field wireless charging apparatus
for consumer devices with the help of the Haier group, a
Chinese electronics manufacturer. Witricity demonstrated this
technology by wireless powering a 32-inch television at a
distance of six feet. Delphi Automotive is working with Witric-
ity to develop a wireless charging system for electric cars.
The ground breaking technology will enable to automotive
manufacturer to integrate wireless charging into the design
of hybrid electric vehicles [12]. There is another standard
protocol for charging mobile phone initiated by the Wireless
Power Consortium.
IX. CONCLUSION
The concept of wireless power transmission offers greater
possibilities for transmitting power with negligible losses.
In the end, this could reduce our societys dependence on
batteries, which are currently heavy and expensive. As wireless
technology is getting popular now a days, the demand of bat-
tery is also decreasing. For the long range power transmission
power can be sent from source to receivers instantaneously
without wires, reducing the cost. Batteries need to be recharge
or changed eventually, hence the need for this kind of work.
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